AP Stylebook

AP Stylebook

AP Stylebook, 2004 edition
Author	AP Editors (1909–1952) G. P. Winkler (1953–1970) Howard Angione (1977) Angione & E.A. Powell (1980) An., Pow. & C.W. French (1984) French (1986) French & Norm Goldstein (1988) Goldstein (1992–2007) AP Editors (since 2008)
Original title	The Associate Press Rules Regulations and General Orders
Country	United States
Language	English[a]
Series	Updated biennially
Subject	Style guide
Genre	Journalism reference
Publisher	Lorenz Press
Publication date	1909 (1st internal ed.) 1953 (1st public ed.) 1977 (1st public modern ed.) 2020 (latest public modern ed.)
Pages	640 (PB) 619 (SB)
ISBN	978-1-541647-57-2 (PB) 978-0-917360-69-5 (SB)

Style guides

ACS Style Guide AMA Manual of Style AP Stylebook APA Style The ASA Style Guide The Bluebook The Business Style Handbook California Style Manual The Cambridge Guide to English Usage The Chicago Manual of Style Citing Medicine The Elements of Style The Elements of Typographic Style Fowler's Modern English Usage Garner's Modern English Usage IEEE style ISO 690 MHRA Style Guide Microsoft Manual of Style MLA Handbook The New York Times Manual The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules Scientific Style and Format (CSE style) Turabian: A Manual for Writers en:Wikipedia Manual of Style (MoS) List of style guide abbreviations

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The AP Stylebook, also known by its full name The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law, is an American-English grammar style and usage guide created by American journalists working for or connected with the Associated Press. Although it is sold as a guide for reporters, it has become the leading reference for most forms of public-facing corporate communication over the last half-century. The Stylebook offers a basic reference to American-English grammar, punctuation and principles of reporting, including many definitions and rules for usage as well as styles for capitalization, abbreviation, spelling and numerals.

The first publicly available edition of the book was published in 1953. The first modern edition was published in August 1977 by Lorenz Press. Afterwards, various paperback editions were published by different publishers including, among others, Turtleback Books, Penguin's Laurel Press, Pearson's Addison-Wesley, and Hachette's Perseus Books and Basic Books. Since 1985 the AP Stylebook has been updated annually, usually in May. Modern editions are released in several formats, including paperback and flat-lying spiral-bound editions, as well as a digital e-book edition and an online subscription version. Additionally, today the AP Stylebook also provides English grammar recommendation through its presence on social media, including Twitter,^[1] Facebook,^[2]Pinterest.^[3] and Instagram,^[4]

From 1977 to 2005 more than two million copies of the AP Stylebook have been sold worldwide, with that number climbing to 2.5 million by 2011.^[5][6] Writers in broadcasting, magazine publishing, marketing departments and public relations firms traditionally adopt and apply AP grammar and punctuation styles.

Organization[]

The AP stylebook is organized into sections:

Business Guidelines

A reference section for reporters covering business and financial news including general knowledge of accounting, bankruptcy, mergers and international bureaus. For instance, it includes explanations of five different chapters of bankruptcy.

Sports Guidelines and Style

Includes terminology, statistics, organization rules and guidelines commonly referenced by sports reporters, such as the correct way to spell and use basketball terminology like half-court pass, field goal and goal-tending.

Guide to Punctuation

A specific guide on how to use punctuation in journalistic materials. This section includes rules regarding hyphens, commas, parentheses and quotations.

Briefing on Media Law

An overview of legal issues and ethical expectations for those working in journalism, including the difference between slander and libel. Slander is spoken; libel is written.

Photo Captions

The simple formula of what to include when writing a photo caption, usually called a cutline in newspapers.

Editing Marks

A key with editing symbols to assist the journalist with the proofreading process.

Digital Security

A guide to protect journalist, their work, sources, online accounts, and avoid online harassment.

Bibliography

This provides second reference materials for information not included in the book. For example, it says to use Webster's New World College Dictionary, as reference after the AP Stylebook for spelling, style, usage and foreign geographic names.

