Øresundståg

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Øresundståg

An Øresundståg at Copenhagen Central Station
Overview
Status	Regional train (Sweden) Commuter train (Denmark)
Locale	Øresund Region
Current operator(s)	SJ Öresund
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Rake maintenance	Amager (Denmark) Hässleholm (Sweden)[1]
Route map Legend Gothenburg Central Station Timetable 100 Mölndal Timetable 100 Kungsbacka Timetable 100 Åsa Timetable 100 Varberg Timetable 100 Falkenberg Timetable 100 Halmstad Timetable 100 Kalmar Timetable 95 Nybro Timetable 95 Emmaboda Timetable 95 Karlskrona Timetable 90 Timetable 90 Ronneby Timetable 90 Bräkne-Hoby Timetable 90 Karlshamn Timetable 90 Mörrum Timetable 90 Sölvesborg Timetable 90 Bromölla Timetable 90 Kristianstad Timetable 90 Lessebo Timetable 95 Hovmantorp Timetable 95 Växjö Timetable 95 Alvesta Timetable 95 Älmhult Timetable 95 Osby Timetable 95 Laholm Timetable 100 Båstad Timetable 100 Ängelholm Timetable 100 Helsingborg Timetable 100 Landskrona Timetable 100 Hässleholm Timetables 90 and 95 Höör Timetable 95 Eslöv Timetable 95 Lund Central Station Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Malmö Central Station Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Triangeln Hyllie Öresund Bridge Border: Sweden/Denmark Drogden Tunnel Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Tårnby Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Ørestad Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Copenhagen Central Station Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Nørreport Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Østerport Timetables 90, 95, 100 and 101 Hellerup Timetable 101 Klampenborg Skodsborg Vedbæk Rungsted Kyst Kokkedal Timetable 101 Nivå Timetable 101 Humlebæk Timetable 101 Espergærde Timetable 101 Snekkersten Timetable 101 Helsingør Timetable 101 Only trains which originate in Copenhagen Airport (rush hour also from Sweden) stop between Hellerup and Kokkedal. The timetable numbers are used in Swedish timetables. They are not used by any Danish operator.

Copenhagen Airport is also a train stop of the Øresund Line

Øresundståg (Danish pronunciation: [ˈøːɐsɔnsˌtsʰɔˀw], Swedish pronunciation: [œrɛˈsɵ̂nːdsˌtoːɡ]) is a passenger train network operated by DSB and SJ Öresund in the transnational Øresund Region of Denmark and Sweden. The name is a hybrid of the Danish Øresundstog and the Swedish Öresundståg, both meaning "Øresund train". The rolling stock, also known as Class ET in Denmark and X31K or X32K in Sweden, are electric passenger trainsets in the Flexliner family. The maximum speed is 180 km/h.

Operations[]

Three trains per hour cross the Øresund Bridge each way. Trains run at 20-minute intervals between Elsinore via Copenhagen in Denmark to Malmö and Lund in southern Sweden, increasing to six trains per hour during rush hours. From Lund, the trains continue hourly in three directions, to Gothenburg, to Kalmar and to Karlskrona. After midnight, traffic is reduced to one hourly train between Østerport in Copenhagen and Lund.

Each train consists of up to three 79-metre-long units coupled together, each with 229 seats, providing a capacity of max 4122 seats per hour. This has turned out to be insufficient, as differences in salaries and house prices between Copenhagen and Malmö have resulted in an unexpected increase of cross-border commuting.

The trains cannot be lengthened because of platform length constraints. And increasing frequency beyond six trains per hour is not possible because there are only two platform tracks to share with other trains at the stations Nørreport, Ørestad, Kastrup Airport and Triangeln. Increasingly, people have to stand during rush hours, into Copenhagen in the morning and towards Malmö in the afternoon, which beside the inconvenience also raises security-concerns.

The network covers 854 kilometres (531 mi) of railway. In Denmark, the trains run on the Coast Line and the Øresund Line, between Nivå and the Airport in 10-minute frequency. In Sweden, they run through the Malmö City Tunnel, and on the Southern Main Line to Lund. From Lund, most Øresundståg services continue to either Gothenburg, Kalmar, or Karlskrona, using the West Coast Line, the Southern Main Line, the Coast-to-Coast Line or the .

Passengers can encounter both Danish and Swedish staff on the trains over the Øresund Bridge. Tickets can be bought from either country. For travel inside one of the Swedish counties or inside Denmark, the local traffic authority tickets are used. For travel across country borders special Øresundståg tickets are used, which are sold by the local traffic authority at selected locations.

Until December 2019, the trains were operated by Transdev in Sweden and by DSB in Denmark. In December 2019, Swedish rail operator SJ Öresund, a subsidiary of the state-owned operator SJ, took over the operations in Sweden. Since December 2021, SJ Öresund operates the majority of the network, with trains to and from Österport in Denmark.^[2]

Controversies[]

On 27 June 2007 it was decided that DSBFirst was to assume responsibility from 2009 for the running of all Øresundståg services on the Øresund Line and connected destinations. DSBFirst started operations on 11 January 2009. In 2011, the Danish and Swedish ministries of transport instructed DSBFirst Sweden to cease operating the Swedish part of the service from 10 December 2011^[3][4] Veolia Transport took over the Swedish side and DSBFirst Denmark's services passed to DSB Øresund. The Øresundståg operation has suffered from financial problems as well as delays and cancelled trains on both the Danish and Swedish part of its network,^[5][6][7][8] notably during the 2010 winter.

Öresundståg passes a field in Skåne in May 2014.

