100 Orders

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 100 Orders are "binding instructions or directives to the Iraqi people that create penal consequences or have a direct bearing on the way Iraqis are regulated, including changes to Iraqi law"[1] created in early 2004 by Paul Bremer under the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq. The orders called for the de-Baathification of Iraq as well as extensive economic changes. Most of the economic changes are focused on transitioning the economy of Iraq from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, as outlined in the contract by BearingPoint:

"It should be clearly understood that the efforts undertaken will be designed to establish the basic legal framework for a functioning market economy; taking appropriate advantage of the unique opportunity for rapid progress in this area presented by the current configuration of political circumstances... Reforms are envisioned in the areas of fiscal reform, financial sector reform, trade, legal and regulatory, and privatization."[2]

List of Orders[]

  • Order 1: De-Ba'athification of Iraqi Society
  • Order 2: Dissolution of Entities
  • : Weapons Control - Bans possession of heavy weapons, and possession of small arms except at home or in a place of work; exceptions granted for Coalition personnel and for Iraqi police and soldiers; establishes weapons collection programme. CPA Memorandum 5 (1 September 2003) governs aspects of implementation.[3]
  • : Management of Property and Assets of the Iraqi Baath Party (Rescinded per Order 100 Sec 4) (28 June 2004)
  • : Establishment of the Iraqi De-Baathification Council (Rescinded per Memo 7 Sec 3) (25 May 2003)
  • : Eviction of Persons Illegally Occupying Public Buildings (Rescinded per Order 100 Sec 4) (28 June 2004)
  • : Penal Code (10 June 2003)
  • : Traveling Abroad for Academic Purposes (7 June 2003) - removed all restrictions on foreign travel for students and academics (7 June 2003)
  • : Management and Use of Iraqi Public Property (Revised) (27 June 2004)
  • : Management of Detention and Prison Facilities (5 June 2003)
  • : Licensing Telecommunications Services and Equipment (Rescinded per Order 100 Sec 4) (28 June 2004)
  • : Trade Liberalization Policy (Annex) (Rescinded per Order 54 Sec 3 Para 4) (26 February 2004)
  • : The Central Criminal Court of Iraq (Revised)(Amended) (22 April 2004)
  • : Prohibited Media Activity (10 June 2003)
  • : Establishment of the Judicial Review Committee (23 June 2003)
  • : Temporary Control of Iraqi Borders, Ports and Airports (13 June 2004)
  • Order 17: Status of the Coalition Provisional Authority, MNF–Iraq, Certain Missions and Personnel in Iraq
  • : Measures to Ensure the Independence of the Central Bank of Iraq (7 July 2003)
  • : Freedom of Assembly (10 July 2003)
  • : Trade Bank of Iraq (17 July 2003)
  • : Interim Exercise of Baghdad Mayoral Authority (Rescinded per Order 100 Sec 4) (6 August 2003)
  • : Creation of a New Iraqi Army (Order 22, 7 August 2003)
  • : Creation of a New Code of Military Discipline for the New Iraqi Army, 23 August 2003, Annex A (7 September 2003)
  • : Ministry of Science and Technology (24 August 2003)
  • : Confiscation of Property Used In Or Resulting From Certain Crimes (3 September 2003)
  • : Creation of Department of Border Enforcement (1 September 2003)
  • : Establishment of the Facilities Protection Service (7 September 2003)
  • : Establishment of the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps (9 September 2003)
  • : Amendment To Law Of Estate Lease (7 September 2003)
  • : Reform of Salaries and Employment with Annex A (8 September 2003)
  • : Modifications Of Penal Code and Criminal Proceedings Law (10 September 2003)
  • : Legal Department of the Ministry of Justice (4 September 2003)
  • : Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works (8 September 2003)
  • : Amendment To Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2 (13 September 2003)
  • : Re-Establishment of the Council of Judges (18 September 2003)
  • : Regulation of Oil Distribution (Annex A) (3 October 2003)
  • : Suspension of most taxes (including income tax and property rent tax) from April–December 2003 (21 September 2003).
  • : Reconstruction Levy (Amended per Order 70) (4 April 2004)
  • : Foreign Investment (Amended by Order 46) (20 December 2003) - liberalized trade [and proclaimed] "the independence of the central bank; set rules for the new currency and securities markets; declared policies for trademarks, patents, copyrights, public contracts, and debt resolution; and privatized state enterprises, thus establishing the basic conditions for the neoliberal political economy that the United States meant to launch in Iraq.[4]
  • : Bank Law with Annex A (Rescinded per Order 94 Sec 3) (19 September 2003)
  • : Notification of Criminal Offenses (19 September 2003)
  • : Creation of the Defense Support Agency (23 September 2003) New body, under CPA control, to provide legal, medical, financial, logistical, recruitment, training and property management support to the Iraqi army
  • : New Iraqi Dinar Banknotes (14 October 2003)
