Aenictus
| Aenictus | |
|---|---|
| |
| A. ceylonicus worker from Indonesia | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | Formicidae
|
| Subfamily: | |
| Genus: | Aenictus Shuckard, 1840
|
| Type species | |
| [1] | |
| Diversity[2] | |
| 181 species | |
| Synonyms | |
Aenictus is a large army ant genus distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics.[3] It contains about 181 species,[2] making it one of the larger ant genera of the world.[4]
Biology and distribution[]
The genus presently has 181 species,[2] distributed through the East Mediterranean, Afrotropical, Oriental, Indo-Australian, and Australian regions.[4][5][6][7] Most of the species are tropical,[6] with terrestrial habitats, foraging in soil, leaf litter, most of the Southeast Asian species forage on the ground, and some on trees[8] and hunting other ant species and termites.[5][9][10]
Most species of the genus are specialized predators of other ants, especially of immature stages.[5][9][11] Only some Asian species such as Aenictus gracilis, , , and are known to hunt a variety of invertebrate prey, including ants, using a large number of workers in raids.[5][8][12][13] Foraging raids undertaken by these ants occur both day and night, usually across the ground surface but occasionally also in trees. During raids, numerous workers attack ant nests in a small area, with several workers coordinating their efforts to carry large prey items back to the nest or bivouac.[3] Species of Aenictus are generally small, monomorphic and yellow to dark brown.[10]
Species[]
- Shattuck, 2008
- Aenictus aitkenii Forel, 1901
- Santschi, 1910
- Wheeler, 1930
- Shuckard, 1840
- Aenictus anceps Forel, 1910
- Forel, 1911
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012
- Aenictus aratus Forel, 1900
- Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus arya Forel, 1901
- Aenictus asantei Campione, Novak & Gotwald, 1983
- Aenictus asperivalvus Santschi, 1919
- Menozzi, 1925
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Menozzi, 1932
- Aenictus binghami Forel, 1900
- Aenictus biroi Forel, 1907
- Zhou & Chen, 1999
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Emery, 1899
- Santschi, 1910
- Forel, 1912
- (Mayr, 1879)
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Aenictus brevipodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Forel, 1913
- Forel, 1913
- Wheeler & Chapman, 1925
- Zettel & Sorger, 2010
- Westwood, 1842
- Aenictus ceylonicus (Mayr, 1866)
- Terayama & Kubota, 1993
- Aenictus chapmani Wilson, 1964
- Forel, 1901
- Forel, 1901
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Santschi, 1911
- Forel, 1900
- Santschi, 1914
- Aenictus currax Emery, 1900
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- (Mayr, 1879)
- Forel, 1911
- Shattuck, 2008
- Arnol'di, 1968
- Wilson, 1964
- Jaitrong, Yamane & Chanthalangsy, 2011
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Emery, 1895
- Wilson, 1964
- Aenictus feae Emery, 1889
- Aenictus fergusoni Forel, 1901
- Santschi, 1919
- Forel, 1913
- Zhou, 2001
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Santschi, 1919
- Arnold, 1959
- Aenictus fuscipennis Forel, 1913
- Gerstäcker, 1859
- Dalla Torre, 1893
- Jaitrong & Nur-Zati, 2010
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Forel, 1901
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus gracilis Emery, 1893
- Aenictus grandis Bingham, 1903
- Aenictus gutianshanensis Staab, 2014
- Emery, 1896
- Li & Wang, 2005
- Aenictus hilli Clark, 1928
- Forel, 1901
- Terayama & Yamane, 1989
- Santschi, 1910
- Wilson, 1964
- Forel, 1911
- Aenictus idoneus Menozzi, 1928
- Westwood, 1845
- Bharti, Wachkoo & Kumar, 2012
- Yamane & Hashimoto, 1999
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Forel, 1909
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2010
- Emery, 1896
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Jaitrong & Wiwatwitaya, 2013
- (Smith, 1857)
- Terayama & Yamane, 1989
- Forel, 1901
- Bernard, 1953
- Jaitrong & Eguchi, 2010
- (Karavaiev, 1926)
- Terayama, 1984
- Aenictus longi Forel, 1901
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012
- Aenictus luteus Emery, 1892
- Wheeler & Chapman, 1925
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Emery, 1895
- Aenictus mauritanicus Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus mentu Weber, 1942
- Jaitrong & Hashimoto, 2012
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Terayama & Yamane, 1989
- Aenictus mocsaryi Emery, 1901
- Emery, 1895
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Santschi, 1913
- Wheeler, 1930
- Wilson, 1964
- Terayama & Kubota, 1993
- Smith, 1865
- (Karavaiev, 1926)
- Aenictus pachycerus (Smith, 1858)
- Zettel & Sorger, 2010
- Jaitrong, Yamane & Tasen, 2012
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Emery, 1895
- Zettel & Sorger, 2010
- Santschi, 1924
- Wilson, 1964
- Chapman, 1963
- Wheeler, 1930
