2007–08 East Bengal FC season

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The 2007–08 season was East Bengal's 1st season in the I-League and 88th season in existence.

East Bengal
2007–08 season
PresidentDr Pranab Dasgupta
Head-CoachIndia Subrata Bhattacharya
(until 16 January 2008)
India Monoranjan Bhattacharya
(until 19 February 2008)
India Aloke Mukherjee
(from 20 February 2008)
GroundSalt Lake Stadium
Barasat Stadium
East Bengal Ground
I-League6th
Calcutta Football LeagueRunners-up
Federation CupChampions
Super CupRunners-up
IFA ShieldGroup Stage
AFC CupGroup Stage
Top goalscorerLeague: Edmilson (8)
All: Edmilson (29)

Competitions[]

Overall[]

Competition First match Last match Final position
Calcutta Football League 30 July 2007 18 November 2007 Runners-up
Federation Cup 4 September 2007 15 September 2007 Champions
I-League 25 November 2007 23 February 2008 6th
Super Cup 27 February 2008 Runners-up
IFA Shield 1 March 2008 3 March 2008 Group Stage
AFC Cup 11 March 2008 14 May 2008 Group Stage

Overview[]

Competition Record
Pld W D L GF GA GD Win %
Calcutta Football League 14 8 2 4 30 16 +14 057.14
Federation Cup 4 4 0 0 11 6 +5 100.00
I-League 18 5 4 9 17 23 −6 027.78
Super Cup 1 0 0 1 0 1 −1 000.00
IFA Shield 2 0 1 1 1 3 −2 000.00
AFC Cup 6 2 1 3 5 6 −1 033.33
Total 45 19 8 18 64 55 +9 042.22

Last updated: 1 June 2008
Source: Competitions



Calcutta Football League[]

East Bengal finished the 2007 Calcutta Premier Division as runner-up with 26 points from 14 matches behind champions Mohun Bagan.[1]

Fixtures & results[]

  Win   Draw   Loss

30 July 2007 1 East Bengal 2–0 Calcutta Port Trust Kolkata
Mehtab Hussain 8'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 10'
Report Stadium: East Bengal Ground
Referee: Rathin Mukherjee
3 August 2007 2 East Bengal 2–0 Eastern Railway Kolkata
Edmilson Marques Pardal 70' (pen)
Dipendu Biswas 86'
Report Stadium: East Bengal Ground
Referee: Debashish Mishra
7 August 2007 3 East Bengal 6–2 Mohammedan Sporting Kolkata
Edmilson Marques Pardal 4', 42', 72'
Ashim Biswas 46', 48'
Alvito D'Cunha 55'
Report Basudeb Mondal 2'
K Shyju 19'
Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Minangshu Bhattacharya
14 August 2007 4 East Bengal 3–0 Peerless Kolkata
Abdul Samed Okocha 16'
Alvito D'Cunha 50'
Dipankar Roy 57'
Report Stadium: East Bengal Ground
Referee: Udayan Haldar
17 August 2007 5 East Bengal 3–4 Mohun Bagan Kolkata
Alvito D'Cunha 46', 60'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 69' (pen)
Report Lalawmpuia Pachuau 9'
Jose Ramirez Barreto 34' (pen)
Shanmugam Venkatesh 42', 47'
Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Subrata Sarkar
22 August 2007 6 East Bengal 1–0 George Telegraph Kolkata
Ashim Biswas 7' Report Stadium: East Bengal Ground
Referee: Dhanapati Roy
25 August 2007 7 East Bengal 1–1 Chirag United Kolkata
Vimal Pariyar 14' Report Sashti Duley 13' Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: K Shankar
1 October 2007 8 Calcutta Port Trust 0–5 East Bengal Kolkata
Report Dipankar Roy 3'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 36', 39', 59' (pen), 80'
Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Biplab Poddar
3 October 2007 9 Eastern Railway 0–1 East Bengal Howrah
Report Jayanta Sen 27' Stadium: Sailen Manna Stadium
Referee: Pradip Mukherjee
6 October 2007 10 Mohammedan Sporting 2–1 East Bengal Kolkata
Adebayo Tokunbo Adewusi 2'
Kalia Kulothungan 80'
Report Edmilson Marques Pardal 32' Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Rathin Mukherjee
27 October 2007 11 Peerless 0–2 East Bengal Kolkata
Report Edmilson Marques Pardal 57'
Vimal Pariyar 74'
Stadium: East Bengal Ground
Referee: Pradip Mukherjee
6 November 2007 12 Mohun Bagan 2–0 East Bengal Kolkata
Jose Ramirez Barreto 49', 90+2' Report Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: S Suresh
15 November 2007 13 George Telegraph 3–1 East Bengal Kolkata
Nuruddin Saleh Olawale 24', 33'
Gour Naskar 29'
Report Ashim Biswas 40' Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Kashinath Sen
18 November 2007 14 Chirag United 2–2 East Bengal Kolkata
Shankar Oraon 44'
Theodore Sunday Wrobeh 61'
Report Syed Rahim Nabi 16'
Ashim Biswas 76'
Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Dhanapati Roy



