2003 International Criminal Court judges election
An ordinary election for the first full bench of 18 judges of the International Criminal Court was held during the first resumption of the 1st session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in New York between 3 and 7 February 2003.[1]
Background[]
The judges elected at this election were to take office on 11 March 2003. Six judges were to remain in office until 2006 (re-eligible), six until 2009 (not re-eligible) and another six for the whole nine-year term until 2012 (not re-eligible).
The election was governed by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Its article 36(8)(a) states that "[t]he States Parties shall, in the selection of judges, take into account the need, within the membership of the Court, for:
- (i) The representation of the principal legal systems of the world;
- (ii) Equitable geographical representation; and
- (iii) A fair representation of female and male judges."
Furthermore, article 36(3)(b) and 36(5) provide for two lists:
- List A contains those judges that "[h]ave established competence in criminal law and procedure, and the necessary relevant experience, whether as judge, prosecutor, advocate or in other similar capacity, in criminal proceedings";
- List B contains those who "[h]ave established competence in relevant areas of international law such as international humanitarian law and the law of human rights, and extensive experience in a professional legal capacity which is of relevance to the judicial work of the Court".
Each candidate must belong to exactly one list.
Nomination process[]
Following the rules, the nomination period of judges for the 2003 election lasted from 9 September to 30 November 2002. The following persons were nominated:[2]
Name | Nationality | List A or B | Region | Gender |
René Blattmann | Bolivia | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male |
Argentina | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | |
Marc Bossuyt | Belgium | List B | Western European and Other States | Male |
Ireland | List A | Western European and Other States | Female | |
Romania | List B | Eastern European States | Male | |
Mali | List A | African States | Female | |
Mongolia | List B | Asian States | Male | |
Adrian Fulford | United Kingdom | List A | Western European and Other States | Male |
Greece | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | |
Bulgaria | List B | Eastern European States | Male | |
Cambodia | List B | Asian States | Male | |
Trinidad and Tobago | List A | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | |
Claude Jorda | France | List A | Western European and Other States | Male |
Ivo Josipović | Croatia | List B | Eastern European States | Male |
Nigeria | List A | African States | Male | |
Hungary | List A | Eastern European States | Female | |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | List A | African States | Male | |
Hans-Peter Kaul | Germany | List B | Western European and Other States | Male |
Philippe Kirsch | Canada | List B | Western European and Other States | Male |
Erkki Kourula | Finland | List B | Western European and Other States | Male |
Ghana | List B | African States | Female | |
Tanzania | List A | African States | Male | |
Peru | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | |
Senegal | List A | African States | Male | |
Rafael Nieto Navia | Colombia | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male |
Uganda | List B | African States | Male | |
Elizabeth Odio Benito | Costa Rica | List A | Latin American and Caribbean States | Female |
Switzerland | List A | Western European and Other States | Female | |
Cyprus | List A | Asian States | Male | |
Navanethem Pillay | South Africa | List B | African States | Female |
Italy | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | |
Portugal | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | |
Venezuela | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | |
Nigeria | List A | African States | Male | |
Samoa | List A | Asian States | Male | |
Gambia | List B | African States | Male | |
Sang-hyun Song | South Korea | List A | Asian States | Male |
Brazil | List A | Latin American and Caribbean States | Female | |
Fiji | List A | Asian States | Male | |
Anita Ušacka | Latvia | List B | Eastern European States | Female |
Spain | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | |
Poland | List A | Eastern European States | Female | |
Boštjan Zupančič | Slovenia | List A | Eastern European States | Male |
The candidature of of Benin was withdrawn.
Minimum voting requirements[]
Minimum voting requirements governed part of the election. This was to ensure that article 36(8)(a) cited above is fulfilled. The following minimum voting requirements existed:
Regarding the List A or B requirement, there was a minimum voting requirement (not to be waived at any time) of nine judges from List A and five judges from List B.[3]
Regarding the regional criteria, there were minimum voting requirements for three African, two Asian, two Eastern European judges, three Latin American and Caribbean judges and three judges from Western European and Other States.
Regarding the gender criteria, there was a minimum voting requirement for six female and six male judges.