  • : Establishment of The Ministry of Environment (14 November 2003)
  • : Non-Governmental Organizations (Amended per Order 61) (23 February 2004)
  • : Amendment of CPA Order 39 on Foreign Investment (20 December 2003)
  • : Amendment of CPA Order 38 on Reconstruction Levy (Rescinded per Order 70 Sec 2) (4 April 2004)
  • : Delegation of Authority Regarding Establishment of an Iraqi Special Tribunal with Appendix A (10 December 2003)
  • : Tax Strategy for 2004 with Annex A and Explanatory Notes (Amended per Order 84 Sec 3) (20 February 2004)
  • : Creation of Ministry of Displacement and Migration (11 January 2004)
  • : Suspension of Exclusive Agency Status of Iraqi State Company for Water Transportation (14 January 2004)
  • : Pensions for Judges and Prosecutors who die while holding Office (8 January 2004)
  • : Public Defender's Fees (18 January 2004)
  • : Trade Liberalization Policy 2004 with Annex A (Amended per Order 70) (4 April 2004)
  • : Delegation of Authority Regarding the Iraq Commission on Public Integrity (28 January 2004)
  • : Central Bank Law with Annex A (6 March 2004)
  • : Iraqi Inspectors General (10 February 2004)
  • : Maysan and Muthanna Courts of Appeal (10 February 2004)
  • : Protection and fair Incentives for Government Whistleblowers (1 June 2004)
  • : Establishment of the Ministry of Human Rights (22 February 2004)
  • : Amendment to Order 45 [Rescinded per Order 100 Sec 4] (28 June 2004)
  • : Disqualification From Public Office (Rescinded per Order 100 Sec 4) (28 June 2004)
  • : Public Sector Death and Disability Benefits (6 March 2004)
  • : Amendment to the Company Law No. (21 of 1997) with Annex A (5 March 2004)
  • : Iraqi Communications and Media Commission (20 March 2004)
  • : Iraq Public Service Broadcasting (20 March 2004)
  • : Ministry of Defense (21 March 2004)
  • : Ministerial Committee for National Security (4 April 2004)
  • : Delegation of Authority Regarding Establishment of the Iraqi National Intelligence Service (1 April 2004)
  • : Order 69 Annex A (2 April 2004)
  • : Amendments to Reconstruction Levy (4 April 2004)
  • : Local Governmental Powers (Appendix not available) (6 April 2004)
  • : Iraqi Radioactive Source Regulatory Authority (15 June 2004)
  • : Transfer of the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps to the Ministry of Defence (25 April 2004)
  • : Interim Law on Securities Markets (19 April 2004)
  • : Realignment of Military Industrial Companies with Annex A (20 April 2004)
  • : Consolidations of State-Owned Enterprises with Annex A (28 May 2004)
  • : Board of Supreme Audit (25 April 2004)
  • : Facilitation of Court-Supervised Debt Resolution Procedures (20 April 2004)
  • : The Iraqi Nonproliferation Programs Foundation with Annex (19 June 2004)
  • : Amendment to the Trademarks and Descriptions Law No. (21 of 1957) (26 April 2004)
  • : Patent, Industrial Design, Undisclosed Information, Integrated Circuits and Plant Variety Law (26 April 2004) - According to Order 81, paragraph 66 – [B], issued by L. Paul Bremer [CFR], the people in Iraq are now prohibited from saving newly designed seeds (not the traditional ones) and may only plant seeds for their food from licensed, authorized U.S. distributors.[5]
  • : Iraqi National Foundation for Remembrance (28 April 2004)
  • : Amendment to the Copyright Law (1 May 2004)
  • : Amendments to CPA Order No. 37 and CPA Order No. 49 (30 April 2004)
  • : Traffic Code with Annex A (20 May 2004)
  • : Public Contracts (16 May 2004)
  • : Rights of Judicial Officials to Return to the Judiciary After Certain Government Service (12 May 2004)
  • : Amendments to the Labor Code Law No. (71 of 1987) (30 May 2004)
  • : Special Task Force for Compensating Victims of the Previous Regime (29 May 2004)
  • : Regulation of Armed Forces and Militias within Iraq (7 June 2004) - Established a process to incorporate militias into the Iraqi Armed Forces and other Iraqi security forces (June 2, 2004)
  • : The Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (31 May 2004)
  • : Anti-Money Laudering Act of 2004 with Annex A (3 June 2004)
  • : Banking Law of 2004 with Annex A (7 June 2004)
  • : Financial Management Law and Public Debt Law with Annex A and B (4 June 2004)
  • : The Electoral Law (15 June 2004)
  • : Political Parties and Entities Law (15 June 2004)
  • : Iraqi Ombudsman for Penal and Detention Matters (27 June 2004)
  • : Joint Detainee Committee (27 June 2004)
  • : Transition of Laws, Regulations, Orders, and Directives Issued by the CPA (28 June 2004)

References[]

  1. ^ "CPA Official Documents". Cpa-iraq.org. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
  2. ^ Foreign Policy in Focus / By Antonia Juhasz. "The Handover That Wasn't". Alternet.org. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
  3. ^ "Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) - CASI Iraq Forum".
  4. ^ Michael MacDonald, Overreach, Delusions of Regime Change in Iraq (Berlin, Boston: Harvard University Press, 2014), 41.
  5. ^ Jeffrey Keating (3 February 2012), Dahlia Wasfi: Ain't Nothin' Green About the Green Zone, retrieved 11 October 2018

External links[]

Retrieved from ""