Abánades

show This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (November 2011) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Abánades]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|es|Abánades}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Abánades, Spain
Flag Seal
Abánades Location in Spain Abánades Abánades (Castilla-La Mancha) Abánades Abánades (Spain) Show map of Province of GuadalajaraShow map of Castilla-La ManchaShow map of SpainShow all
Coordinates: 40°53′33″N 2°29′7″W / 40.89250°N 2.48528°W / 40.89250; -2.48528Coordinates: 40°53′33″N 2°29′7″W / 40.89250°N 2.48528°W / 40.89250; -2.48528[2]
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Castile-La Mancha
Province	Guadalajara
Municipality	Abánades
Area
• Total	36.08 km2 (13.93 sq mi)
Elevation	1,039 m (3,409 ft)
Population  (2018)[1]
• Total	53
• Density	1.5/km2 (3.8/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)

Abánades is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 75 inhabitants.

Demography[]

Medieval history of Abánades[]

During the 10th century Abánades, already sufficiently developed, was located in a large area known as the Barusa, the upper limit of Al-Andalus, i.e. the border with the Northern Christian kingdoms. The Kingdom of León, which already had with its small independent county called Castile, and the Kingdom of Navarre, bordered Barusa. This area was of importance from the times of the Arab settlement in the Peninsula, because of the city of Medina Selim, Medinaceli. General Tarik had, in 712 reached Zaragoza with his Arab troops, after defeating the Visigoth King Roderic in Guadalete, and founded a medina - city - there on the ruins of the Roman city, abandoned during the later Empire.

It was not until the 10th and 11th centuries that Medinaceli became the military capital of the Marca Media, with leader Almanzor, retaining its strategic importance as a defensive fortress against the progress of the Christian kingdoms. In the 12th century, specifically in 1104, the Castilian King Alfonso VI and his captains reconquered the city, and with it, its zone of influence, which included the future community of Villa and Tierra de Medinaceli, with territories in Soria, Northern Guadalajara and part of Teruel. Although there are informational documentaries of Abánades up to the first year of the 14th century, by then it was already framed in the jurisdiction of Medinaceli, which suggests that it also belonged to that city under Arab rule.^{[citation needed]}

10th and 11th centuries[]

Nothing or very little is known of the Arab population enclaves during the 10th and 11th centuries. It has been documented that many cities lost their population, migrating to safer areas, converting urban centers into military camps supplied from the people who were under their dominion. These villages, meanwhile, constituted the possessions of landowners of Arab origin, land given to farmers and Mozarabic merchants - Christians living in the Caliphate or Taifa kingdoms, who were still practicing their religion - the Jewish population, and non Arabic Muslims. When the territories were incorporated into the Christian possessions, Arab nobility was replaced by new Christian owners, who retained the mass Mozarabic populations, Jews and Muslims under their control. These populations were further enhanced with new settlers in depopulated areas.

12th century[]

In 1104 Alfonso VI reconquered Medinaceli,^[4] and left Captain Gonzalo Núñez de Lara there as lieutenant, with complete freedom to organize the municipality. The repopulation did not start until fifty years later, when they managed to expel the Arabs from the Calatayud and Sigüenza regions. Of particular importance was the taking of the Segontin capital by Bishop D. Bernardo. However the complete conquest of the territory in which Abánades sits and its neighboring towns as far as La Torresaviñán was undertaken by Manrique Pérez de Lara, First Lord of Molina, whose domain extended into this area. In 1154 Manrique ceded this part of the lordship to the diocese of Sigüenza, which claimed its rights based on a document called the Hitación de Wamba (The division of Wamba). This document reflects the division of the dioceses effected during the times of Visigothic king Wamba, which lists the villages covered. Supposedly this 'hitación' was brought to Asturias with the Christian troops that survived after the Arab invasion. León still remains today.

Origin of Abánades[]

There is no documentary evidence of Abánades until the first year of the 12th century, when Peter I (the Cruel), King of Castile, mandated the carrying out of the Behetrías Bull, to find out all the people who were within the domain of the Castile crown. By means of a study by Gonzalo Martinez, the village communities and the land of Extremadura Castellana, historians have been able to discover the geographic location of the populations mentioned in the same Bull. Through these the existence of some disappeared populations, which remain as ruins in present municipalities, or whose existence has survived as a legend, were able to be discovered.

Late Middle Ages[]

Starting from 1350 the development of Abánades is clearer through studies by Maria Luisa Pardo Rodriguez into the Archives of the Dukes of Medinaceli in Seville. Through her it is known that the Dukedom of Medinaceli was given by King Henry II of Castile to Bernardo de Bearne, along with the title of count, in 1368.^[5] From 1368-1392 he had 107 villages under his control, but due to the war with Aragon and personal incursions by Count Don Gastón de la Cerda there was significant depopulation in some areas, i.e. 44 villages disappeared. One of the villages that disappeared, Casares, now forms part of the municipality.

Monuments[]

Amount the more notable monuments is the Church of St. Peter, dating from the 16th century. There is also the Chapel of Our Lady of Mercy, another prominent building.

References[]