3548 Eurybates

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3548 Eurybates
Eurybates-satellite.gif
Eurybates and its satellite Queta imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2019-2020
Discovery [1]
Discovered byC. J. van Houten
I. van Houten-G.
Tom Gehrels
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date19 September 1973
Designations
(3548) Eurybates
Pronunciation/jʊˈrɪbətiːz/[8]
Named after
Eurybates [2]
(Greek mythology)
Alternative designations
1973 SO · 1954 CB
1957 JX · 1978 EE5
1985 TZ
Minor planet category
Jupiter trojan [1][3][4]
Greek [5][6]
Eurybates [6][7]
binary
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc19.59 yr (7,154 d)
Aphelion5.6525 AU
Perihelion4.7317 AU
5.1921 AU
Eccentricity0.0887
11.83 yr (4,321 d)
237.34°
0° 4m 59.88s / day
Inclination8.0591°
43.538°
27.799°
Jupiter MOID0.0945 AU
TJupiter2.9720
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
63.89±0.30 km[9][10]
68.40±3.92 km[11]
72.08 km (derived)[4]
72.14±4.1 km[12]
8.711±0.009 h[13]
8.73±0.01 h[14]
0.0491 (derived)[4]
0.052±0.007[9][10]
0.0538±0.007[12]
0.060±0.007[11]
C (assumed)[4][10]
CP [15]
B–V = 0.677±0.052[16]
V–R = 0.352±0.045[16]
V–I = 0.691±0.050[16]
Absolute magnitude (H)
9.50[11][12]
9.55±0.30[17]
9.6[1][3][4]
9.8[9]

3548 Eurybates (/jʊˈrɪbətiːz/ yə-RIB-ə-teez) is a carbonaceous Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp and the parent body of the Eurybates family, approximately 68 kilometers (42 miles) in diameter. It is a target to be visited by the Lucy mission in August 2027. Discovered during the second Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey in 1973, it was later named after Eurybates from Greek mythology. The C/P-type asteroid belongs to the 60 largest Jupiter trojans and has a rotation period of 8.7 hours. Eurybates has one known satellite, named Queta, that was discovered in images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in September 2018.

Discovery[]

Eurybates was discovered on 19 September 1973, by Dutch astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. In 1951, it was first observed as 1954 CB at the Goethe Link Observatory, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 22 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.[1] Since the discovery of 588 Achilles by Max Wolf in 1906, more than 7000 Jupiter trojans, with nearly 4600 bodies in the Greek camp, have already been discovered.[5]

Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey[]

While the discovery date aligns with the second Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, Eurybates has not received a "T-2" prefixed survey designation, which was assigned for the discoveries made by the fruitful collaboration between the Palomar and Leiden observatories in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroids.[18]

Orbit and classification[]

Eurybates is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of Jupiter's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy).[5][6] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.7–5.7 AU once every 11 years and 10 months (4,321 days; semi-major axis of 5.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]

Eurybates family[]

Eurybates is the parent body of the small Eurybates family (005),[6][7] with 218 known members of carbonaceous and/or primitive composition.[15]: 23  Only a few families have been identified among the Jovian asteroids; four of them in the Greek camp. This potentially collisional family was first characterized by Jakub Rozehnal and Miroslav Brož in 2011, and further described in 2014.[19][20] Members of this family include the Jupiter trojans (5258) 1989 AU1, 8060 Anius, 9818 Eurymachos, (163189) 2002 EU6, (287577) 2003 FE42 and 360072 Alcimedon.[15]

Physical characteristics[]

Eurybates has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid by both the Lucy mission team and Brian Warner's Lightcurve Data Base.[4][10] The overall spectral type for members of the Eurybates family is that of a C- and P-type.[15]: 23 

Rotational lightcurves[]

In May 1992, a rotational lightcurve of Eurybates was obtained from photometric observations by Stefano Mottola and Maria Gonano–Beurer using the now decommissioned ESO 1-metre telescope at La Silla Observatory in northern Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 8.711 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude (U=3-).[4][13] In October 2010, photometric observations by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) in California gave a concurring period of 8.73 hours and an amplitude of 0.19 magnitude (U=2+).[4][14]

Eurybates has two determined spin axes at (143.0°, −45.0°) and/or (325.0°, –61.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[10]

Diameter and albedo[]

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Eurybates measures between 63.89 and 72.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.052 and 0.060.[9][11][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with IRAS, and derives an albedo of 0.0491 and a diameter of 72.08 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 9.6.[4]

100+ largest Jupiter trojans

Naming[]

