Örüg Temür Khan

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Örüg Temür Khan (Gulichi)
Khagan of the Mongols
オルク・テムル・ハーン.jpg
Khagan of Northern Yuan dynasty
Reign1402–1408
Coronation1402
PredecessorGün Temür Khan
SuccessorÖljei Temür Khan
Born1379
Died1408 (aged 28–29)
HouseTorghud or House of Ogedei(?) of the Borjigin
DynastyNorthern Yuan dynasty

Örüg Temür Khan (Mongolian: Үгч хашха хаан; Chinese: 兀雷帖木兒汗), possibly Gulichi[1] (Chinese: 鬼力赤), was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 1408. He might also have been known as Ugechi Khashikha (Chinese: 烏格齊哈什哈). "Khashikha" means prince or duke in the Tungusic languages. He was a leader of the Oirats, particularly the Torguud clan. Örüg Temür might have been descended from either Ariq Böke or Genghis Khan's younger brothers, either Hasar or Temüge.[2] He may also have been a descendant of Ögedei.[3] Thus, it is still unclear whether he was an Oirat or a Genghisid.

Elbeg Khan appointed Bahamu (Batlai, Mahamu, Muhamud) ruler of the Four Oirats after he had mistakenly executed his father Taifu. The Khagan's decision disappointed the Oirat leader Gulichi (or Örüg Temür?). Gulichi and Bahamu organized the plot to kill Elbeg and succeeded; the former seized the family and property of the late Khagan. Gulichi became the new khagan in 1402, and abolished the dynastic title of "Great Yuan" (大元) promulgated in 1271 by Kublai.

Reign[]

Gulichi appointed Arughtai of the Asud chingsang of the Eastern Mongols. According to Ming annals, he might have nominated a Tatar khan. The Yongle Emperor made overtures to Gulichi and his principal retainer Arughtai to establish a relationship within Ming China's tributary system, but Gulichi and Arughtai rejected it.[4] They also poisoned Engke Temur, Prince of Hami, who had allied with the Ming.[4] However, Gulichi was defeated by Öljei Temür Khan, the Borjigin monarch, in 1403. In 1408, his former chingsang and noyan Arughtai killed him after a conflict erupted between them. He was succeeded by his son Esekhu (died 1425).

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ 東京外国語大学. アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所-アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究, Issues 27–30, p. 152.
  2. ^ List of Mongolian rulers
  3. ^ C. P. Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, list of heads of Mongolia
  4. ^ a b Ed. Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8, p. 227.
  • René Grousset - Empire of Steppes
  • Ж.Бор - Монгол хийгээд Евразийн дипломат шаштир БОТЬ 3
Regnal titles
Preceded by Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty
1402–1408 		Succeeded by
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