Title[]

From 1909, when the first stylebook-like guide was released internally under the title: "The Associate Press Rules Regulations and General Orders", and until 1953, the stylebook was published under different titles including, among others, Instructions for Correspondents of the Associate Press, The Associate Press. Regulations Traffic Department, A Guide for Filing Editors. The Associated Press, A Guide for Foreign Correspondents. The Associated Press, A Guide for Writers. The Associated Press, The AP Copy Book, and AP Writing Handbook.

The first publicly available edition of AP Stylebook was published in 1953 under the title "The Associated Press Style Book". Since 1953, the stylebook has been published under different titles, including Writing for The AP; AP Stylebook; and The Associated Press Stylebook and Libel Manual.^[7]

A common name for the AP stylebook, among some journalists, is the 'journalist bible'.^[8]

In 2000, the guide was renamed The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law and the paperback edition has been published under this title since then.^[9][10] Some editions, such as the spiral-bound and e-book editions, use the shorter title The Associated Press Stylebook on their covers.

History[]

The Associated Press organization was first created in 1846. The first internal AP "guide" did not deal with English words and grammar and was more of a brochure with 24 pages of various titles and corporate structures of the Associated Press organization. It was published in 1900 under the title "The Associated Press".

The first real stylebook-like guide dealing, to a significant extent, with American-English words and grammar was released in 1909, under the title: "The Associate Press Rules Regulations and General Orders".^{[b][11][12][13]}

By the early 1950s the publication was formalized into the AP Stylebook and became the leading professional English grammar reference by most member and non-member news bureaus throughout the world. Due to growing demand by non-member journalists and writers working in public-facing corporate communications, the AP published their first official "stylebook" for the general public in 1953 under the title Associated Press Style Book; the first publication focused on "where the wire set a specific style".^{[14][15][16][17]} For nearly a quarter century it assumed its reader had a "solid grounding in language and a good reference library" and thus omitted any guidelines in those broader areas.^[17] In 1977, prompted by AP Executive News Editor Lou Boccardi's request for "more of a reference work", the organization started expanding the book and in 1977 produced a book that was different in a few fundamental regards.^[17] Firstly, The structure was changed and entries were organized in alphabetical order so that users could find what they need in a timely manner.^[18] Secondly, in 1977 the book was published for the first time by a 3rd party publisher – Lorenz Press.^[19] Thirdly, in 1977, UPI and AP cooperated to produce stylebooks for each organization that are based on revisions and guidelines jointly agreed on by editors of both UPI Stylebook (Bobby Ray Miller) and AP Stylebook (Howard Angione).^[20][21] In 1982, Eileen Alt Powell, a co-editor of AP Stylebook 1980 edition, stated that:

Howard Angione... at times thought the task he and UPI counterpart Bobby Ray Miller had undertaken resembled the quest of Don Quixote. It was "an impossible dream", Angione said, to find style rules that pleased everyone, especially since even grammarians couldn't agree among themselves.^[21]

In 1989, Norm Goldstein became the AP Stylebook lead editor, a job he held until the 2007 edition.^[17] After publishing the final edition under his editorship, Goldstein commented on the future of the AP Stylebook's section on name references:

I think the difference... now is that there is more information available on the Internet, and I'm not sure, and at least our executive editor is not sure, how much of a reference book we ought to be any more. I think some of our historical background material like on previous hurricanes and earthquakes, that kind of encyclopedic material that's so easily available on the Internet now, might be cut back.^[17]

After Norm Goldstein stepped down as lead editor in 2007, in bibliographical records for all subsequent editions starting from 2008 lead editors' names are usually not explicitly called out and the author is simply referred to as Associated Press or AP Editors. In 2009 and 2011 the Stylebook was released as an app called AP Stylebook Mobile edition for iOS and BlackBerry, respectively,^[22][23][24] however it was later discontinued in 2015 in favor of users simply accessing AP Stylebook Online edition through their desktop or mobile browsers.^[25][26] In March 2019 AP created an Archived AP Stylebooks section on its apstylebook.com website where anyone can access previous versions of the AP Stylebook starting from 1900 "brochure on AP corporate structure" and all the way to 1977 edition.^[14]

The first Spanish AP Stylebook was created in 2012, after requests from the AP Mexico City bureau and others to develop such a stylebook. The bureau at the time was looking for ways to expand into Latin America while bridging the language barrier. In 2013 the AP Spanish Stylebook came into fruition and is now available to everyone.^[27] The Spanish AP Stylebook is also referred to as the Manual de Estilo.