The voting requirements were as follows:
Criterion | Voting requirement ex ante | Candidates as of now | Adjusted voting requirement | Adjusted requirement equals ex ante? |
Lists A or B | ||||
List A | 9 | 22 | 9 | Yes |
List B | 6 | 22 | 6 | Yes |
Regional criteria | ||||
African states | 3 | 11 | 3 | Yes |
Asian states | 2 | 6 | 2 | Yes |
Eastern European states | 2 | 7 | 2 | Yes |
Latin American and Caribbean States | 3 | 8 | 3 | Yes |
Western European and other States | 3 | 12 | 3 | Yes |
Gender criteria | ||||
Female | 6 | 10 | 6 | Yes |
Male | 6 | 34 | 6 | Yes |
Ballots[]
The ballots took place in February 2003.
Name | Nationality | List A or B | Region | Gender | 1st round | 2nd round | 3rd round | 4th round | 5th round | 6th round | 7th round | 8th round | 9th round | 10th round | 11th round |
Number of States Parties voting | 83 | 80 | 83 | 83 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | ||||
Two-thirds majority | 56 | 54 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | ||||
Ireland | List A | Western European and Other States | Female | 65 | elected | ||||||||||
Mali | List A | African States | Female | 65 | elected | ||||||||||
Sang-hyun Song | South Korea | List A | Asian States | Male | 63 | elected | |||||||||
Brazil | List A | Latin American and Caribbean States | Female | 61 | elected | ||||||||||
Ghana | List B | African States | Female | 60 | elected | ||||||||||
Elizabeth Odio Benito | Costa Rica | List A | Latin American and Caribbean States | Female | 60 | elected | |||||||||
Navanethem Pillay | South Africa | List B | African States | Female | 56 | elected | |||||||||
Trinidad and Tobago | List A | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | 53 | 49 | 56 | elected | ||||||||
Cyprus | List A | Asian States | Male | 43 | 47 | 50 | 60 | elected | |||||||
Philippe Kirsch | Canada | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | 55 | 46 | 54 | 57 | elected | ||||||
Erkki Kourula | Finland | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | 51 | 53 | 54 | 56 | elected | ||||||
Adrian Fulford | United Kingdom | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | 42 | 45 | 47 | 50 | 50 | 54 | 53 | 52 | 59 | elected | |
Anita Ušacka | Latvia | List B | Eastern European States | Female | 46 | 31 | 37 | 52 | 49 | 51 | 50 | 55 | 59 | elected | |
Hans-Peter Kaul | Germany | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | 43 | 45 | 48 | 47 | 54 | 50 | 50 | 46 | 57 | elected | |
René Blattmann | Bolivia | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | 30 | 27 | 30 | 39 | 48 | 51 | 51 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 49 |
Italy | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | 46 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 54 | 44 | 41 | 42 | 49 | 47 | 47 | |
Claude Jorda | France | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | 43 | 43 | 43 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 46 | 43 | 46 | 45 | 45 |
Ivo Josipović | Croatia | List B | Eastern European States | Male | 26 | 30 | 39 | 47 | 49 | 42 | 41 | 39 | 45 | 44 | 38 |
Switzerland | List A | Western European and Other States | Female | 45 | 36 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 44 | 42 | 34 | 37 | 31 | 34 | |
Samoa | List A | Asian States | Male | 34 | 30 | 33 | 32 | 34 | 43 | 46 | 44 | 42 | 39 | 31 | |
Nigeria | List A | African States | Male | 30 | 19 | 21 | 30 | 27 | 37 | 37 | 33 | 36 | 29 | 30 | |
Senegal | List A | African States | Male | 39 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 19 | 18 | |
Cambodia | List B | Asian States | Male | 15 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | |
Argentina | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | 18 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | withdrawn | |||
Spain | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | 28 | 24 | 22 | 35 | 26 | 21 | 17 | withdrawn | ||||
Boštjan Zupančič | Slovenia | List A | Eastern European States | Male | 27 | 27 | 27 | 23 | 10 | withdrawn | |||||
Greece | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | 14 | 15 | 18 | 11 | 8 | withdrawn | ||||||
Hungary | List A | Eastern European States | Female | 35 | 26 | 24 | 20 | 8 | withdrawn | ||||||
