2021 Maduo earthquake

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2021 Maduo earthquake
2021-05-21 Southern Qinghai, China M7.3 earthquake shakemap (USGS).jpg
2021 Maduo earthquake is located in China
2021 Maduo earthquake
UTC time2021-05-21 18:04:13
ISC event620437814
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date22 May 2021
Local time02:04 (China Standard Time)
MagnitudeMw 7.3 (USGS)
Ms 7.4 (CEA)
Depth10.0 km (USGS)
17 km (CEA)
Epicenter34°35′10″N 98°15′18″E / 34.586°N 98.255°E / 34.586; 98.255Coordinates: 34°35′10″N 98°15′18″E / 34.586°N 98.255°E / 34.586; 98.255
Areas affectedQinghai, China
Total damageLimited
Max. intensityIX (Violent)
X (CSIS)[1][2]
AftershocksMultiple. Largest is an mb  5.5[3]
Casualties19 injured[4]

The 2021 Maduo earthquake, also known as the 5.22 earthquake struck Madoi County in Qinghai Province, China on the morning of 22 May 2021 at 02:04 local time.[5] The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 7.3 and a surface wave magnitude of 7.4, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) respectively.[6][7] The earthquake caused no deaths but seventeen people sustained minor injuries.[8] Highway bridges, roads and walls collapsed as a result of the earthquake.[9] The earthquake was the strongest in China since the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.[10] It was assigned intensity X in Machali town, Maduo County on the China seismic intensity scale, making it one of the most intense earthquakes in recent memory.[2]

Earthquake[]

According to the USGS, the earthquake occurred as a result of dominantly left-lateral strike-slip faulting with a component of normal dip-slip. It had an estimated focal depth of 10 km to 17 km. Analysis of the USGS preliminary finite fault model of the slip distribution suggest the rupture was about 180 km long and the greatest slip was at 3.3 meters.[11] A research paper soon to be published in Science Bulletin found that the largest surface displacements measured 2.4 meters, while the use of satellite imagery to model the earthquake rupture found a maximum slip of 6 meters near the hypocenter.[12] Based on inferring the locations of the aftershock zone, which extended for approximately 170 km, and the location of the mainshock epicenter, the event involved a bilateral rupture on the strike-slip fault.[13]

Experts from the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC) said that it is unlikely that another similar-sized earthquake would strike the same area again in the near future.[14] They added that this earthquake likely occurred within the Bayan Har block, a piece of continental crust in the Tibetan Plateau. Its main boundaries are the Xianshuihe Fault to the south and the Kunlun Fault to the north.[15] The largest earthquakes in the vicinity of the May 22 event are the 2001 Kunlun earthquake and the ,[16][17] both measuring 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale and involving a rupture on the Kunlun Fault.[18][19]

This earthquake was preceded by another unrelated earthquake; the 2021 Dali earthquake which had occurred 5 hours earlier in Yunnan.[20][21]

Intensity[]

The Ministry of Emergency Management and the China Earthquake Administration conducted a field analysis of 55 affected areas to investigate the effects of the earthquake. The survey results were compiled to create an intensity map of the earthquake which was released on the 28th of May.[22]

The meizoseismal area of the earthquake was in Machali, a town in Maduo County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The earthquake has its maximum intensity of shaking felt in this region. It was assigned X on the China seismic intensity scale for an area of 69 km². Such level of intensity would result in bridge piers collapsing and surface fissuring.[2]

Intensity IX was felt in two separate areas for 1,069 km² and 375 km² respectively along the fault trace. Intensity VIII was felt for a larger 2,295 km².[2]

Earthquake sequence[]

The magnitude 7.3 earthquake was followed by many aftershocks, the largest measuring up to 5.5 on the body wave magnitude (mb ) scale. Two additional aftershocks measured 5.4 mb .

Only aftershocks of magnitude 5.0 or greater are included in this table.