The most recent print edition is the 2020–2022 AP Stylebook, available spiral-bound directly from AP, and as a perfect-bound paperback sold by Basic Books. Creation of AP Stylebook has been helmed by lead editor Paula Froke since 2016.^[28][29]

Impact on American-English[]

Since the assassination of President Lincoln, the Associated Press has been informing the world of history's most important events.^[30] Through its standardization of grammar, the AP style and similar styles used by other syndicated news services; such as United Press International, helped attract and maintain some of the largest readerships in the world. The enormous popularity over the 20th century made syndicated news the most trusted form of third-person American-English. In fact, the influence of the AP and similar news service styles reached far beyond the news writing community.^[31][32]

Many other North American sectors, also disseminating information to the public, began to adopt news styles as early as the late 1800s. Scientific, business and government writing in the US have all been greatly influenced by the AP and other news service styles. Mostly, because the AP's standardization of style has the same goal of winning the trust of readers. Even though many of these sectors now have their own similar style guides, third-person writers working in all sectors continue to reference the AP stylebook for general grammar more than any other style guide available.^[33][34]

Edition[]

Edition number: English edition[]

The first publicly available English edition of the book was released in 1953.^[14] However, all editions prior to 1977 are not included in the editions count and the first modern edition is considered to be the August 1977 edition released for the first time by Lorenz Press. The latest, 2020 version, is the 55th edition and can be used until^[35] 2022. The Associated Press has changed the frequency in print publication due to the popularity of the online version of the AP Stylebook. The print version will be available, unless otherwise stated, biennially.^[36]

Edition number: Spanish edition[]

Due to the rising influence of the Spanish language worldwide, in November 2012 Associated Press added, in addition to American-English, its first ever Spanish edition of its Stylebook.^[37][38] The Spanish edition is separate from English edition and has a different website, as well as Twitter and Facebook accounts.^[39][40] Unlike the English edition which currently has both online and print versions, the Spanish edition only has an online edition. The Spanish edition does not have an 'edition number' since it only exists as an online service.

Revision process[]

From 1980 to 1984 the English edition was updated biennially. Since 1985 the English edition of the stylebook has been updated annually, usually in May, at which time edits and new entries may be added to keep the stylebook up to date with technological and cultural changes. The stylebook recently decided to change the frequency with which it is reprinted, and the 2020 stylebook will be sold through 2022.^[41]

In 2005, dozens of new or revised entries were added, including "Sept. 11", "e.g." and "i.e.", "FedEx" and "Midwest region".^[6]

In 2008, more than 200 new or revised entries were added, including "iPhone", "anti-virus", "outsourcing", "podcast", "text messaging", "social networking", "high-definition" and "Wikipedia".^[42]

In 2009, more than 60 new or revised entries were added, including "Twitter", "baba ghanoush" and "texting".^[43]

In 2013, more than 90 new or revised entries were added, including "Benedictine", "Grand Marnier", "madeleine" and "upside-down cake", "chichi" and "froufrou".^[15]

In 2019, more than 200 new or revised entries were added, including "budtender", "deepfake" and "cryptocurrency".^[44]

The 2020–2022 edition was released on May 21, 2020. More than 90 new or revised technology-related entries were added, including "internet privacy", "digital wallet" / "mobile wallet", "smart devices", and "lidar". A new chapter was added about digital security for journalists.^{[45][46][failed verification]}

Notes[]

References[]

External links[]

• Official website (English edition)
• Official website (Spanish edition)
• Quick Associated Press Style from The COM Writing Center, at scribd.com (subscription required)