Alla Kudryavtseva

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Alla Kudryavtseva
Алла Кудрявцева
Alla Kudryavtseva 5, 2015 Wimbledon Qualifying - Diliff.jpg
During the 2015 Wimbledon qualifying
Country (sports) Russia
ResidenceBoynton Beach, United States
Born (1987-11-03) 3 November 1987 (age 34)[1]
Moscow, Soviet Union
Height1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)[1]
Turned proFebruary 2005
RetiredNovember 2021
PlaysRight-handed (two-handed backhand)
Prize money$3,245,645
Singles
Career record362–345 (51.2%)
Career titles1 WTA, 2 ITF
Highest rankingNo. 56 (4 October 2010)
Grand Slam singles results
Australian Open2R (2007, 2010, 2014)
French Open3R (2007)
Wimbledon4R (2008)
US Open3R (2011)
Doubles
Career record358–287 (55.5%)
Career titles9 WTA, 15 ITF
Highest rankingNo. 15 (8 September 2014)
Grand Slam doubles results
Australian OpenQF (2012, 2016)
French Open3R (2010, 2013)
WimbledonQF (2014)
US OpenQF (2015)
Other doubles tournaments
Tour FinalsSF (2014)
Grand Slam mixed doubles results
Australian Open2R (2016)
French Open2R (2016)
WimbledonQF (2016)
US Open2R (2014)

Alla Alexandrovna Kudryavtseva (Russian: Алла Александровна Кудрявцева; born 3 November 1987) is a retired Russian tennis player.

Alla Kudryavtseva, 2015

Kudryavtseva won one singles title and nine doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as two singles titles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 4 October 2010, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 56. On 8 September 2014, she peaked at No. 15 in the WTA doubles rankings.[2] On 2 November 2021, Kudryavtseva announced on Instagram that she had retired from the sport.

Professional career[]

Early career[]

Kudryavtseva debuted on the WTA Tour at the 2004 Kremlin Cup, where she could not succeed beyond the qualifying rounds. In the following season, her best WTA Tour result was reaching the first rounds of the Nordea Nordic Light Open in Stockholm in singles and the Banka Koper Slovenia Open in doubles.

Her first major appearance was at the 2006 Australian Open, where she could not win a qualification round. The same result was seen at the other three Grand Slam tournaments. Among her more notable results in that season were reaching the singles quarterfinals of the Sunfeast Open in Kolkata, India, and the semifinals in doubles of the Tashkent Open, with Canadian Stéphanie Dubois.

2007–11: Steady progress[]

In 2007, Kudryavtseva qualified for main draw of the Australian Open, reaching the second round in singles and doubles. With Hsieh Su-wei she reached her first WTA final at the Sony Ericsson International in Bangalore, India, losing to a pair from Taiwan. At the French Open, Kudryavtseva qualified for the second Grand Slam in a row and reached the third round, beating Gisela Dulko in the second, and eventually losing to Maria Sharapova. Her best result in singles at a WTA tournament was reaching quarterfinals at Barcelona. At Wimbledon, Kudryavtseva earned first Grand Slam direct entry but drew the eventual champion Venus Williams and lost in three sets. Later that year in Kolkata, Kudryavtseva with Vania King won her first title.

In 2008, partnering with Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, she reached the final at the Internazionali di Palermo, losing to Sara Errani and Nuria Llagostera Vives. She played alongside several doubles partners, including King and Vera Dushevina. In singles, Kudryavtseva fought her way through the fourth round of Wimbledon, defeating third-seeded Sharapova in the second round, which is to date her best result in a Grand Slam singles event.

In 2009, Kudryavtseva progressed in doubles in the next season, climbing with Ekaterina Makarova to the final of the Premier Mandatory China Open, eventually losing to Hsieh Su-wei and Peng Shuai. Kudryavtseva/Dushevina reached the quarterfinals of the Rogers Cup.