Time

(UTC)

Latitude Longitude Magnitude (Mw ) MMI Source
2021-05-21 18:04:13 34.586°N 98.255°E 7.3 IX [6]
2021-05-21 18:10:41 34.576°N 98.295°E 5.2 - [23]
2021-05-21 18:12:15 34.624°N 98.473°E 5.5 VII [3]
2021-05-21 18:13:01 34.482°N 99.084°E 5.4 VI [24]
2021-05-22 02:29:37 34.936°N 97.448°E 5.1 - [25]
2021-05-22 02:38:45 34.540°N 98.927°E 5.1 - [26]
2021-05-22 03:21:18 34.730°N 98.086°E 5.2 - [27]
2021-05-30 04:50:09 34.614°N 98.220°E 5.1 - [28]
2021-05-30 06:55:15 34.587°N 34.587°N 5.2 - [29]
2021-06-03 05:55:18 34.723°N 97.841°E 5.0 VI [30]
2021-07-08 13:23:25 34.676°N 97.917°E 5.1 - [31]
2021-08-13 04:21:37 34.598°N 97.428°E 5.4 VII [32]

Impact[]

As of 27 May 2021, at least nineteen individuals from Maduo and Maqin counties,[4] Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture sustained minor injuries, seventeen of whom were discharged from the hospitals they were being treated in.[33][34] The relatively few number of casualties was attributed to the low population density of the area around the earthquake.[2] The earthquake caused damage to at least 625 homes and seven barns in the Huanghe Township area. In Zhalinghu Township, two homes and a barn collapsed due to the shock. Another barn was destroyed in Machali Town. In Huashixia Town, the earthquake collapsed 16 homes. Two parallel bridges of the in Maduo County collapsed under the effects of the shock.[35][36] The bridges were identified as the Yematan No. 2 Bridge of Yugong Expressway and Changma Bridge of Huajiu Expressway.[37] Sections of other major highways were also seriously damaged and deformed beyond use.[38] According to the Qinghai Provincial Transportation Department, the all roads and highways affected by the earthquake were temporarily closed and immediately attended to by repair workers.[33][39]

An estimated 32,000 or more people have been displaced by the earthquake.[40][34] These residents were later relocated at three temporary residential settlements which are being set-up.[citation needed] Cotton tents were used as makeshift homes to those affected. Medical workers were also brought to the scene to assist.[34] Some 186 boarding schoolchildren in Huanghe Township had to be moved to temporary shelters because of the tremors.[41] Immediate repair works to communication services and power lines were also carried on.[34] Checks were also conducted at nearby reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations for damage.[42]