This minor planet was named after Eurybates, the Ancient hero from Greek mythology, who was a herald for the Greek armies during the Trojan War.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 April 1991 (M.P.C. 18138).[21]

Lucy mission target[]

Animation of Lucy's trajectory around Sun
  Lucy ·    Sun ·    Earth ·    52246 Donaldjohanson  ·   3548 Eurybates ·    21900 Orus ·    617 Patroclus

Eurybates is planned to be visited by the Lucy spacecraft which will launch in 2021. The fly by is scheduled for 12 August 2027, and will approach the asteroid to a distance of 1000 kilometers at a velocity of 5.8 kilometers per second and a solar phase angle of 81°.[10]

Satellite[]

"Queta (moon)" redirects here. For the Olympic athlete, see Enriqueta Basilio.
Discovery images of Queta taken by Hubble on 12–14 September 2018

Eurybates has one known satellite, named Queta after Mexican Olympic athlete Enriqueta Basilio.[22] Provisionally designated S/2018 (3548) 1, the satellite was discovered by and colleagues in images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope in September 2018.[23][24] Subsequent follow-up observations later confirmed the satellite's existence, and the discovery was announced on 9 January 2020. The satellite was given the name Queta on 15 October 2020, in accordance with the International Astronomical Union's Olympic athlete naming convention for small Jupiter trojans (H > 12). In the naming citation, Enriqueta Basilio was recognized as the first woman torchbearer at the 1968 Summer Olympics, analogous to the role of heralds like Eurybates.[22]

Queta is very dim, with an apparent magnitude of ~26.77. It is at least 6,000 times fainter than Eurybates, suggesting that it is likely very small in size, less than 1 km (0.62 mi) in diameter.[25] Assuming that Queta has the same albedo as Eurybates, its diameter would be 0.8±0.2 km.[23] The satellite has an orbital period of 82.6±0.4 days, with a semi-major axis of 2,310 ± 100 km (1,435 ± 62 mi) and low eccentricity of 0.05±0.05.[22] It is probably a fragment of Eurybates since it is part of a known collisional family.[26] The presence of the satellite does not pose any adverse effects on the Lucy mission, though it provides an additional object for the spacecraft to study during its flyby in 2027.[25][26]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "3548 Eurybates (1973 SO)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(3548) Eurybates". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3548) Eurybates. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 298. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3547. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3548 Eurybates (1973 SO)" (2017-05-26 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "LCDB Data for (3548) Eurybates". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 12 March 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Asteroid (3548) Eurybates – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Asteroid 3548 Eurybates – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  8. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. S2CID 119101711. (online catalog)
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Levison, H. F.; Olkin, C.; Noll, K. S.; Marchi, S.; Lucy Team (March 2017). "Lucy: Surveying the Diversity of the Trojan Asteroids: The Fossils of Planet Formation" (PDF). 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1964): 2025. Bibcode:2017LPI....48.2025L. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Mottola, Stefano; Di Martino, Mario; Erikson, Anders; Gonano-Beurer, Maria; Carbognani, Albino; Carsenty, Uri; et al. (May 2011). "Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 141 (5): 32. Bibcode:2011AJ....141..170M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b Stephens, Robert D. (April 2010). "Trojan Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Santana Observatories: 2009 October - December". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (2): 47–48. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...47S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014. (online catalog Archived 2 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c Hainaut, O. R.; Boehnhardt, H.; Protopapa, S. (October 2012). "Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 20. arXiv:1209.1896. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A.115H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219566. S2CID 54776793.
  17. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339.
  18. ^ "Minor Planet Discoverers". Minor Planet Center. 31 May 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  19. ^ Broz, M.; Rozehnal, J. (June 2011). "Eurybates – the only asteroid family among Trojans?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 414 (1): 565–574. arXiv:1109.1109. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.414..565B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18420.x. S2CID 118743237.
  20. ^ Rozehnal, J.; Brož, M. (July 2014). "Long-term evolution of asteroid families among Jovian Trojans". Asteroids: 452. Bibcode:2014acm..conf..452R. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  21. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b c "MPEC 2020-T164 : (3548) Eurybates I = Queta". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b "MPEC 2020-A113 : S/2018 (3548) 1". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  24. ^ Noll, Keith S. (2018), HST Proposal 15622, Space Telescope Science Institute, retrieved 7 June 2019
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Talbert, Tricia (9 January 2020). "NASA's Lucy Mission Confirms Discovery of Eurybates Satellite". NASA. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b "SwRI-led Lucy mission now has a new destination". Southwest Research Institute. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.

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