20th Infantry Division "Friuli"

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This article is about the historic Royal Italian Army 20th Infantry Division "Friuli". For the currently active Italian Army brigade, see Airmobile Brigade "Friuli".
20th Infantry Division "Friuli"
20a Divisione Fanteria Friuli.png
20th Infantry Division "Friuli" insignia
Active1939 - 20 September 1944
20th Infantry Division "Friuli"
21 September 1944 - 15 October 1945
Combat Group "Friuli"
16 October 1945 - 15 April 1960
Infantry Division "Friuli"
16 July 2013 - 1 July 2019
Division "Friuli"
CountryItaly Kingdom of Italy
Italy Italy
BranchItaly Royal Italian Army
Italy Italian Army
TypeInfantry
SizeDivision
Garrison/HQLivorno / Florence
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
Current
commander		Major General Flaviano Godio
Notable
commanders		General Giacomo Carboni
Insignia
Identification
symbol		Mostrina - 87°, 88°, 387° "Friuli".png World War II - Mostrina - 35° Rgt. Artiglieria "Friuli".png World War II - Mostrina - XX Btg. Genio Divisione "Friuli".png World War II - Mostrina - Sanità Divisione "Friuli".png World War II - Mostrina - Sussistenza Divisione "Friuli".png World War II - Mostrina - Battaglioni mortaisti.png
Friuli Division gorget patches

The 20th Infantry Division "Friuli" (Italian: 20ª Divisione di fanteria "Friuli") was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The Friuli was formed on 24 August 1939 by splitting the 20th Infantry Division "Curtatone e Montanara" into the Friuli and the 44th Infantry Division "Cremona". The Friuli was named for the region of Friuli, but based in Tuscany, where it also recruited most of its troops. The division's headquarter and its regiments, with the exception of the 87th Infantry Regiment located in Siena, were based in Livorno. The division served as occupation force on Corsica and fought German units after the Armistice of Cassibile was announced on 8 September 1943. The division then served with the Italian Co-belligerent Army and remained active into the early stages of the Cold War.[1][2]

History[]

The division's lineage begins with the Brigade "Friuli" established on 1 November 1884 in Milan with the 87th and 88th infantry regiments.[3]

World War I[]

The brigade fought on the Italian front in World War I. On 15 November 1926 the 87th Infantry Regiment was disbanded, followed by the brigade command on 28 December 1926. The 88th Infantry Regiment "Friuli" was transferred to the XX Infantry Brigade, which also included the 21st Infantry Regiment "Cremona" and the 22nd Infantry Regiment "Cremona". The XX Infantry Brigade was the infantry component of the 20th Territorial Division of Livorno, which also included the 7th Artillery Regiment. In 1934 the division changed its name to 20th Infantry Division "Curtatone e Montanara".[1][4][5]

On 15 September 1939 the division ceded all its regiments, except the 88th Infantry Regiment "Friuli", to the newly activated 44th Infantry Division "Cremona" and received the 87th Infantry Regiment "Friuli" from the 19th Infantry Division "Venezia". On the same day the XX Infantry Brigade was dissolved, the two remaining infantry regiments came under direct command of the division, and the division received the 35th Artillery Regiment, which had been reactivated on 4 September 1939 and received the name "Friuli" upon entering the division.[1]

World War II[]

The Friuli was a reserve force in the Germanasca and Pellice valleys during the Italian invasion of France in June 1940. In April 1941 the division participated in the Invasion of Yugoslavia as part of the VI Army Corps. The division entered combat on 6 April 1941 and advanced into Yugoslavia on 11 April 1941. It reached Loška Dolina and Loški Potok on 12 April 1941. The fighting ceased on 18 April 1941, and on 5 May 1941 the Friuli returned to Italy.[1]

On 5 November 1941 the regimental depot of the 88th Infantry Regiment "Friuli" of the Friuli raised the 125th Infantry Regiment "La Spezia" in Livorno, which was assigned to the newly formed 80th Infantry Division "La Spezia".[6] The remainder of the La Spezia was raised by the regimental depots of the Cremona division.[7]

Corsica[]

On 6 October 1942 the division was reformed as a Type 43 Infantry Division, which included the addition of a self-propelled anti-tank battalion, an additional artillery group, increased air-defense capabilities, and more modern field guns. After the Allied landings in French North Africa Italy and Germany occupied Vichy France on 11 November 1942 and the Friuli was ferried from Tuscany to northern Corsica. The division completed the transfer by 20 November 1942 and had its headquarter in Belgodère, while its sister division the 44th Infantry Division "Cremona" occupied southern Corsica and based its headquarter at Cauro. The defense of the island's beaches was the task 225th Coastal Division and 226th Coastal Division.[1]

After the Armistice of Cassibile was announced on 8 September 1943 the Italian forces and French partisans on Corsica fought the German Sturmbrigade Reichführer-SS, 90th Panzergrenadier Division, and Italian XXII Paratroopers Battalion/ 184th Paratroopers Regiment "Nembo",[8] which had crossed over from Sardinia and retreated through Corsica towards the harbor of Bastia in the island's north.