The earthquake was felt as far as Lanzhou, Xi'an and Chengdu.[43]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Zhang Ni (22 May 2021). "四、五月份是强震高发期？地震专家解析网友疑惑" (in Chinese). Xinhua Newspaper Network. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Tang Guorong. "The Ministry of Emergency Management released the intensity map of the Qinghai Maduo M7.4 earthquake" (in Chinese). Beijing News. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "M 5.5 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Li Ning (27 May 2021). "19 people were injured and 17 people were discharged from hospital after the May 22 earthquake in Maduo, Qinghai" (in Chinese). Xinhuanet. Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  5. ^ Yue Hongbin, Yan Jiaqi (22 May 2021). "青海省玛多县发生7.4级地震 西宁震感强烈". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "M 7.3 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  7. ^ "A magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurred in Maduo County, Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province at 2:4 on May 22" (in Chinese). China Earthquake Administration. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  8. ^ "13 people were slightly injured in Qinghai Maduo earthquake". Xinhua News Agency. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  9. ^ "青海玛多7.4级地震 县城区域有围墙倒塌 救援队伍已集结". finance.sina.com.cn. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  10. ^ "Powerful earthquakes hit Chinese cities, 3 dead". newsonair.com. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  11. ^ Yujiang Li; Luyuan Huang; Rui Ding; Shuxin Yang; Lei Liu; Shimin Zhang; Haoqing Liu (2021). "Coulomb stress changes associated with the M7.3 Maduo earthquake and implications for seismic hazards". Natural Hazards Research. doi:10.1016/j.nhres.2021.06.003. ISSN 2666-5921. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  12. ^ Jihong Liu; Jun Hu; Zhiwei Li; Zhangfeng Ma; Lixin Wu; Weiping Jiang; Guangcai Feng; Jianjun Zhu (2021). "Complete three-dimensional coseismic displacements related to the 2021 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai Province, China from Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 SAR images". Earth and Space Science Open Archive: 19. doi:10.1002/essoar.10507403.1. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  13. ^ Weilai Wang; Lihua Fang; Jianping Wu; Hongwei Tu; Liyi Chen; Guijuan Lai; Long Zhang (2021). "Aftershock sequence relocation of the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo Earthquake, Qinghai, China". Science China Earth Sciences. 64: 1371–1380. doi:10.1007/s11430-021-9803-3.
  14. ^ Xue Tao, ed. (22 May 2021). "专家：青海玛多县地震原震区近期发生7级以上地震的可能性不大" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  15. ^ Yujun Sun, Taoyuan Fan, Chunjing Zhou, Zhonghai Wu (2015). "The Evolution of Stress and Strain around the Bayan Har Block in the Tibetan Plateau". Journal of Earthquakes. 2015: 971628. doi:10.1155/2015/971628.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "M 7.8 - southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  17. ^ "M 7.8 - southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  18. ^ Jianming Guo, Aiming Lin, Guoqiang Sun, Jianjing Zheng (2007). "Surface Ruptures Associated with the 1937 M 7.5 Tuosuo Lake and the 1963 M 7.0 Alake Lake Earthquakes and the Paleoseismicity along the Tuosuo Lake Segment of the Kunlun Fault, Northern Tibet". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 97 (2): 474–496. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97..474G. doi:10.1785/0120050103. Retrieved 22 May 2021.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ D. P. Robinson, C. Brough, S. Das (2006). "The Mw 7.8, 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake: Extreme rupture speed variability and effect of fault geometry". Journal of Geophysical Research. 111 (B8): B08303. Bibcode:2006JGRB..111.8303R. doi:10.1029/2005JB004137.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "M 6.1 - 28 km NW of Dali, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  21. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "China: Earthquakes shake northwestern, southwestern regions | DW | 21.05.2021". DW.COM. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  22. ^ Xinhua (29 May 2021). "Qinghai Maduo M7.4 earthquake intensity map released, the highest intensity is 10 degrees". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  23. ^ "M 5.2 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  24. ^ "M 5.4 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  25. ^ "M 5.1 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  26. ^ "M 5.2 - southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  27. ^ "M 5.2 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  28. ^ "M 5.1 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  29. ^ "M 5.2 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  30. ^ "M 5.0 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  31. ^ "M 5.1 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  32. ^ "M 5.4 - Southern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Hu Guilong; Zhang Tianfu (23 May 2021). "青海玛多7.4级地震：17人受轻伤，避险转移安置2万余人" (in Chinese). China News Network. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  34. ^ Liu, Pai (22 May 2021). "Ms 7.4 earthquake in Maduo County, Qinghai: Five people were slightly injured and the bridge collapsed severely". China News Network. Baidu. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  35. ^ "G0613西丽高速野马滩大桥因地震双向坍塌" [G0613 Xili Expressway Yematan Bridge collapsed by earthquake].
  36. ^ "Rush to the rescue, Yunnan, Qinghai earthquake, closely aligned with our compatriots". Xinhua News Agency. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  37. ^ Sun, Zonghe (22 May 2021). "No casualties have been reported due to the collapse of some roads and bridges due to the Mado 7.4 earthquake in Qinghai". Xinhua News Agency. Baidu. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  38. ^ Tang Ying (27 May 2021). "Ministry of Transport: All highways damaged by the earthquake in Yunnan and Qinghai have been rushed through" (in Chinese). CCTV News Client. China News. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  39. ^ "China Focus: Quake-hit areas in China resume school". Xining, China. Xinhua News Agency. 24 May 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  40. ^ "186 children accommodated at temporary shelter in quake-hit county in Qinghai - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  41. ^ Chinanews (23 May 2021). "青海玛多7.4级地震：17人受轻伤，避险转移安置2万余人" (in Chinese). ce.cn. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  42. ^ "青海玛多县发生7.4级地震 兰州西安成都等多地有震感_台网". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2021-05-25.

Exterior Links[]

Retrieved from ""