On the Danish side the trains stop often, about every 4 km, like a commuter train. On the Swedish side the trains stop much less often, more like inter-city trains, and they reach stations about 300 km from Copenhagen, such as Gothenburg, Kalmar and Karlskrona. Most travellers in Sweden use it like a regional train for work commuting and similar shorter journeys, and local monthly passes are valid on the train.

The combination of routes of an inter-city nature in Sweden with commuter-like routes in Denmark is often a source of trouble. The long-distance trains from Sweden often accumulate delays during the long journey. But delays cause trouble to commuter passengers having fixed work hours and not wishing to add long margins, since they travel every day. Therefore, DSBFirst nowadays have stand-by trains ready at Kastrup that run to Helsingør if the train from Sweden is delayed. In these circumstances the train from Sweden is terminated early and does not continue to Helsingør.

Because of the complexity involved in the Øresundståg operation and the result of delays on the Danish side of the network, the decision has been taken to split the operations when the current concession ends in December 2021.^[9] The Danish services would be tendered by the Danish authorities, while Skånetrafiken will be responsible for the tendering process for the international and Swedish services.

Competitors[]

Between Gothenburg and Malmö (until 2012 to Copenhagen, but not to Helsingør), SJ AB (the Swedish national railway) operates competing trains. From 2009 they have different tickets compared to the Øresundståg services. SJ runs X2000 trains via Hässleholm, and from 2009-2011 SJ ran intercity IC3 (X31) trains using via Helsingborg. Confusingly, the IC3 train type is often referred to as the "Öresundståg". Different tickets are needed. There was a similar situation with DSB's "Intercity Bornholm" trains to Ystad, which did not accept Øresundståg tickets despite the "Øresundstog" rolling stock used.

ID checks from Denmark to Sweden[]

In response to the European migrant crisis the Swedish government mandated ID checks on all trains coming from Denmark from December 2015. As checks performed by the Swedish police took up to 20 minutes per train, timetables were severely disrupted. Beginning on 4 January 2016, transport operators would be fined if any improperly documented people were found to be brought into Sweden. As a result, DSB restructured the timetable, constructed a fence between the platforms at CPH Airport station, and introduced its own ID checks in order to gain entrance to the Malmö-bound platform at CPH Airport station. The frequency of trains across the bridge has been reduced to a maximum of 3 tph. Apart from the reduced frequency, services from Sweden to Denmark run as usual to Helsingør during the day and Østerport in the evenings, with no ID checks entering Denmark. Since 4 May 2017 the line had changed to perform ID checks only at Malmö Hyllie station for trains travelling to Sweden. To travel from København H to CPH Airport, passengers could use the Copenhagen S-trains or the 3tph shuttle between CPH Airport and Nivå (which runs to Helsingør at a lower frequency in the evenings when trains from Sweden do not go farther). This shuttle reverses on the Danish-bound platform at CPH Airport, and maintains a 6tph service north of København H.^[10][11]

On the Swedish side, trains are timetabled to wait 20 minutes at Malmö Hyllie where the Swedish police check ID of alighting passengers (who could change to a Pågatåg service to reach their destination faster), then board to check the ID of remaining passengers.^[12][13]

Rolling stock[]

ET / X31K[]

The trains used are the fourth and latest generation of the IC3 family of multiple units, specifically designed for use in regional traffic in areas connected by the Øresund Line. They are electrically powered, and can run on both the Danish power supply (25 kV 50 Hz AC) and the Swedish power supply (15 kV 16⅔ Hz AC). Named Contessa by its manufacturer Bombardier,^[14] they are designated Litra ET in Denmark and Littera X31K (where X means electric multiple unit, and K means allowed to go to Copenhagen) in Sweden. The chassis is manufactured entirely of stainless steel, painted in a light shade of gray. Roughly half of the trains are owned by DSB and the other half by Transdev.

They are multiple units manufactured by Bombardier Transportation in Kalmar, previously known as Kalmar Verkstad and later in Hennigsdorf by LEW Hennigsdorf.

Each trainset is 79 metres long and weighs about 157 tonnes. The trainset consists of three carriages, giving a weight of about 52 tonnes per unit. Eight of the train's 12 axles are powered, which gives good acceleration. The train's top speed is 180 km/h. Each train costs 67 million Swedish kronor (2006), equivalent to 22 million kronor per unit.

The trainset has a total of 237 seats (79 per carriage), of which some are in a low floor carriage in the middle.

The train type is nicknamed "Øresundstog / Öresundståg" (Danish / Swedish), but they are used not only for services on the Øresundståg network, but also for some local Scania traffic, for the DSB intercity trains Copenhagen-Ystad, and formerly for some of SJ's Copenhagen-Gothenburg intercity trains. Even though these other trains do not in fact form part of the Øresundståg network, they often referred to by that name. In the summertime they are nicknamed "the longest sauna in Sweden" due to inoperative climate control.

All trains are maintained at the Helgoland depot in Amager and since May 2020 also at a new purpose-built depot in Hässleholm.

X32[]

Due to a higher demand for comfort on the long-distance trains serving the line between Malmö and Ängelholm, SJ introduced the short-lived X32, a long-distance version of the X31. It had better comfort at the cost of less capacity. The second class section used seats from the first class section of the X31, while the first class section in the X32 used a more classic interior similar to the X2000 highspeed EMU. These trainsets entered service in 2006 and did not have permission to go to Denmark due to the interior being unsuitable for the commuter services in Denmark. However, as more passengers started commuting between Denmark and Sweden, there was a need for extra trainsets so in 2007 all X32 were rebuilt into standard X31 sets.

• 

  Malmö Central Station

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  Copenhagen Airport

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  Interior

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  Copenhagen Central Station

• 

  Lund Central Station

References[]

External links[]

• Official Swedish website of Öresundståg (in English and Swedish)