Federation Cup[]

East Bengal started the Federation Cup campaign in the Pre-Quarter Finals against Kolkata giants Mohammedan Sporting and won 3–1 with Ashim Biswas putting them ahead in the 21st minute. Kalia Kulothungan equalised for Mohammedan but Edmilson Marques Pardal scored twice to take the team to the last 8. In the Quarter-Final, East Bengal faced hosts JCT and won 3–2 with another brace from Edmilson after Irungbam Surkumar Singh put them ahead in the 14th minute. Eduardo da Silva Escobar and Renedy Singh scored for JCT.[2] In the Semi-Final, East Bengal faced arch-rivals Mohun Bagan. Bhaichung Bhutia put Mohun Bagan ahead in the 12th minute but East Bengal rallied from behind to score three. Surkumar Singh equalised in the 25th minute while Dipendu Biswas and Ashim Biswas scored the other two. José Ramirez Barreto's goal in the 71st minute wasn't enough for Bagan as East Bengal won 3–2 to reach the final.[3][4] In the Final, East Bengal defeated Mahindra United 2–1 with another brace from Brazilian forward Edmilson as they lifted their 5th Federation Cup title.[5]


Bracket[]

 
Pre-Quarter FinalsQuarter-FinalsSemi-FinalsFinal
 
              
 
4 September
 
 
JCT3
 
9 September
 
Vasco1
 
JCT2
 
4 September
 
East Bengal3
 
Mohammedan Sporting1
 
11 September
 
East Bengal3
 
East Bengal3
 
6 September
 
Mohun Bagan2
 
Air India1
 
9 September
 
Viva Kerala2
 
Viva Kerala1
 
6 September
 
Mohun Bagan3
 
ONGC1
 
5 September
 
Mohun Bagan2
 
East Bengal2
 
7 September
 
Mahindra United1
 
Dempo3
 
10 September
 
Chirag United0
 
Dempo2
 
7 September
 
Churchill Brothers0
 
Salgaocar1
 
12 September
 
Churchill Brothers4
 
Dempo1 (1)
 
5 September
 
Mahindra United1 (3)
 
Mahindra United1
 
8 September
 
HAL0
 
Mahindra United1 (5)
 
5 September
 
Sporting Clube de Goa1 (4)
 
Army XI 0
 
 
Sporting Clube de Goa1
 

Fixtures & results[]

