4 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
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4 Commando ANC | |
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Active | Dec 1960 - 1961 |
Country | ![]() |
Type | Commando Mercenary |
Role | Close-quarters combat Counterinsurgency Covert operation Desert warfare Direct action Forward air control Forward observer High-value target Jungle warfare Raiding Reconnaissance Tactical emergency medical services Tracking Unconventional warfare Urban warfare |
Size | Classified |
Nickname(s) | Force Katangaise |
Engagements | Katanga and South Kasai secessions |
Commanders | |
Commander | Frédéric Vandewalle |
Commander | Mike Hoare |
4 Commando (also known as "4 Commando ANC" and "Force Katangaise") was a mercenary unit of the Armée Nationale Congolaise (the Congolese National Army) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1960 to 1961. It was formed in Katanga as a scratch unit made up of locally recruited citizens, Belgians, doctors, pilots and other mercenary volunteers from around the world. The unit was initially created by Frédéric Vandewalle and later commanded by Lt. Col. Mike Hoare.[1]
Activities in Congo[]
4 Commando involvement in the Congo was limited and short-lived. The Commando was composed of citizenry, World War Two veterans, former members of the Rhodesian Light Infantry (RLI) and ex-members of the Israeli Army. The Commando only saw action from 7 April to 11 April 1961 opposing United Nations peacekeeping forces and Baluba militias advance on Baluba along with the gendarmerie of the State of Katanga. The mercenary forces were unable to hold back the UN forces and by August/September 1961, 4 Commando and the (Compagnie Internationale) were forced out of Katanga by Malayan members of the UN Peacekeeping forces.[2]
The mercenaries had let Tshombe down badly and had failed to ensure the secession of Katanga. Although they had proved ruthless against the Baluba in north Katanga and against the Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC) units they encountered on the borders, they had failed miserably in repelling the United Nations forces encountered in the field and had simply "..melted away".[3] The Commando was disbanded in December 1961, and after the Katanga debacle, the "4 Commando" name was never used again. When asked to form a new, large mercenary contingent, Hoare elected to name it 5 Commando as opposed to expanding 4 Commando.[1]
References[]
Citations[]
- ^ a b "A list of known Soldiers of Fortune who served in the Congo conflict some time during the 1960's".
- ^ Rookes 2018, pp. 152–153.
- ^ Clarke 1968, pp. 36.
Bibliography[]
- Clarke, S.J.G. (1968). The Congo Mercenary: A history and analysis (PDF). Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs.
- Rookes, Stephen (2018). From the Bay of Pigs to Lake Tanganyika: non-state armed actors in the Congo crisis, 1960-1967. Toulouse: Université Toulouse le Mirail.
- British mercenaries
- Democratic Republic of the Congo military personnel
- People of the Congo Crisis
- People of the State of Katanga
- South African mercenaries
- Congo Crisis
- Separatism in Africa
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- State of Katanga
- Democratic Republic of the Congo stubs