On 13 September elements of the Free French 4th Moroccan Mountain Division landed in Ajaccio to support the Italian efforts to stop the 30,000 retreating German troops, but during the night of 3-4 October the last German units were evacuated from Bastia leaving behind 700 dead and 350 POWs. After the end of operations on Corsica the Friuli was transferred with all other Italian units from Corsica to Sardinia. On 24 November the 88th CC.NN. Legion was renamed as 387th Infantry Regiment "Friuli".[9]

Italian Co-belligerent Army[]

Now part of the Italian Co-belligerent Army the Friuli was transferred in July 1944 to San Giorgio del Sannio in southern Italy. On 20 August 1944 the third battalions of the 87th and 88th infantry regiments were replaced by two Granatieri di Sardegna battalions and on 31 August the 387th Infantry Regiment "Friuli" was disbanded. On 20 September 1944 the division was reorganized as Combat Group "Friuli" and equipped with British weapons and materiel. The group entered combat on 5 February 1945 as replacement for the Polish 5th Infantry Division "Kresowa" of the II Polish Corps on the Senio river near Brisighella. From there the Friuli advanced with the allied armies to liberate Imola, Castel San Pietro and Bologna.[9]

Cold War[]

On 15 October 1945 the Combat Group "Friuli" was renamed Infantry Division "Friuli", which included the 87th and 88th infantry regiments, the 35th Artillery Regiment, the CXX Mixed Engineer battalion and minor support units. Initially the division was based in the city of Bolzano as part of the IV Military Territorial Command, but in 1949 the division moved to Florence and joined the VII Military Territorial Command. There the division was augmented with the 78th Infantry Regiment "Lupi di Toscana", 8th Field Artillery Regiment and 3rd Light Anti-Air Artillery Regiment. Later the 3rd Light Anti-Air Artillery Regiment was replaced by the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment "Piemonte Cavalleria".

On 15 April 1960, the division was reduced to brigade, losing its traditional regiments and receiving new units. See Infantry Brigade "Friuli" for the brigade's history after 1960.

Reactivation[]

As part of the 2013 reform of the Italian Army the Airmobile Brigade "Friuli" was to merge with the Cavalry Brigade "Pozzuolo del Friuli". In preparation for the merger the Friuli brigade ceded its name and flag on 16 July 2013 to the newly activated Division "Friuli" in Florence. At its inception the Division "Friuli" commanded the following brigades in Northern Italy:

However the merger between the two brigades was later canceled and on 1 July 2019 the Division "Friuli" changed its name to Division "Vittorio Veneto" and the name, flag and traditions of the Friuli reverted back to the Airmobile Brigade "Friuli".[10]

Organization[]

20th Infantry Division "Friuli"[]

Coat of Arms of the 88th Infantry Regiment "Friuli", 1939
  • 20a Divisione Fanteria Friuli.png 20th Infantry Division "Friuli", in Livorno[9][2][1]
    • 87th Infantry Regiment "Friuli", in Siena[11][4]
    • 88th Infantry Regiment "Friuli", in Livorno[12][5]
      • Command Company
      • 3x Fusilier battalions
      • Support Weapons Company (65/17 infantry support guns)
      • Mortar Company (81mm Mod. 35 mortars)
    • 35th Artillery Regiment "Friuli", in Livorno[13]
      • Command Unit
      • I Group (100/17 howitzers)
      • II Group (75/27 field guns)
      • III Group (75/27 field guns; re-equipped with 75/18 Mod. 34 howitzers in 1943)
      • IV Group (75/18 Mod. 34 howitzers; raised in 1943)
      • V Anti-Aircraft Group (activated in 1943)
        • 35th Anti-aircraft Battery (20/65 Mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns, entered the group in 1943)
        • 320th Anti-aircraft Battery (20/65 Mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns, joined the division in 1943)
        • 356th Anti-aircraft Battery (20/65 Mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns, joined the division in 1943)
      • Ammunition and Supply Unit
    • XX Mortar Battalion (81mm Mod. 35 mortars)
    • XX Self-propelled Anti-tank Battalion (47/32 L40 self-propelled guns; raised in 1943)
    • CXX Mixed Engineer Battalion (activated in 1943)
    • 120th Anti-tank Company (47/32 anti-tank guns; disbanded in 1943)
    • 20th Telegraph and Radio Operators Company (entered the CXX Mixed Engineer Battalion in 1943)
    • 52nd Engineer Company (entered the CXX Mixed Engineer Battalion in 1943)
    • 20th Truck Section
    • 156th Transport Section
    • 577th Transport Section (joined the division in 1943)
    • 26th Medical Section
      • 81st Field Hospital
      • 82nd Field Hospital
      • 83rd Field Hospital
      • 491st Field Hospital
      • 1x Surgical unit
    • 14th Supply Section
    • 19th Bakers Section
    • 58th Carabinieri Section
    • 59th Carabinieri Section
    • 79th Field Post Office