  Win   Draw   Loss

4 September 2007 Pre-Quarter Final Mohammedan Sporting 1–3 East Bengal Ludhiana
Kalia Kulothungan 45+3' Report Ashim Biswas 21'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 51', 66'
Stadium: Guru Nanak Stadium
Referee: S. Suresh
9 September 2007 Quarter-Final JCT 2–3 East Bengal Ludhiana
Eduardo da Silva Escobar 51'
Renedy Singh 90+5'
Report Irungbam Surkumar Singh 14'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 44', 72'
Stadium: Guru Nanak Stadium
Referee: Benjamin D'Silva
11 September 2007 Semi-Final East Bengal 3–2 Mohun Bagan Ludhiana
Irungbam Surkumar Singh 25'
Dipendu Biswas 35'
Ashim Biswas 47'
Report Bhaichung Bhutia 12'
Jose Ramirez Barreto 71'
Stadium: Guru Nanak Stadium
Referee: K. Shankar
15 September 2007 Final East Bengal 2–1 Mahindra United Ludhiana
Edmilson Marques Pardal 36' (pen), 45+1' Report Sunil Kumar Red card 42'
Manjit Singh 45+3'
Stadium: Guru Nanak Stadium
Referee: K. Shankar



I League[]

League table[]

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
4 Mohun Bagan 18 8 6 4 22 17 +5 30 2009 AFC Cup group stage[a]
5 Mahindra United 18 7 7 4 24 18 +6 28
6 East Bengal 18 5 4 9 17 23 −6 19
7 Sporting Goa 18 4 7 7 14 24 −10 19
8 Air India 18 3 8 7 10 20 −10 17
Updated to match(es) played on 23 February 2008. Source: IndiaFooty.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
Notes:
  1. ^ Mohun Bagan qualified for the 2009 AFC Cup as 2008 Indian Federation Cup winners.

Fixtures & results[]

