1874 in science

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List of years in science (table)

The year 1874 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy[]

Chemistry[]

Exploration[]

History of science[]

Mathematics[]

  • Georg Cantor's paper, "Ueber eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen" ("On a Property of the Collection of All Real Algebraic Numbers"), published in Crelle's Journal, considered as the origin of set theory[6]
  • William Stanley Jevons publishes his comprehensive treatise on logic, The Principles of Science[7]
  • Sofia Kovalevskaya is awarded a doctorate in mathematics at the University of Göttingen, the first woman in Europe to hold that degree. Her submission includes a paper on partial differential equations containing a presentation of the Cauchy-Kovalevski theorem.[8]

Medicine[]

Neuroscience[]

Physics[]

Psychology[]

  • Franz Brentano publishes Psychologie vom Empirischen Standpunkte (Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint)

Technology[]

  • May 20 – Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a United States patent for blue denim jeans with copper rivets
  • July 1 – Sholes and Glidden typewriter, with cylindrical platen and QWERTY keyboard, first marketed, in the United States
  • July 4 – official opening of Eads Bridge (combined road and rail steel arch) over the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, designed by James B. Eads. It is the longest arch bridge in the world at this time, with an overall length of 6,442 feet (1,964 m); the first use of true steel as a primary structural material in a major bridge project;[13] the first built using cantilever support methods exclusively; and the first major project to make use of pneumatic caissons.
  • Invention of barbed wire by Joseph Glidden

Awards[]

Births[]

Deaths[]

References[]

  1. ^ DDT and its derivatives, Environmental Health Criteria monograph No. 009, Geneva: World Health Organization, 1979, ISBN 92-4-154069-9
  2. ^ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
  3. ^ The Foundations of Stereo Chemistry: Memoirs by Pasteur, van 't Hoff, Lebel and Wislicenus. New York: American Book Co. 1901.
  4. ^ Jones, Max (2003). The Last Great Quest. Oxford University Press. pp. 56–57. ISBN 0-19-280483-9.
  5. ^ McGonigal, David (2009). Antarctica: Secrets of the Southern Continent. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 289. ISBN 0-7112-2980-5.
  6. ^ Johnson, Phillip E. (1972). "The Genesis and Development of Set Theory". The Two-Year College Mathematics Journal. 3 (1): 55–62.
  7. ^ Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (2000). The Search for Mathematical Roots, 1870–1940. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05858-0.
  8. ^ Cooke, Roger (1984). The Mathematics of Sonya Kovalevskaya. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-96030-9.
  9. ^ Elston, M. A. (2004). "Hoggan, Frances Elizabeth (1843–1927)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/46422. Retrieved 2012-06-22. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  10. ^ Elston, M. A. (2004). "Edinburgh Seven (act. 1869–1873)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
  11. ^ Autobiography of A. T. Still. Rev. ed., Kirksille, MO (1908).
  12. ^ Maxwell, James Clerk; Harman, P. M. (2002), The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Volume 3; 1874-1879, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-25627-5, p. 148: "I have just finished a clay model of a fancy surface, showing the solid, liquid, and gaseous states, and the continuity of liquid and gaseous states." (letter to Thomas Andrews, November 1874).
  13. ^ DeLony, Eric. "Context for World Heritage Bridges". International Council on Monuments and Sites. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
  14. ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
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