2-10-10-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotive wheel arrangements, a 2-10-10-2 is a locomotive with two leading wheels, two sets of ten driving wheels, and a pair of trailing wheels.
Other equivalent classifications are:
- UIC classification: 1EE1 (also known as German classification and Swiss classification)
- Italian and French classification: 150+051
- Turkish classification: 56+56
- Swiss classification: 5/6+5/6
The equivalent UIC classification is refined to (1′E)E1′ for Mallet locomotives. All 2-10-10-2 locomotives have been articulated locomotives, Mallet locomotives in particular.
This wheel arrangement was rare. Only two classes of 2-10-10-2 locomotives have been built; the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's 3000 class, and the Virginian Railway's class AE. The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 3000 class unfortunately performed poorly, and therefore were rebuilt back to the original 2-10-2s they came from between 1915-1918, after only being in service for approximately 3-7 years. None of these survived into preservation. The Virginian Railway Class AE were much more successful, providing between 25-31 years of service, where some were scrapped from 1943-1945, and the rest were scrapped from 1947 to 1949. None were preserved.
ATSF 3000 class[]
ATSF 3000 class | |||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() ATSF 3000 class 2-10-10-2. The forward section of the boiler is actually a primitive superheater and feedwater heater | |||||||||||||||||||||
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This class of ten 2-10-10-2 locomotives were actually rebuilt from more conventional 2-10-2 Baldwin-built locomotives by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in 1911 to 1912.
The ATSF 2-10-10-2's, #3000 class locomotives, were the largest locomotives in the world from 1911 to 1914.
Despite being good for helper service, they could only go 10 to 15mph before losing steam, resulting in the locomotives being rebuilt to 2-10-2s during 1915–1918.
Virginian Railway class AE86[]
Virginian Class AE86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Virginian Class AE86 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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These ten locomotives were built in 1918 by ALCO for the Virginian Railway. With a width of 144 inches (3,658 mm), they were delivered without their cabs and front low-pressure cylinders; and were assembled after delivery. The 48-inch (1,219 mm) low-pressure cylinders (on 90-inch or 2,286-millimetre centers) were the largest on any US locomotive; the cylinders had to be inclined a few degrees to provide clearance.[1] The boiler was also the largest diameter of any locomotive; Railway Mech Engnr says "the outside diameter of the largest course is 112+7⁄8 inches (2,867 mm)." but the drawing shows 118+1⁄2 inches (3,010 mm) diameter at the rear tube sheet. The size of the fuel tenders was short so the locomotive would fit on the Virginian's existing turntables.
This class were compound Mallet locomotives. The rear, high-pressure cylinders exhausted their steam into the huge front cylinders. They could also be operated in simple mode for starting; reduced-pressure steam could be sent straight from the boiler to the front cylinders at low speed, for maximum tractive effort.
The calculated tractive effort was 147,200 lb (66,800 kg) in compound; or 176,600 lb (80,100 kg) in simple for the Virginian locomotives.[2]
The class remained in service until the 1940s. No locomotive example of this type survived into preservation.[1]
References[]
- ^ a b c Bruce, Alfred. The Steam Locomotive in America: Its Development in the Twentieth Century. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 321, photo 85.
- ^ Lewis, Lloyd D. (1993). Virginian Railway Locomotives (1 ed.). Marceline, Missouri: Walsworth Publishing Co. p. 32. ISBN 1-883089-05-0.
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2-10-10-2 locomotives. |
- Whyte notation
- Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway locomotives
- Virginian Railway locomotives
- Steam locomotives of the United States
- Railway locomotives introduced in 1911