  Win   Draw   Loss

25 November 2007 1 East Bengal 2–0 Viva Kerala Kolkata
17:30 IST Edmilson Marques Pardal 73'
Alvito D'Cunha 79'
Report Stadium: Barasat Stadium
Referee: A. Arjunan
Man of the Match: Jayanta Sen (East Bengal)
30 November 2007 2 East Bengal 1–3 JCT Kolkata
17:30 IST Edmilson Marques Pardal 50' (pen) Report Eduardo da Silva Escobar 43', 67', 83' Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Benjamin D'Silva
Man of the Match: Eduardo da Silva Escobar (JCT)
3 December 2007 3 East Bengal 3–2 Salgaocar Kolkata
17:30 IST Edmilson Marques Pardal 20', 66' (pen)
Ashim Biswas 53'
Report TV Biju Kumar 49'
Shylo Malsawmtluanga 75'
Remu Gomes Red card 60'
Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: P.K. Bose
Man of the Match: Felix Chimaokwu (Salgaocar)
9 December 2007 4 Dempo 2–2 East Bengal Margao
15:30 IST Valeriano Rebello 26'
Beto 86'
Report MacDonald Mukansi 25'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 59'
Stadium: Fatorda Stadium
Referee: Ali Saleem
Man of the Match: Subrata Paul (East Bengal)
13 December 2007 5 Churchill Brothers 3–2 East Bengal Margao
15:30 IST Odafa Onyeka Okolie 32', 41' (pen), 44' Report Edmilson Marques Pardal 26'
Mehtab Hossain 87'
Stadium: Fatorda Stadium
Referee: Ali Saleem
Man of the Match: Odafa Onyeka Okolie (Churchill Brothers)
17 December 2007 6 Air India 1–0 East Bengal Mumbai
15:30 IST Paresh Shivalkar 62' Report Stadium: Cooperage Ground
Referee: Benjamin D'Silva
Man of the Match: Paresh Shivalkar (Air India)
23 December 2007 7 Mahindra United 2–1 East Bengal Mumbai
15:30 IST Debabrata Roy 31' (o.g.)
Mohammed Rafi 72'
Report Edmilson Marques Pardal 50' Stadium: Cooperage Ground
Referee: S Suresh
Man of the Match: Sushanth Mathew (Mahindra United)
30 December 2007 8 Mohun Bagan 1–0 East Bengal Kolkata
16:00 IST Baichung Bhutia 61' Report Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: K Shankar
Man of the Match: Douglas da Silva (Mohun Bagan)
5 January 2008 9 Sporting Clube de Goa 1–0 East Bengal Margao
15:30 IST Lawrence Adjei 52' Report Stadium: Fatorda Stadium
Referee: Dinesh Nair
Man of the Match: Denzil Franco (Sporting Clube de Goa)
8 January 2008 10 Salgaocar 0–0 East Bengal Margao
16:00 IST Report Stadium: Fatorda Stadium
Referee: Rizwan Ul-Haq
Man of the Match: Fabio Dos Passos (Salgaocar)
14 January 2008 11 JCT 3–0 East Bengal Ludhiana
13:30 IST Baljit Sahni 5'
Baldeep Singh 8'
Eduardo da Silva Escobar 38'
Report Stadium: Guru Nanak Stadium
Referee: A. Arjunan
Man of the Match: Baljit Sahni (JCT)
21 January 2008 12 East Bengal 0–2 Mohun Bagan Kolkata
16:00 IST Report Bhaichung Bhutia 29', 62'
Douglas da Silva Yellow card 9' Yellow-red card 48'
Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Dinesh Nair
Man of the Match: Bhaichung Bhutia (Mohun Bagan)
27 January 2008 13 East Bengal 1–0 Dempo Kolkata
18:00 IST Mahesh Gawli 69' (o.g.) Report Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Dinesh Nair
Man of the Match: Alvito D'Cunha (East Bengal)
30 January 2008 14 East Bengal 0–0 Air India Kolkata
18:00 IST Report Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: K Shankar
Man of the Match: Arnab Das Sharma (Air India)
3 February 2008 15 East Bengal 1–0 Mahindra United Kolkata
18:00 IST Syed Rahim Nabi 5' Report Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: Dinesh Nair
Man of the Match: Syed Rahim Nabi (East Bengal)
10 February 2008 16 East Bengal 0–1 Churchill Brothers Kolkata
18:00 IST Jayanta Sen Red card 29' Report Mboyo Iyomi 77' Stadium: Salt Lake Stadium
Referee: A. Arjunan
Man of the Match: Subrata Paul (East Bengal)
17 February 2008 17 Viva Kerala 1–3 East Bengal Kozhikode
15:30 IST Syed Rahim Nabi 20'
Alvito D'Cunha 57'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 90'
Report Ebin Rose 45+1' Stadium: EMS Stadium
Referee: Rizwan Ul-Haq
Man of the Match: Syed Rahim Nabi (East Bengal)
23 February 2008 18 East Bengal 1–1 Sporting Club de Goa Kolkata
15:30 IST Syed Rahim Nabi 56' Report Joseph Pereira 21' Stadium: Barasat Stadium
Referee: P.K. Bose
Man of the Match: Syed Rahim Nabi (East Bengal)



Super Cup[]

2007 Federation Cup Champion East Bengal faced 2007-08 I-League Champion Dempo in the 2008 Super Cup. Dempo won 1–0 courtesy of a solitary goal from Chidi Edeh.[6]

Fixtures & results[]

  Win   Draw   Loss

27 February 2008 Dempo 1–0 East Bengal Gurgaon
14:30 IST Chidi Edeh 71' Report Stadium: Tau Devi Lal Stadium
Referee: Dinesh Nair



IFA Shield[]

Group B
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
South Africa Santos 2 1 1 0 3 1 +2 4
India Mahindra United 2 1 0 1 2 2 0 3
India East Bengal 2 0 1 1 1 3 −2 1

East Bengal was grouped alongside Mahindra United and Santos in Group B. East Bengal lost 2–0 against Mahindra United in the opening game and drew 1–1 against Santos as they were eliminated from the group stages.[7]

Fixtures & results[]

