30th Cavalry Division (Soviet Union)

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30th Cavalry Division
Activeunknown - 1938, June 1941 - c. 1945
CountrySoviet Union
BranchCavalry
SizeDivision
EngagementsSecond World War
Battle honours"Baranovichi", "Slonim" and "Brest"

The 30th Cavalry Division was a unit of the Soviet Red Army. The unit was disbanded in 1938 but reformed shortly after the June 1941 invasion of the USSR by Nazi Germany. It served on the Southern Front and helped push back Axis forces during the Battle of Rostov. In August 1943 the 30th Cavalry Division was commended by Joseph Stalin for their actions in the liberation of Taganrog and it later operated near Odessa. In the second half of 1944 the division was deployed in the Soviet centre, in modern-day Belarus. The unit received the honorifics "Baranovichi", "Slonim" and "Brest" but was almost destroyed at Nyíregyháza by a German counterattack during the Battle of Debrecen. After the war all Soviet cavalry divisions were converted into mechanised divisions.

Pre-war[]

The 30th Cavalry Division was commanded by General from 1935 to 1937.[1] It was disbanded in 1938.[2]

Second World War[]

Part of the 4th Guards Cavalry Corps near Odessa, 1944

Following the June 1941 invasion of the USSR by Nazi Germany the 30th Cavalry Division was reformed in Odessa Military District on 10 July. It was formed of the 127th, 133rd and 138th Cavalry Regiments and was commanded by Major General Nikolay Andreyevich Pichugin. The 30th Cavalry Division was assigned initially to the 18th Army before being transferred to the 12th Army on the Southern Front.[2][3] The 30th Cavalry Division was deployed alongside the 96th Mountain Rifle Division south of Novokyivka, facing the Hungarian portion of the Axis advance.[3]

By late November 1941 the 30th Cavalry Division was fighting in the Battle of Rostov. A Soviet attack forced German forces back from Rostov towards their bridgehead at Taganrog. The 30th Cavalry Division was successful in penetrating the German rear and harassing them during the retreat to the Mius-Front.[4]

In December 1941 the 30th Cavalry Division was assigned to the 6th Cavalry Corps and on 18 January 1942 transferred to the 5th Cavalry Corps. In February it was assigned to the 9th Army, returning to the 5th Cavalry Corps within 12th Army in May and back to the 9th Army in July.[2] In August it became part of the 4th Guards Cavalry Corps, along with the 9th and 10th Guards Cavalry Divisions[5] During 1942 Major General Vasily Sergeyevich Golovskoi assumed command of the 30th Cavalry Division.[2]

The 30th Cavalry Division was reinforced in 1943 with a draft of men forcibly conscripted from the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, though the region met scarcely half of its 3,000-man recruitment target.[6] In January 1943 the division was augmented with a mortar-artillery regiment and in June 1943 was assigned the 151st Tank Regiment.[2] In August 1943 the division, which was then commanded by Major General Ivan Tutarinov, was one of a number commended by Joseph Stalin for their actions in the liberation of Taganrog.[7]

The unit remained with the 4th Guards Cavalry Corps (commanded by Lieutenant General Issa Pliyev) into 1944.[8] In early 1944 during the Dnieper–Carpathian offensive the 30th Cavalry Division, under Major General , fell upon German divisions withdrawing from Odessa, forcing their surrender.[9] The division was moved further north and west later that year. In July 1944 it raced to seize Stowbtsy (modern Belarus) ahead of advancing German forces from the 28th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht).[10] That same month it received the honorifics "Baranovichi" and "Slonim", receiving one for "Brest" in August.[2]

The 30th Cavalry Division was part of the Soviet forces committed at Nyíregyháza in the Autumn 1944 Battle of Debrecen. The unit was effectively wiped out by a counterattack by the 23rd Panzer Division on 24 October which recaptured the town. It had by this point been equipped with vehicles of American origin through the Lend-Lease scheme.[11][12][13]

The division survived and in 1945 was commanded by Major General Grigoriy Ivanocvich Reva. The 30th Cavalry Division was one of the few pre-war regular divisions of the Red Army that was not redesignated as guards during the war.[2] The Red Army's cavalry divisions were converted into mechanised divisions after the war, though some survived until Georgy Zhukov's reforms of 1954–55.[14]

References[]

  1. ^ Lopukhovsky, Lev (1 August 2013). The Viaz'ma Catastrophe, 1941: The Red Army's Disastrous Stand against Operation Typhoon. Helion and Company. p. 512. ISBN 978-1-908916-50-1.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Pettibone, Charles D. (18 November 2009). The Organization and Order of Battle of Militaries in World War Ii: Volume V - Book B Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Trafford Publishing. p. 657. ISBN 978-1-4269-7815-9.
  3. ^ a b Mujzer, Péter (27 July 2021). Hungarian Soldier Vs Soviet Soldier: Eastern Front 1941. Bloomsbury USA. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4728-4565-8.
  4. ^ Harrel, John S. (30 September 2019). Soviet Cavalry Operations During the Second World War: & the Genesis of the Operational Manoeuvre Group. Pen and Sword. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-5267-4303-9.
  5. ^ Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan Mallory (2009). Armageddon in Stalingrad: September-November 1942. University Press of Kansas. p. 594. ISBN 978-0-7006-1664-0.
  6. ^ Marshall, Alex (13 September 2010). The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule. Routledge. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-136-93825-2.
  7. ^ Information Bulletin. The Embassy of the USSR in Washington DC. 1943. p. 96.
  8. ^ Glantz, David; Orenstein, Harold S. (2004). Belorussia 1944: The Soviet General Staff Study. Psychology Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-415-35116-4.
  9. ^ Buttar, Prit (12 October 2021). The Reckoning: The Defeat of Army Group South, 1944. Bloomsbury USA. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-4728-3792-9.
  10. ^ Dunn, Walter S. (12 February 2008). Soviet Blitzkrieg: The Battle for White Russia, 1944. Stackpole Books. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-4617-5169-4.
  11. ^ Afiero, Massimiliano (9 December 2015). The European Volunteer. Soldiershop Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 978-88-9327-003-8.
  12. ^ Rebentisch, Ernst (21 March 2012). The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II. Stackpole Books. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-8117-4641-0.
  13. ^ Hill, Alexander (2017). The Red Army and the Second World War. Cambridge University Press. p. 528. ISBN 978-1-107-02079-5.
  14. ^ The Soviet Airborne Experience. DIANE Publishing. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-4289-1582-4.
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