In 2010, the Russian two times in succession reached the finals in singles, becoming champion in Tashkent and before that runner-up in Guangzhou. As a result, she reached a career-high ranking of 56 and finished the year at No. 61 in the world in singles. With her new partner Anastasia Rodionova she also reached two finals in doubles, winning the UNICEF Open.

In the 2011 season, she and Olga Govortsova reached three WTA Tour finals at the Cellular South Cup, Aegon Classic and Citi Open, the first two of which they won.

Kudryavtseva and Makarova became quarterfinalists of the 2012 Australian Open, eventually losing to Errani/Vinci; this became her best result in a Grand Slam doubles tournament. However, her 2012 season was rather poor, eventually skipping the WTA Tour for ITF tournaments at season end.

2013: Breakthrough in doubles[]

The back and forth switching of ITF and WTA tournaments continued until showing with Rodionova significant results since late April. They won the Challenge Bell, and also reached the final of the Kremlin Cup. Furthermore, the two became semifinalists at the Premier 5 events Italian Open and Pan Pacific Open. Kudryavtseva returned to the top 50 in doubles as a result of her successful season.

2014[]

Kudryavtseva/Rodionova continued their successful partnership starting the year with a title at Brisbane. The second title came in February in Dubai, where they defeated Kops-Jones and Spears in the final. Their biggest Grand Slam result came at Wimbledon, where they lost in the quarterfinal against Babos/Mladenovic. They also reached the semifinals in Cincinnati and Beijing, the quarterfinals in Miami, Doha and Wuhan. Their last title of the season came at an international event in Tianjin, which also led them into the WTA Championships in Singapore.

In their debut Championships in Singapore appearing Kudryavtseva/Rodionova beat a fourth-seeded team of Makarova/Vesnina, 4–6, 6–2, [10–6]. In the semifinals, they were defeated by title defenders Hsieh Su-wei/Peng Shuai, 6–1, 6–4. As a consequence, Kudryavtseva pushed into the top 20 in doubles, reaching a career-high ranking of 15.

In addition to the success in doubles, Kudryavtseva qualified for nine singles events including three Grand Slam tournaments; Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon. She was able to finish the year in the top 100 at No. 96 for the first time since 2010.

2015[]

Kudryavtseva started the season with a quarterfinal showing at Brisbane in singles defeating world No. 23, Karolina Pliskova, in the second round. She paired with Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova of Russia in hopes for Olympics and reached semifinals at Dubai, Charleston, Rome and Washington. They also reached quarterfinals of the US Open but fell one spot short of qualifying for the WTA Finals and went to Singapore as an alternate. Kudryavtseva finished the year at 170 in singles and 29 in doubles.

Significant finals[]

Premier Mandatory/Premier 5 finals[]

Doubles: 1 (runner-up)[]

Result Year Championship Surface Partner Opponents Score
Loss 2009 China Open, Beijing Hard Russia Ekaterina Makarova Chinese Taipei Hsieh Su-wei
China Peng Shuai
3–6, 1–6

WTA career finals[]

Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)[]

Legend
Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
Premier M & Premier 5 (0–0)
Premier (0–0)
International (1–1)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
Loss 0–1 Sep 2010 Guangzhou Open, China International Hard Australia Jarmila Groth 1–6, 4–6
Win 1–1 Sep 2010 Tashkent Open, Uzbekistan International Hard Russia Elena Vesnina 6–4, 6–4

Doubles: 20 (9 titles, 11 runner-ups)[]