  Win   Draw   Loss

1 March 2008 Group Stage East Bengal 0–2 Mahindra United Kolkata
15:00 IST Report Rafi 37'
Yusif Yakubu 44'
Stadium: Barasat Stadium
Referee: Mohammed Kamil
3 March 2008 Group Stage East Bengal 1–1 Santos Howrah
15:00 IST Edmilson Marques Pardal 14' (pen) Report Gregory Michael 7' Stadium: Sailen Manna Stadium
Referee: A. Arjunan



AFC Cup[]

Group stage[]

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
Lebanon Safa 6 2 4 0 8 6 +2 10
Jordan Al-Wahdat 6 1 4 1 12 12 0 7
India East Bengal 6 2 1 3 5 6 −1 7
Yemen Al-Ahli San‘a’ 6 1 3 2 3 4 −1 6
Source:[citation needed]

Fixtures & results[]

  Win   Draw   Loss

11 March 2008 Safa Lebanon 1–0 India East Bengal Sports City Stadium, Beirut
18:00 UTC+3 17' (Report)
(Report)[permanent dead link]
Attendance: 700
Referee: Oman
18 March 2008 East Bengal India 1–0 Yemen Al-Ahli San‘a’ Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata
15:00 UTC+5:30 Edmilson Marques Pardal 31' (Report)
(Report)[permanent dead link]
Attendance: 6,000
Referee: Japan Minoru Tōjō
3 April 2008 Al-Wahdat Jordan 0–2 India East Bengal Prince Mohammad Stadium, Zarqa
15:30 UTC+3 (Report)
(Report)[permanent dead link]
Alvito D'Cunha 58'
69'
Attendance: 4,000
Referee: Malaysia
16 April 2008 East Bengal India 2–4 Jordan Al-Wahdat Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata
15:00 UTC+5:30 Syed Rahim Nabi 12'
Edmilson Marques Pardal 28'
(Report)
(Report)[permanent dead link]
Ra'fat Ali 6' 24'
Hassan Abdel Fattah 31' 34'
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Vietnam Vo Minh Tri
30 April 2008 East Bengal India 0–0 Lebanon Safa Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata, India
15:00 UTC+5:30 (Report) Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Uzbekistan Valentin Kovalenko
14 May 2008 Al-Ahli San‘a’ Yemen 1 –0 India East Bengal Ali Mohsen Al-Muraisi Stadium, Sana'a
16:15 UTC+3 Ali Al Nono 43' (Report) Attendance: 1,000
Referee: Tajikistan

Statistics[]

Appearances[]

