Afghan Independence Day

Afghanistan Independence Day

د افغانستان د خپلواکۍ ورځ
*Da Afġānistān da Khpalwakey wraz* (Pashto)

روز استقلال افغانستان
*Roz-e Isteqlal-e Afġānestān* (Persian)
Afghanistan Independence Day د افغانستان د خپلواکۍ ورځ; Da Afġānistān da Khpalwakey wraz (Pashto); روز استقلال افغانستان; Roz-e Isteqlal-e Afġānestān (Persian);
	President Hamid Karzai observing the honor guard of the Afghan Armed Forces during the 2011 Afghan Independence Day in Kabul
Observed by	Afghanistan
Significance	Marks Afghanistan's regaining of full independence from British influence in 1919 (according to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan); Marks Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan's "independence" from American influence (according to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan);
Date	19 August
Next time	19 August 2022
Frequency	annual

Amanullah Khan, then Afghan emir who proclaimed independence

Afghan Independence Day is celebrated as a national holiday in Afghanistan on 19 August to commemorate the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919, resulting in the relinquishment from protected state status.^[1]^[2] Also, on the same day, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was officially declared by the Taliban.^[3] Afghanistan gained independence from British rule as well as from "American rule". The treaty granted a complete neutral relation between Afghanistan and Britain. Afghanistan had become a British protectorate after the Treaty of Gandamak was signed (1879) in the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

Background[]

Independence from British rule[]

The First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) led to the British force taking and occupying Kabul. After this, due to strategic errors by Elphinstone, the British force was annihilated by Afghan forces under the command of Akbar Khan somewhere at the Kabul-Jalalabad Road, near the city of Jalalabad.^[4] After this defeat, the British-Indian forces returned to Afghanistan on a special mission to rescue their prisoners of war (POWs) and afterward withdrew until coming back in order to commence the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

The Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80) first led to a British defeat at Maiwand followed by their victory at the Battle of Kandahar, which led to Abdur Rahman Khan becoming the new emir and the start of friendly British-Afghan relations. The British were given control of Afghanistan's foreign affairs in exchange for protection against the Russians and Persians. The Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 led the British to give up control of Afghanistan's foreign affairs finally in 1921.^[5]

Independence from American rule[]

On 15 August 2021, Taliban forces took control of Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul, during a military offensive against the Afghan government, backed by the United States.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] On August 19, 2021, Zabiullah Mujahid announced independence.^[3]

Observances[]

The Paghman victory arch, which commemorates the war against the United Kingdom

The Taq-e Zafar was built in Paghman to commemorate independence in 1928.
At the centenary anniversary in 2019, some international landmarks hoisted the Afghan flag tricolor, including the world's tallest building Burj Khalifa in Dubai.^[10] The day also coincidenced with the completion of the renovation of the Darul Aman Palace in Kabul, where official celebrations took place.

Gallery[]

2011
2011
2011

References[]

^ Onley, James. (2007), "The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, and the British in the Nineteenth-Century Gulf" Oxford University Press. p. 24 [1]
^ "The World Factbook: Afghanistan". Central Intelligence Agency. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 18 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Taliban Reassert 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan'". The New York Times. 19 August 2021. Archived from the original on 2021.
^ "War-battered Afghanistan celebrates independence day". Associated Press. 18 September 2000. Retrieved 18 August 2009.
^ Watkins, Thomas (17 August 2019). "Afghan palace emerges from ruins in Kabul". Asia Times. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ "Afghan conflict: US and Taliban sign deal to end 18-year war". BBC News. 29 February 2020.
^ Missy Ryan; Karen DeYoung (13 April 2021). "Biden will withdraw all U.S. forces from Afghanistan by Sept. 11, 2021". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
^ "The Fall of Kabul: Beginning of Taliban 2.0". The Financial Express. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
^ "Final US planes leave Kabul airport after two decades of war in Afghanistan". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
^ https://khaleejtimes.com/uae/dubai/dubais-burj-khalifa-to-showcase-afghanistan-flag-today.

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[1] Onley, James. (2007), "The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, and the British in the Nineteenth-Century Gulf" Oxford University Press. p. 24 [1]

[2] "The World Factbook: Afghanistan". Central Intelligence Agency. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 18 August 2009.

[:0-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Taliban Reassert 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan'". The New York Times. 19 August 2021. Archived from the original on 2021.

[4] "War-battered Afghanistan celebrates independence day". Associated Press. 18 September 2000. Retrieved 18 August 2009.

[5] Watkins, Thomas (17 August 2019). "Afghan palace emerges from ruins in Kabul". Asia Times. Retrieved 10 January 2021.

[6] "Afghan conflict: US and Taliban sign deal to end 18-year war". BBC News. 29 February 2020.

[7] Missy Ryan; Karen DeYoung (13 April 2021). "Biden will withdraw all U.S. forces from Afghanistan by Sept. 11, 2021". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.

[8] "The Fall of Kabul: Beginning of Taliban 2.0". The Financial Express. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.

[9] "Final US planes leave Kabul airport after two decades of war in Afghanistan". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 30 August 2021.

[10] ttps://khaleejtimes.com/uae/dubai/dubais-burj-khalifa-to-showcase-afghanistan-flag-today.

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