Legend (pre/post 2009)
Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
Tier I / Premier M & Premier 5 (0–1)
Tier II / Premier (3–3)
Tier III, IV & V / International (6–7)
Result W–L Date Tournament Surface Partner Opponents Score
Loss 0–1 Feb 2007 Bangalore Open, India Hard Chinese Taipei Hsieh Su-wei Chinese Taipei Chan Yung-jan
Chinese Taipei Chuang Chia-jung
7–6(7–4), 2–6, [9–11]
Win 1–1 Sep 2007 Sunfeast Open, India Hard United States Vania King Italy Alberta Brianti
Ukraine Mariya Koryttseva
6–1, 6–4
Loss 1–2 Jul 2008 Palermo Open, Italy Clay Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova Italy Sara Errani
Spain Nuria Llagostera Vives
6–2, 6–7(1–7), [4–10]
Loss 1–3 Oct 2009 China Open Hard Russia Ekaterina Makarova Chinese Taipei Hsieh Su-wei
China Peng Shuai
3–6, 1–6
Loss 1–4 May 2010 Internationaux de Strasbourg, France Clay Australia Anastasia Rodionova France Alizé Cornet
United States Vania King
6–3, 4–6, [7–10]
Win 2–4 Jun 2010 Rosmalen Open, Netherlands Grass Australia Anastasia Rodionova United States Vania King
Kazakhstan Yaroslava Shvedova
3–6, 6–3, [10–8]
Win 3–4 Feb 2011 Memphis Indoors, United States Hard (i) Belarus Olga Govortsova Czech Republic Andrea Hlaváčková
Czech Republic Lucie Hradecká
6–3, 4–6, [10–8]
Win 4–4 Jun 2011 Birmingham Classic, Great Britain Grass Belarus Olga Govortsova Italy Sara Errani
Italy Roberta Vinci
1–6, 6–1, [10–5]
Loss 4–5 Jul 2011 Washington Open, United States Hard Belarus Olga Govortsova India Sania Mirza
Kazakhstan Yaroslava Shvedova
3–6, 3–6
Win 5–5 Sep 2013 Tournoi de Québec, Canada Carpet (i) Australia Anastasia Rodionova Czech Republic Andrea Hlaváčková
Czech Republic Lucie Hradecká
6–4, 6–3
Loss 5–6 Oct 2013 Kremlin Cup, Russia Hard (i) Australia Anastasia Rodionova Russia Svetlana Kuznetsova
Australia Samantha Stosur
1–6, 6–1, [8–10]
Win 6–6 Jan 2014 Brisbane International, Australia Hard Australia Anastasia Rodionova France Kristina Mladenovic
Kazakhstan Galina Voskoboeva
6–3, 6–1
Loss 6–7 Feb 2014 Pattaya Open, Thailand Hard Australia Anastasia Rodionova China Peng Shuai
China Zhang Shuai
6–3, 6–7(5–7), [6–10]
Win 7–7 Feb 2014 Dubai Championships,
United Arab Emirates
Hard Australia Anastasia Rodionova United States Raquel Kops-Jones
United States Abigail Spears
6–2, 5–7, [10–8]
Win 8–7 Oct 2014 Tianjin Open, China Hard Australia Anastasia Rodionova Romania Sorana Cîrstea
Slovenia Andreja Klepač
6–7(6–8), 6–2, [10–8]
Loss 8–8 Jun 2016 Eastbourne International, Great Britain Grass United States Vania King Czech Republic Karolína Plíšková
Czech Republic Barbora Strýcová
3–6, 6–7(1–7)
Loss 8–9 Sep 2016 Tournoi de Québec, Canada Carpet (i) Russia Alexandra Panova Czech Republic Andrea Hlaváčková
Czech Republic Lucie Hradecká
6–7(2–7), 6–7(2–7)
Loss 8–10 Jul 2017 Jiangxi International Open,
China
Hard Australia Arina Rodionova China Jiang Xinyu
China Tang Qianhui
3–6, 2–6
Loss 8–11 Feb 2018 St. Petersburg Trophy, Russia Hard (i) Slovenia Katarina Srebotnik Switzerland Timea Bacsinszky
Russia Vera Zvonareva
6–2, 1–6, [3–10]
Win 9–11 Apr 2018 Charleston Open, United States Clay (green) Slovenia Katarina Srebotnik Slovenia Andreja Klepač
Spain María José Martínez Sánchez
6–3, 6–3

ITF Circuit finals[]

$100,000 tournaments
$75,000 tournaments
$50,000 tournaments
$25,000 tournaments
$10,000 tournaments

Singles: 10 (2–8)[]

