Abhurite

Abhurite
Abhurite
	Brownish tabular crystals of abhurite from Shipwreck "Hydra", South coast of Norway
General
Category	Halide mineral
Formula; (repeating unit)	Sn21O6(OH)14Cl16
IMA symbol	Abh
Strunz classification	3.DA.30
Crystal system	Trigonal
Crystal class	Trapezohedral (32) ; H-M symbol: (32)
Space group	R32
Unit cell	a = 10.0175 Å, c = 44.014 Å; Z=3
Identification
Color	Colorless
Crystal habit	Platy, thin crystals, cryptocrystalline crusts
Twinning	On 0001
Cleavage	None
Fracture	Hackly
Tenacity	Fragile
Mohs scale hardness	2
Streak	White
Diaphaneity	Transparent
Specific gravity	4.42
Optical properties	Uniaxial (+)
Refractive index	nω = 2.060 nε = 2.110
Birefringence	δ = 0.050
References

Abhurite is a mineral of tin, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine with the formula Sn₂₁O₆(OH)₁₄Cl₁₆^[4]^[2] or Sn₃O(OH)₂Cl₂.^[5] It is named after its type locality, a shipwreck with tin ingots at , a cove near Jeddah in the Red Sea. Abhurite forms alongside other tin minerals like and cassiterite.^[6]

Locality and formation[]

Abhurite is attributed for forming on tin materials when in contact with sea water. The mineral was described in 1977 from a shipwreck near Hidra Island, Norway, where it occurred on pewter plates. However, that report was not recognized by the IMA, International Mineralogical Association.^[2] Along with Sharm Abhur and the shipwreck near Hidra Island, abhurite was found on tin ingots in the Uluburun shipwreck. On the ingots, it was found with other tin minerals like cassiterite and , and calcium carbonate minerals like calcite and aragonite.^[7]

References[]

^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mindat.org - Abhurite
^ Webmineral.org - Abhurite
^ ^a ^b Handbook of Mineralogy - Abhurite
^ Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, and Abraham Rosenzweig: "Dana's new mineralogy", p. 401. John Wiley & Sons, 1997
^ Memet, J. B. (2007). "The corrosion of metallic artefacts in seawater: descriptive analysis". In Dillmann, P.; Beranger, G.; Piccardo, P.; Matthiessen, H. (eds.). Corrosion of Metallic Heritage Artefacts: Investigation, Conservation and Prediction of Long Term Behaviour. Elsevier. pp. 152–169. doi:10.1533/9781845693015.152. ISBN 9781845693015.
^ Vandiver, Pamela B.; Goodway, Martha; Mass, Jennifer L. (2002-01-01). Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VI: Symposium Held November 26-30, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Materials Research Society. ISBN 9781558996489.

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[1] Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.

[Mindat-2] Mindat.org - Abhurite

[3] Webmineral.org - Abhurite

[HBN-4] Handbook of Mineralogy - Abhurite

[5] Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, and Abraham Rosenzweig: "Dana's new mineralogy", p. 401. John Wiley & Sons, 1997

[6] Memet, J. B. (2007). "The corrosion of metallic artefacts in seawater: descriptive analysis". In Dillmann, P.; Beranger, G.; Piccardo, P.; Matthiessen, H. (eds.). Corrosion of Metallic Heritage Artefacts: Investigation, Conservation and Prediction of Long Term Behaviour. Elsevier. pp. 152–169. doi:10.1533/9781845693015.152. ISBN 9781845693015.

[7] Vandiver, Pamela B.; Goodway, Martha; Mass, Jennifer L. (2002-01-01). Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VI: Symposium Held November 26-30, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Materials Research Society. ISBN 9781558996489.

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Abhurite

Locality and formation[]

See also[]

References[]