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Aenictus porizonoides Walker, 1860
- Wheeler, 1930
- Shattuck, 2008
- Smith, 1859
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012
- Emery, 1901
- Forel, 1901
- Chapman, 1963
- Aenictus raptor Forel, 1913
- Chapman, 1963
- Menozzi, 1936
- Emery, 1901
- Mayr, 1901
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- André, 1893
- Forel, 1901
- Wilson, 1964
- Mathew & Tiwari, 2000
- Forel, 1901
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Wheeler, 1929
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Santschi, 1910
- Aenictus spathifer Santschi, 1928
- Mayr, 1901
- Jaitrong, Yamane & Wiwatwitaya, 2010
- Jaitrong & Hashimoto, 2012
- Jaitrong & Wiwatwitaya, 2013
- Forel, 1913
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Terayama & Kubota, 1993
- Santschi, 1915
- Forel, 1911
- Forel, 1900
- Santschi, 1924
- Emery, 1915
- Jaitrong, Yamane & Wiwatwitaya, 2010
- Bernard, 1953
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011
- Santschi, 1910
- Forel, 1901
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Bharti, Wachkoo & Kumar, 2012
- Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013
- Forel, 1890
- Wang, 2006
- Wiwatwitaya & Jaitrong, 2011
- Zhang, 1995
References[]
- ^ "Subfamily: Aenictinae". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
- ^ a b c Bolton, B. (2014). "Aenictus". AntCat. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
- ^ a b Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2013). "The Aenictus ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae) from Southeast Asia". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 31: 165–233. doi:10.3897/JHR.31.4274.
- ^ a b Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2012). "Review of the Southeast Asian species of the Aenictus javanus and Aenictus philippinensis species groups (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae)". ZooKeys (193): 49–78. doi:10.3897/zookeys.193.2768. PMC 3361139. PMID 22679379.
- ^ a b c d Gotwald WH (1995) Army ants: the Biology of Social Predation. Cornell University Press, New York, 320 pp.
- ^ a b Brown WL Jr. (2000) Diversity of ants. In: Agosti et al. (Eds) Ants. standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Biological diversity hand book series. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 280 pp.
- ^ Aktaç N, Radchenko AG, Kiran K (2004) On the taxonomy of the west Palaearctic Aenictinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici 54 (2): 361-364.
- ^ a b Hirosawa, H.; Higashi, S.; Mohamed, M. (2000). "Food habits of Aenictus army ants and their effects on the ant community in a rain forest of Borneo". Insectes Sociaux. 47: 42–49. doi:10.1007/s000400050007. S2CID 8364202.
- ^ a b Rościszewski M, Maschwitz U (1994) Prey specialization of army ants of the genus Aenictus in Malaysia. Andrias 13: 179-187.
- ^ a b Sharaf, M.; Aldawood, A.; El-Hawagry, M. (2012). "First record of the ant subfamily Aenictinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with the description of a new species". ZooKeys (228): 39–49. doi:10.3897/zookeys.228.3559. PMC 3487640. PMID 23166469.
- ^ Gotwald, W. H. (1976). "Behavioral Observations on African Army Ants of the Genus Aenictus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Biotropica. 8 (1): 59–65. doi:10.2307/2387819. JSTOR 2387819.
- ^ Shattuck SO (2008) Review of the ant genus Aenictus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Australia with notes on A. ceylonicus (Mayr). Zootaxa 1926: 1-19.
- ^ Jaitrong W, Yamane Sk (2011) Synopsis of Aenictus species groups and revision of the A. currax and A. laeviceps groups in the eastern Oriental, Indo-Australian, and Australasian regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Aenictinae). Zootaxa 3128: 1-46.
This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2012). "Review of the Southeast Asian species of the Aenictus javanus and Aenictus philippinensis species groups (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae)". ZooKeys (193): 49–78. doi:10.3897/zookeys.193.2768. PMC 3361139. PMID 22679379. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.- This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Sharaf, M.; Aldawood, A.; El-Hawagry, M. (2012). "First record of the ant subfamily Aenictinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with the description of a new species". ZooKeys (228): 39–49. doi:10.3897/zookeys.228.3559. PMC 3487640. PMID 23166469. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.
- This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Jaitrong, W. J.; Yamane, S. (2013). "The Aenictus ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae) from Southeast Asia". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 31: 165–233. doi:10.3897/JHR.31.4274. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.
External links[]
Categories:
- Dorylinae
- Ant genera
- Taxa named by William Edward Shuckard