Outcome No. Date Tournament Surface Opponent Score
Runner-up 1. 10 July 2005 ITF Felixstowe, United Kingdom Grass Australia Jarmila Wolfe 5–7, 1–6
Winner 2. 4 September 2005 ITF Balashikha, Russia Clay Russia Vasilisa Bardina 2–6, 7–5, 6–4
Runner-up 3. 1 November 2005 ITF Busan, South Korea Hard South Korea Kim So-jung 6–3, 1–6, 2–6
Runner-up 4. 5 March 2006 ITF Las Palmas, Spain Clay Belgium Kirsten Flipkens 1–6, 4–6
Runner-up 5. 25 March 2006 ITF St. Petersburg, Russia Hard (i) Italy Alberta Brianti 1–6, 4–6
Runner-up 6. 29 October 2006 ITF Beijing, China Hard New Zealand Marina Erakovic 2–6, 1–6
Runner-up 7. 22 April 2007 ITF Dothan, United States Clay Chinese Taipei Latisha Chan 4–6, 2–6
Winner 8. 27 January 2013 ITF Eilat, İsrael Hard Romania Raluca Olaru 6–7(4), 6–3, 6–2
Runner-up 9. 5 June 2015 Eastbourne Trophy, United Kingdom Grass Estonia Anett Kontaveit 6–7(4), 6–7(2)
Runner-up 10. 7 February 2016 Launceston International, Australia Hard China Han Xinyun 1–6, 1–6

Doubles: 19 (15–4)[]

Outcome No. Date Tournament Surface Partner Opponents Score
Winner 1. 1 March 2004 ITF Melilla, Spain Hard Russia Nina Bratchikova Russia Anastasia Dvornikova
Ukraine Irena Nossenko
7–5, 6–3
Winner 2. 14 April 2004 ITF Bol, Croatia Clay Russia Anna Bastrikova Belarus Victoria Azarenka
Belarus Olga Govortsova
6–4, 6–1
Runner-up 3. 30 August 2004 ITF Balashikha, Russia Hard (i) Ukraine Olena Antypina Russia Maria Goloviznina
Russia Elena Vesnina
5–7, 4–6
Runner-up 4. 20 March 2005 ITF St. Petersburg, Russia Hard (i) Russia Ekaterina Kosminskaya Russia Nina Bratchikova
Russia Ekaterina Makarova
6–7(2), 2–6
Runner-up 5. 9 July 2005 ITF Felixstowe, United Kingdom Grass Australia Jarmila Wolfe New Zealand Leanne Baker
Italy Francesca Lubiani
1–6, 6–4, 2–3 ret.
Winner 6. 5 March 2006 ITF Las Palmas, Spain Hard Russia Nina Bratchikova Poland Karolina Kosińska
Poland Alicja Rosolska
6–1, 6–3
Winner 7. 12 March 2006 ITF Telde, Spain Clay Russia Nina Bratchikova Italy Sara Errani
Italy Giulia Gabba
6–1, 6–1
Runner-up 8. 25 March 2006 ITF St. Petersburg, Russia Hard (i) Ukraine Yuliya Beygelzimer Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova
Russia Yulia Solonitskaya
1–6, 4–6
Winner 9. 15 May 2006 ITF Saint-Gaudens, France Clay Croatia Ivana Abramović Argentina María José Argeri
Brazil Letícia Sobral
6–2, 6–0
Winner 10. 12 November 2006 ITF Shenzhen, China Hard Chinese Taipei Hsieh Su-wei Uzbekistan Akgul Amanmuradova
Uzbekistan Iroda Tulyaganova
2–0 ret.
Winner 11. 10 November 2007 ITF Minsk, Belarus Hard Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova Serbia Vesna Manasieva
Russia Ekaterina Lopes
6–0, 6–2
Winner 12. 25 November 2007 ITF Poitiers, France Hard (i) Russia Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova Poland Klaudia Jans-Ignacik
Poland Alicja Rosolska
2–6 6–4, [10–1]
Winner 13. 28 October 2012 ITF Saguenay, Canada Hard (i) Canada Gabriela Dabrowski Canada Sharon Fichman
Canada Marie-Ève Pelletier
6–2, 6–2
Winner 14. 4 November 2012 ITF Toronto, Canada Hard (i) Canada Gabriela Dabrowski Canada Eugenie Bouchard
United States Jessica Pegula
6–2, 7–6(2)
Winner 15. 27 January 2013 ITF Eilat, Israel Hard Romania Raluca Olaru Belarus Ilona Kremen
Turkey Pemra Özgen
6–3, 6–3
Winner 16. 3 February 2013 Vanessa Phillips Tournament, Israel Hard Russia Elina Svitolina Italy Corinna Dentoni
Belarus Aliaksandra Sasnovich
6–1, 6–3
Winner 17. 9 March 2013 ITF Irapuato, Mexico Clay Ukraine Olga Savchuk Serbia Aleksandra Krunić
Switzerland Amra Sadiković
4–6, 6–2, [10–6]
Winner 18. 8 April 2017 ITF Jackson, United States Clay Germany Anna Zaja Chile Alexa Guarachi
United States Ronit Yurovsky
6–2, 6–0
Winner 19. 24 June 2017 Ilkley Trophy, United Kingdom Grass Russia Anna Blinkova Poland Paula Kania
Belgium Maryna Zanevska
6–1, 6–4

