4-Chlorophenol

4-Chlorophenol
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 4-Chlorophenol
	Other names p-Chlorophenol
Identifiers
CAS Number	106-48-9;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
3DMet	B00391;
Beilstein Reference	507004
ChEBI	CHEBI:28078;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL57053;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.094
EC Number	203-402-6;
Gmelin Reference	2902
KEGG	C02124;
PubChem CID	4684;
RTECS number	SK2800000;
UNII	3DLC36A01X;
UN number	2020
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1021871 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H5ClO/c7-5-1-3-6(8)4-2-5/h1-4,8H Key: WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES C1=CC(=CC=C1O)Cl;
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H5ClO
Molar mass	128.56 g·mol−1
Appearance	White solid
Density	1.31 g/cm3
Melting point	42.8 °C (109.0 °F; 315.9 K)
Boiling point	217 °C (423 °F; 490 K)
Solubility in water	27.1 g/L
Refractive index (nD)	1.5579
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H290, H301, H302, H312, H314, H332, H411
Precautionary statements	P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P390, P391, P404, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	Infobox references

4-Chlorophenol is an organic compound with the formula ClC₆H₄OH. It is one of three monochlorophenol isomers. It is a colorless or white solid that melts easily and exhibits significant solubility in water. Its pK_a is 9.14.

Preparation and reaction[]

It is prepared by chlorination of phenol, preferably in polar solvents, which tends to yield the 4-chloro derivative. Direct chlorination of molten phenol favors the formation of 2-chlorophenol.^[1]

It once was produced on a large scale as a precursor to hydroquinone.^[1] It is a classic precursor, upon reaction with phthalic anhydride, to quinizarin.^[2] The commercial dye quinizarin is produced by the reaction of phthalic anhydride and 4-chlorophenol followed by hydrolysis of the chloride.^[3]

Clofibrate, a drug for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood, is derived from 4-chlorophenol.

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References[]

^ ^a ^b François Muller; Liliane Caillard (2011). "Chlorophenols". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_001.pub2.
^ Bigelow, L. A.; Reynolds, H. H. (1926). "Quinizarin". Org. Synth. 6: 78. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.006.0078.
^ Bien, H.-S.; Stawitz, J.; Wunderlich, K. "Anthraquinone Dyes and Intermediates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_355.

[Ull2-1] François Muller; Liliane Caillard (2011). "Chlorophenols". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_001.pub2.

[2] Bigelow, L. A.; Reynolds, H. H. (1926). "Quinizarin". Org. Synth. 6: 78. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.006.0078.

[Ullmann-3] Bien, H.-S.; Stawitz, J.; Wunderlich, K. "Anthraquinone Dyes and Intermediates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_355.

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