Adenophora
Ladybells | |
---|---|
Adenophora sp. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Campanulaceae |
Subfamily: | |
Genus: | Adenophora Fisch. |
Synonyms[1] | |
Floerkea Spreng. 1818, illegitimate homonym, not Willd. 1801 nor Raf. 1808 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adenophora. |
Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells.[2] Most are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia.[1][3]
Description[]
These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes.[3] The corollas of most species are blue.[2] There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens.[3]
Diversity[]
There are about 62 species in the genus.[3]
- – Heilongjiang
- – Sichuan
- – Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
- – Mongolia
- – Sichuan, Yunnan
- – Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
- – Henan
- – spreading-branch ladybell[5] – Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
- – Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
- [6] – erect ladybell[5] – Ulleungdo Island
- – South Korea
- – narrow-leaf ladybell[5] – Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
- – Krasnoyarsk
- – big-flower ladybell[5] – Korea
- – Kyushu
- – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
- – Hubei
- – Honshu
- – Yakutiya
- – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
- – Gayasan ladybell[5] – Korea
- (syn. A. bulleyana) – Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
- – Korean ladybell[5] – Korea
- – Lamark's ladybell[5] – Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
- Adenophora liliifolia – lily-leaf ladybell[5] central and eastern Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italy, etc.) east to Xinjiang
- – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
- – Sichuan
- – Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
- – Shikoku
- – Inner Mongolia
- – Taiwan
- – Honshu
- [7] – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
- – marsh ladybell[5] – Jilin, Korea, Honshu
- – Manchurian ladybell[5] – Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
- – Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
- – Liaoning
- – many-flower ladybell[5] – Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
- – Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
- – Primorye
- – racemose ladybell[5] – Korea
- – Incheon ladybell[5] – Korea
- – scattered ladybell[5] – Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
- – Irkutsk
- – Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
- – Krasnoyarsk
- – Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
- – Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
- – Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
- – upright ladybell[5] – Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
- – Primorye, Khabarovsk
- – Honshu
- – Jejudo ladybell[5] – Korea
- – Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
- – Crimea
- – Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
- – Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
- Adenophora triphylla – giant bellflower – Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
- – Hokkaido
- – Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
- – Beijing
- – Gansu
Uses[]
Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.[8]
References[]
- ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Perry, L. Perennial Plant Feature: Ladybells. Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont Extension
- ^ a b c d e 沙参属 sha shen shu Adenophora. Flora of China.
- ^ GRIN Species Records of Adenophora. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 364. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
- ^ Lee, S., et al. (1997). A new species of Adenophora (Campanulaceae) from Korea. Journal of Plant Research 110(1) 77-80.
- ^ Song, G. and H. De-yuan. (1999). A new species of Chinese Adenophora (Campanulaceae). Novon 9(1) 46.
- ^ YouLi, H. (2010). Resource and utilization of medicinal plant of the genus Adenophora in Qinling Mountains. Medicinal Plant 1(12) 3-6.
- Campanuloideae
- Campanulaceae genera