Performance timelines[]

Singles[]

Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# P# DNQ A Z# PO G F-S SF-B NMS P NH
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (P#) preliminary round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (Z#) Davis/Fed Cup Zonal Group (with number indication) or (PO) play-off; (G) gold, (F-S) silver or (SF-B) bronze Olympic/Paralympic medal; a (NMS) downgraded Masters Series/1000 tournament; (P) postponed; (NH) not held. SR: strike rate (events won / competed). W–L: win–loss record.
To avoid confusion and double counting, these charts are updated at the conclusion of a tournament or when the player's participation has ended.
Tournament 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 SR W–L
Australian Open A Q1 2R 1R 1R 2R 1R 1R Q1 2R 1R Q1 A A 0 / 8 3–8
French Open A Q1 3R 1R 2R 1R 1R Q1 Q3 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 A 0 / 5 3–5
Wimbledon A Q1 1R 4R 1R 2R 1R Q1 Q2 1R Q1 Q1 Q2 A 0 / 6 4–6
US Open A Q1 1R 1R 1R 1R 3R 1R Q1 2R Q3 Q1 Q2 A 0 / 7 3–7
Win–loss 0–0 0–0 3–4 3–4 1–4 2–4 2–4 0–2 0–0 2–3 0–1 0–0 0–0 0–0 0 / 26 13–26
Premier Mandatory tournaments
Indian Wells A A Q1 2R 1R A 2R Q2 A Q2 1R A A A 0 / 4 2–4
Miami A A Q1 Q2 2R 2R 1R Q1 A Q1 Q1 A A A 0 / 3 2–3
Madrid Not Held Q2 Q2 Q2 Q2 A Q1 Q1 A Q1 Q1 0 / 0 0–0
Beijing Tier II 1R 1R Q2 A A Q2 Q1 A Q1 A 0 / 2 0–2
Premier 5 tournaments
Dubai Tier II A A A Not Premier 5 Q1 NP5 A NP5 0 / 0 0–0
Doha Tier II A Not Held NP5 Q1 A 1R NP5 A NP5 A 0 / 2 0–2
Rome A A A Q1 A 1R Q1 Q1 A A Q1 A A A 0 / 1 0–1
Montréal / Toronto A A A 2R 2R Q1 Q1 Q2 A A Q2 2R A A 0 / 3 3–3
Cincinnati Tier III Q2 1R Q1 A A A A A A A 0 / 1 0–1
Tokyo A A A A Q2 A A A A NP5 0 / 0 0–0
Career statistics 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 No.
Tournaments played 0 2 14 18 21 22 23 6 6 15 8 4 2 0 141
Titles 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Finals 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Win–loss 0–0 1–2 7–14 12–18 12–21 18–21 14–23 2–6 5–6 8–15 2–8 5–4 0–2 0–0 86–140
Year-end ranking 216 138 90 71 90 61 104 208 176 98 170 138 351 681

