1968 Republic of the Congo coup d'état

1968 Republic of the Congo coup d'état
Date	September 4, 1968
Location	Republic of the Congo
Result	Coup succeeds; Alphonse Massamba-Débat arrested;
Belligerents
Government of the Republic of the Congo	Army faction; Prime Minister Alfred Raoul

On September 4, 1968, following several days of violent clashes, Alphonse Massamba-Débat's government was overthrown by the military who forced Massamba-Débat to resign.^[1]^[2] Alfred Raoul then became the acting head of state until January 1969 when Marien Ngouabi, the chairman of the same party that had brought Massamba-Débat to power, assumed control.^[3]

References[]

^ Lentz, Harris M. (2013). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 (3rd Edition). Routledge. p. 192. ISBN 1-884964-44-3.
^ Gleijeses, Piero (2002). Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-1976. University of North Carolina Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-8078-5464-6.
^ History Database Search,Massamba-Débat, Alphonse,http://www.fofweb.com/History/HistRefMain.asp?iPin=MWLI237&SID=2&DatabaseName=Modern+World+History+Online&InputText=%22scientific+socialism%22&SearchStyle=&dTitle=Massamba-D%26%23233%3Bbat%2C+Alphonse&TabRecordType=Biography&BioCountPass=2&SubCountPass=7&DocCountPass=0&ImgCountPass=0&MapCountPass=0&FedCountPass=&MedCountPass=0&NewsCountPass=0&RecPosition=2&AmericanData=&WomenData=&AFHCData=&IndianData=&WorldData=Set&AncientData=&GovernmentData= Archived 2015-07-22 at the Wayback Machine

[Lentz-1] Lentz, Harris M. (2013). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 (3rd Edition). Routledge. p. 192. ISBN 1-884964-44-3.

[Gleijeses-2] Gleijeses, Piero (2002). Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-1976. University of North Carolina Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-8078-5464-6.

[3] History Database Search,Massamba-Débat, Alphonse,http://www.fofweb.com/History/HistRefMain.asp?iPin=MWLI237&SID=2&DatabaseName=Modern+World+History+Online&InputText=%22scientific+socialism%22&SearchStyle=&dTitle=Massamba-D%26%23233%3Bbat%2C+Alphonse&TabRecordType=Biography&BioCountPass=2&SubCountPass=7&DocCountPass=0&ImgCountPass=0&MapCountPass=0&FedCountPass=&MedCountPass=0&NewsCountPass=0&RecPosition=2&AmericanData=&WomenData=&AFHCData=&IndianData=&WorldData=Set&AncientData=&GovernmentData= Archived 2015-07-22 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

show v t Coups d'état in Africa since 1960
1960s	Republic of the Congo (1960)^c Ethiopia (1960) French Algeria (1961) Somalia (1961) Dahomey (1963)^c Togo (1963)^c Gabon (1964)^c Zanzibar (1964)^c Algeria (1965)^c Burundi (1965) Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965) Central African Republic (1965–66)^c Burundi (July 1966)^c Burundi (November 1966)^c Ghana (1966)^c Upper Volta (1966)^c Nigeria (January 1966)^c Nigeria (July 1966)^c Republic of the Congo (1966) Ghana (1967) Togo (1967)^c Mali (1968)^c Republic of the Congo (1968)^c Sudan (1969)^c Libya (September 1969)^c Somalia (1969)^c Libya (December 1969)
1970s	Lesotho (1970)^‡c Libya (1970) Uganda (1971)^c Morocco (1971) Sudan (1971)^c Uganda (1972) Dahomey (1972)^c Ghana (1972)^c Morocco (1972) Republic of the Congo (1972) Rwanda (1973)^c Uganda (1974) Niger (1974)^c Ethiopia (1974)^c ^c Nigeria (1975)^c Chad (1975)^c ^c Burundi (1976)^c Nigeria (1976) Benin (1977) ^c Seychelles (1977)^c Sudan (1977) Uganda (1977) Somalia (1978) ^c Ghana (1978)^‡c Mauritania (1978)^c Mauritania (1979)^c Ghana (1979)^c Equatorial Guinea (1979)^c Central African Republic (1979)^c
1980s	Mauritania (1980)^c Liberia (1980)^c Guinea-Bissau (1980)^c Upper Volta (1980)^c Mauritania (1981) Gambia (1981) Central African Republic (1981)^c Ghana (1981)^c Seychelles (1981) Central African Republic (1982) Kenya (1982) Upper Volta (1982)^c Upper Volta (February 1983) Upper Volta (August 1983)^c Nigeria (1983)^c Mauritania (1984)^c Cameroon (1984) Guinea (1984)^c Uganda (1985)^c Nigeria (1985)^c Sudan (1985)^c Liberia (1985) Lesotho (1986)^c Togo (1986) Burkina Faso (1987)^c Burundi (1987)^c Republic of the Congo (1987) Tunisia (1987)^c Sudan (1989)^c Burkina Faso (1989) Ethiopia (1989)
1990s	Sudan (1990) Nigeria (1990) Zambia (1990) Chad (1990)^c Mali (1991)^c Lesotho (1991)^c Sierra Leone (1992)^c Algeria (1992) Burundi (1993) Nigeria (1993)^c Gambia (1994)^c ^‡ Comoros (1995) São Tomé and Príncipe (1995) Sierra Leone (1996)^c Burundi (1996)^c Niger (1996)^c Zambia (1997) ^c Lesotho (1998) Niger (1999)^c Côte d'Ivoire (1999)^c
2000s	Burundi (2001) Central African Republic (2001) Central African Republic (2003)^c Mauritania (2003) Guinea-Bissau (2003)^c São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) Burkina Faso (2003) Chad (2004) Sudan (2004) Equatorial Guinea (2004) Mauritania (2005)^c Chad (2006) Madagascar (2006) Guinea (2008)^c Mauritania (2008)^c Madagascar (2009)^c
2010s	Niger (2010)^c Guinea-Bissau (2010)^c Democratic Republic of the Congo (2011) Niger (2011) Guinea-Bissau (2011) Mali (2012)^c Guinea-Bissau (2012)^c Sudan (2012) Chad (2013) Egypt (2013)^c Libya (October 2013) Central African Republic (2013)^c South Sudan (2013) Libya (2014) Lesotho (2014) The Gambia (2014) Burundi (2015) Burkina Faso (2015) Burkina Faso (2016) Libya (2016) The Gambia (2016–17)^‡ Zimbabwe (2017)^c Gabon (2019) Sudan (2019)^c Ethiopia (2019)
2020s	Mali (2020)^c Central African Republic (2021) Niger (2021) Mali (2021)^c Guinea (2021)^c
^c: successful coup ^‡ self-coup no sign for attempted coup