Attached from 10 December 1940:[2]

  • 88th CC.NN. Legion "Cappellini" (renamed 387th Infantry Regiment "Friuli" on 24 November 1943; disbanded 31 August 1944)
    • Command Company
    • LXXXVIII CC.NN. Battalion
    • XCVI CC.NN. Battalion
    • 96th CC.NN. Machine Gun Company

Attached in Corsica:[2]

  • DX Mobile Territorial Battalion

Combat Group "Friuli"[]

  • Regio Esercito - Gruppo Combattimento Friuli.svg Combat Group "Friuli"[14]
    • British X Corps Liaison Squad
    • 87th Infantry Regiment "Friuli"
    • 88th Infantry Regiment "Friuli"
      • Command Company
      • 2x Fusilier battalions
      • 1x Grenadier battalion
      • Support Company (QF 6-pounder anti-tank guns)
      • Mortar Company (ML 3-inch mortars)
    • 35th Artillery Regiment "Friuli"
    • CXX Mixed Engineer Battalion
      • 2x Engineer companies
      • 1x Signal company
    • Transport and Supply Company
    • 2x Engineer field materiel companies
    • Mobile Artillery and Engineer Materiel Depot
    • 26th Medical Section
      • 519th Field Hospital
      • 960th Field Hospital
      • 130th Surgical Unit
    • 316th Bakers Section
    • 13th Truck Maintenance Workshop
    • 3x Carabinieri sections (316th, and two more)

Commanding officers[]

The division's commanding officers were:

20th Infantry Division "Friuli":[1][2]

  • Generale di Divisione Vittorio Sogno (1938 - 31 August 1940)
  • Generale di Divisione 1 (1 September 1940 - 30 November 1941)
  • Generale di Divisione Giacomo Carboni (1 December 1941 - 30 November 1942)
  • Generale di Divisione (1 December 1942 - 20 September 1943)
  • Generale di Brigata (21 September 1943 - 2 February 1944)
  • Generale di Brigata (3 February 1944 - 20 September 1944)

Combat Group "Friuli":[14]

  • Generale di Brigata Bartolomeo Pedrotti (21 September 1944 - 20 October 1944)
  • Generale di Brigata (21 October 1944 - 15 October 1945)

Division "Friuli":

  • Generale di Divisione
  • Generale di Divisione

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "20ª Divisione di fanteria "Friuli"". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Bollettino dell'Archivio dell'Ufficio Storico N.II-3 e 4 2002. Rome: Ministero della Difesa - Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito - Ufficio Storico. 2002. p. 245. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  3. ^ Voghera, Enrico (1909). Annuario militare del regno d'Italia - Volume I. Rome. p. 458.
  4. ^ a b "87° Reggimento di fanteria "Friuli"". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  5. ^ a b "88° Reggimento di fanteria "Friuli"". Regio Esercito. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  6. ^ "125° Reggimento fanteria "La Spezia"". Regio Esercito Army. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  7. ^ "126° Reggimento fanteria "La Spezia"". Regio Esercito Army. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Esercito Italiano: Divisione "NEMBO" (184^)". Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  9. ^ a b c "Esercito Italiano: Gruppo di Combattimento "Friuli" - La storia". Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  10. ^ "La Friuli diventa Vittorio Veneto". Italian Army. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2004. Retrieved 18 April 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2004. Retrieved 18 April 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ a b I Gruppi di Combattimento (1944-1945). Rome: L'Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. 1951. p. 153-164. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  • Paoletti, Ciro (2008). A Military History of Italy. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-98505-9.
  • Macksey, Major Kenneth (1971). Beda Fomm: Classic Victory. Ballentine's Illustrated History of the Violent Century, Battle Book Number 22. Ballantine Books.


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