Doubles[]

Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# P# DNQ A Z# PO G F-S SF-B NMS P NH
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (P#) preliminary round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (Z#) Davis/Fed Cup Zonal Group (with number indication) or (PO) play-off; (G) gold, (F-S) silver or (SF-B) bronze Olympic/Paralympic medal; a (NMS) downgraded Masters Series/1000 tournament; (P) postponed; (NH) not held. SR: strike rate (events won / competed). W–L: win–loss record.
To avoid confusion and double counting, these charts are updated at the conclusion of a tournament or when the player's participation has ended.

Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.

Current after the 2021 Italian Open.

Tournament 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 SR W–L
Grand Slam tournaments
Australian Open A A 2R 2R 2R 2R 3R QF 1R 1R 3R QF A 2R A A A 0 / 11 15–11
French Open A A 2R 1R 1R 3R 2R 1R 3R 1R 2R 1R 2R 1R A A 0 / 12 8–12
Wimbledon A A 1R 3R 3R 3R 2R 1R 1R QF 3R 2R 1R 1R A NH 0 / 12 13–12
US Open A A 1R 1R 3R 2R 3R 1R 2R 3R QF 3R 2R A A 2R 0 / 12 15–12
Win–loss 0–0 0–0 2–4 3–4 5–4 6–4 6–4 3–4 3–4 5–4 8–4 6–4 2–3 1–3 0–0 1–1 0–0 0 / 47 51–47
National representation
Summer Olympics Not Held A Not Held A Not Held A Not Held 0 / 0 0–0
Year-end championships
Tour Championships Did Not Qualify SF Did Not Qualify 0 / 1 1–1
Premier Mandatory tournaments
Indian Wells A A 2R 1R 3R A 1R 1R A 1R 2R QF A 1R A NH 0 / 9 6–9
Miami A A A 1R 1R 2R 1R 1R A QF 2R QF A QF A NH 1R 0 / 10 8–10
Madrid Not Held 2R 1R 1R 1R A 1R 2R SF 1R 1R A NH 1R 0 / 10 5–10
Beijing Tier II F 1R 1R A 1R SF 2R A 1R A A NH 0 / 7 8–7
Premier 5 tournaments
Dubai Tier II A QF A Not Premier 5 SF NP5 A NP5 A NP5 A 0 / 2 5–2
Doha A A T II A Not Held NP5 2R A QF NP5 A NP5 2R NP5 A NP5 0 / 3 4–3
Rome A A A 2R A 1R 1R 1R SF 1R SF 1R A 2R A A 1R 0 / 10 8–10
Montréal / Toronto A A A 2R QF 1R 1R 1R 2R 1R A 1R A A A NH 0 / 8 4–8
Cincinnati Tier III 1R 2R 2R 1R 2R SF A A 2R A A A 0 / 7 7–7
Tokyo A A A A A A A A SF NP5 0 / 1 2–1
Wuhan Not Held QF 2R A A A A NH 0 / 2 3–2
Career statistics
Tournaments played 1 6 11 18 22 25 24 18 19 25 21 14 12 19 0 7 7 221
Titles 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9
Finals 0 0 2 1 1 2 3 0 2 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 19
Overall win–loss 0–1 4–6 8–11 16–18 18–22 24–23 23–22 9–17 24–18 38–20 28–19 24–14 9–12 12–7 0–0 2–6 2–7 241–232
Year-end ranking 210 115 56 49 33 41 39 73 31 18 29 25 71 54 341 No. 15

References[]

  1. ^ a b Alla Kudryavtseva Tennis Profile | News | Pictures – Yahoo! Eurosport UK
  2. ^ "Kudryavtseva and Srebotnik double up to win Charleston". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2020-11-12.

External links[]

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