Players with no appearances are not included in the list.
Appearances for East Bengal in 2007–08 season
No. Pos. Nat. Name CFL I League Fed Cup Super Cup IFA Shield AFC Cup Total
Apps Starts Apps Starts Apps Starts Apps Starts Apps Starts Apps Starts Apps Starts
Goalkeepers
24 GK India Subrata Paul 3 3 16 16 4 4 1 1 1 1 6 6 31 31
21 GK India Abhra Mondal 6 6 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 9 9
31 GK India Arup Debnath 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1
33 GK India Gopal Das 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
Defenders
19 DF India Syed Rahim Nabi 3 3 18 18 4 4 1 1 2 2 6 6 34 34
5 DF India Debabrata Roy 3 3 15 14 2 2 1 1 2 2 5 5 28 27
26 DF India Mehrajuddin Wadoo 3 3 14 12 4 4 1 1 2 1 6 6 30 27
3 DF India Majek Bolaji 5 5 13 13 4 4 0 0 1 1 6 6 29 29
12 DF India Anupam Sarkar 9 4 10 8 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 23 16
4 DF India Julius Owino 10 10 1 1 11 11
29 DF India Saumik Dey 10 9 9 8 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 23 20
27 DF India Surkumar Singh 1 1 9 9 4 4 1 1 2 2 6 6 23 23
42 DF India Madhab Das 5 5 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 8
2 DF India Muttah Suresh 9 9 3 3 4 4 2 1 5 5 23 22
35 DF India Aiborlang Khongjee 5 5 2 1 0 0 7 6
39 DF India Ratan Das 2 1 2 0 4 1
17 DF Ghana Abdul Samad Okocha 4 4 3 0 7 4
4 DF India Gurpreet Singh 8 6 0 0 8 6
17 DF India Surya Bikash Chakraborty 4 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 6 5
20 DF India Napoleon Singh 1 1 1 1
DF India Poibang Pohshna 0 0 1 1 1 1
Midfielders
9 MF India Alvito D'Cunha 10 8 17 16 4 4 1 1 2 2 6 6 40 37
23 MF India Mehtab Hossain 7 7 17 15 0 0 1 1 2 1 6 6 33 30
7 MF India Jayanta Sen 12 12 12 12 4 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 33 32
32 MF India Snehasish Chakraborty 4 2 11 4 0 0 1 0 2 0 6 0 24 6
6 MF India Dipankar Roy 13 10 9 2 2 0 24 12
37 MF South Africa MacDonald Mukansi 1 1 9 6 10 7
14 MF India Chandan Das 5 4 4 1 9 5
11 MF India Hardeep Singh Saini 3 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 6 2
40 MF India Vanlal Rova 4 1 5 2 0 0 0 0 9 3
15 MF Ghana Ikechukwu Ibe Gift 1 1 6 5 7 6
37 MF India Marlanki Suiting 6 3 6 3
36 MF India Sovon Chakraborty 1 0 1 0
34 MF India Amulya Mondal 2 1 2 1
MF India Mohammed Mukhtar 1 0 1 0
MF India Vinu Jose 0 0 1 0 1 0
Forwards
30 FW Brazil Edmilson Marques Pardal 12 12 14 14 3 3 1 1 2 2 5 5 37 37
10 FW India Dipendu Biswas 11 2 8 2 3 0 0 0 2 0 24 4
25 FW India Ashim Biswas 13 13 5 4 4 4 22 21
22 FW India Vimal Pariyar 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 6 1
8 FW Nigeria Abeeku Gaiesi 2 2 2 2

Goal scorers[]

Goals for East Bengal in 2007–08 season
Rank No. Pos. Nat. Name CFL I League Fed Cup Super Cup IFA Shield AFC Cup Total
1 30 FW Brazil Edmilson Marques Pardal 12 8 6 0 1 2 29
2 25 FW India Ashim Biswas 5 1 2 0 0 8
3 9 MF India Alvito D'Cunha 4 2 0 0 0 1 7
4 19 DF India Syed Rahim Nabi 1 3 0 0 0 1 5
5 6 MF India Dipankar Roy 2 0 0 0 0 2
10 FW India Dipendu Biswas 1 0 1 0 0 0 2
22 FW India Vimal Pariyar 2 0 0 0 0 2
23 MF India Mehtab Hossain 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
27 DF India Surkumar Singh 0 0 2 0 0 0 2
10 7 MF India Jayanta Sen 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
15 MF Ghana Ikechukwu Ibe Gift 0 1 1
17 DF Ghana Abdul Samad Okocha 1 0 1
37 MF India MacDonald Mukansi 0 1 1
Own goals 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Total 30 17 11 0 1 5 64

References[]

  1. ^ Chaudhuri, Arunava (14 February 2019). "IFA-Calcutta Premier League 2007". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  2. ^ "Speedy Nabi takes East Bengal to semis". Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Mohun Bagan go down fighting to East Bengal". One India. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  4. ^ "East Bengal send Bagan packing - Bhattacharya's tactical move proves decisive". Telegraph India. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  5. ^ Khanna, Mohit (16 September 2007). "Edmilson guides EB to cup". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  6. ^ PTI (27 February 2008). "Dempo claim Super Cup to end memorable season on a high". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  7. ^ Chaudhuri, Arunava (26 January 2008). "113th IFA Shield 2008". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
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