Bulgaria | List B | Eastern European States | Male | 18 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 5 | withdrawn | ||||||
Poland | List A | Eastern European States | Female | 36 | 26 | 24 | 15 | 5 | withdrawn | ||||||
Romania | List B | Eastern European States | Male | 23 | 23 | 20 | 15 | withdrawn | |||||||
Venezuela | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | 20 | 9 | 10 | 8 | withdrawn | |||||||
Portugal | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | 28 | 24 | 19 | withdrawn | ||||||||
Rafael Nieto Navia | Colombia | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | 16 | 7 | 8 | withdrawn | |||||||
Nigeria | List A | African States | Male | 9 | 7 | 7 | withdrawn | ||||||||
Mongolia | List B | Asian States | Male | 27 | 11 | 6 | withdrawn | ||||||||
Fiji | List A | Asian States | Male | 14 | 7 | 6 | withdrawn | ||||||||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | List A | African States | Male | 14 | 8 | 5 | withdrawn | ||||||||
Peru | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | 18 | 10 | withdrawn | |||||||||
Marc Bossuyt | Belgium | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | 20 | 9 | withdrawn | ||||||||
Uganda | List B | African States | Male | 20 | 9 | withdrawn | |||||||||
Gambia | List B | African States | Male | 9 | withdrawn | ||||||||||
Tanzania | List A | African States | Male | 8 | withdrawn |
Name | Nationality | List A or B | Region | Gender | 12th round | 13th round | 14th round | 15th round | 16th round | 17th round | 18th round | 19th round | 20th round | 21st round | 22nd round |
Number of States Parties voting | 85 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 83 | ||||
Two-thirds majority | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | ||||
René Blattmann | Bolivia | List B | Latin American and Caribbean States | Male | 52 | 57 | elected | ||||||||
Italy | List B | Western European and Other States | Male | 48 | 46 | 45 | 48 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 58 | elected | |
Claude Jorda | France | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | 47 | 47 | 50 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 49 | 48 | 49 | 45 |
Samoa | List A | Asian States | Male | 29 | 27 | 25 | 22 | 28 | 28 | 39 | 39 | 37 | 42 | 44 | |
Ivo Josipović | Croatia | List B | Eastern European States | Male | 40 | 42 | 37 | 41 | 40 | 41 | 45 | 42 | 39 | 37 | 40 |
Nigeria | List A | African States | Male | 31 | 29 | 27 | 24 | 26 | 24 | 21 | 20 | 23 | 20 | 14 | |
Senegal | List A | African States | Male | 16 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 | |
Switzerland | List A | Western European and Other States | Female | 33 | 31 | 25 | 22 | 19 | 17 | withdrawn | |||||
Cambodia | List B | Asian States | Male | 8 | 6 | 5 | 5 | withdrawn |
Name | Nationality | List A or B | Region | Gender | 23rd round | 24th round | 25th round | 26th round | 27th round | 28th round | 29th round | 30th round | 31st round | 32nd round | 33rd round |
Number of States Parties voting | 85 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 80 | ||||
Two-thirds majority | 57 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 54 | ||||
Samoa | List A | Asian States | Male | 45 | 46 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 58 | elected | |||||
Claude Jorda | France | List A | Western European and Other States | Male | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 41 | 40 | 46 | 50 | 53 | 57 |
Nigeria | List A | African States | Male | 24 | 20 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 23 | |
Ivo Josipović | Croatia | List B | Eastern European States | Male | 37 | 35 | 36 | 40 | 42 | 38 | 32 | 30 | 30 | 24 | withdrawn |
Senegal | List A | African States | Male | withdrawn |
References[]
- ^ "Election of the judges of the International Criminal Court". International Criminal Court. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
- ^ "Alphabetical listing". International Criminal Court. 3 October 2007. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
- ^ Note verbale governing the election Archived 3 June 2015 at the Library of Congress Web Archives. ICC. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
- International Criminal Court judges
- 2003 elections
- Non-partisan elections
- International Criminal Court elections