Ambazonian leadership crisis

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Ambazonian leadership crisis
Part of the Anglophone Crisis
Date2 May 2019 – present
Caused byInfighting, alleged failures of the Sako-led cabinet
StatusInterim Government of Ambazonia divided, with Ayuk Tabe and Sako both claiming to be the legitimate President of Ambazonia
Parties to the civil conflict
Cabinet led by Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe ("Nera 10")[1]
Supported by:
Ambazonia Governing Council[2]
Cabinet led by Samuel Ikome Sako
Supported by:
Ambazonia Restoration Council[3]
(until February 2022)[4]
Ambazonia Restoration Council
(from February 2022)[4]

The Ambazonian leadership crisis is an ongoing internal conflict within the Interim Government of Ambazonia (IG). The crisis started on May 2, 2019, when a document signed by the first president of Ambazonia, Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe, acting from detention in Yaounde and in contact with Cameroon interior ministry officials, declared the dissolution of the cabinet of interim president Samuel Ikome Sako and the restoration of Ayuk Tabe's cabinet. This effectively led to the existence of two Interim Governments, with neither recognizing the other.[5]

In February 2022, Sako ordered the suspension of the Restoration Council, the legislative arm of his own Interim Government. The Restoration Council subsequently impeached Sako, potentially widening the leadership crisis.[4]

Background[]

Following the arrest of the Ayuk Tabe cabinet in January 2018 in Nigeria, Samuel Ikome Sako was elected the acting president of the Interim Government.[6] His presidency saw attempts to unite the separatist camp under one roof (notably the creation of the Southern Cameroons Liberation Council in April 2019[7]), but faced criticism for alleged incompetence, divisiveness and misappropriation of funds.[8]

Leadership crisis[]

On May 2, 2019, Ayuk Tabe - still in prison - declared that the Sako-led cabinet had been dissolved, and that the cabinet led by himself had been restored. While the document recognized the Sako cabinet for its sincere efforts, it claimed that it was ultimately not fit to continue;[5]

Considering that despite all efforts by well-meaning Ambazonians responding to my appeals to keep the Interim Government afloat by accommodating the caretaker cabinet while these issues of infighting in the struggle involving grave improprieties both in the management of material and human resources are sorted out, the caretaker cabinet has lost the ability to reconcile our people and, in doing so, has imperiled the identity and mission of the interim government to complete the decolonization of Southern Cameroons through advancing our collective national interests.

It is incumbent on me as a servant-leadership fiduciary to bring redress to the Southern Cameroons-Ambazonians, to their struggle and their nation, from their slow descent into a footnote of our own history.

I hereby declare and direct that the caretaker cabinet is forthwith dissolved and that, the cabinet as was in office on January 5th 2018, when myself and parts of the leadership were abducted be reconstituted, restored and reactivated.

At some point after making this declaration, Ayuk Tabe reached out to former SDF parliamentarian Wirba Joseph, asking him to assume leadership of the revolution. Wirba declined the request, believing the Interim Government to be an "imaginary structure" and detrimental to the cause.[9]

However, the Sako-led cabinet did not recognize Ayuk Tabe's authority to dismiss the interim cabinet, and consequently refused to step down. In June 2019, the Ambazonia Restoration Council "impeached" Ayuk Tabe for "treasonous misconduct", and declared that he had lost his mandate to speak on behalf of Ambazonia.[3]

The leadership crisis complicated the already delicate allegiances among Ambazonian separatist movements. The Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC), which traditionally has had a complicated relationship with the Interim Government, voiced support for Ayuk Tabe.[2] Wirba Joseph called the impeachment of Ayuk Tabe "absurd".[9] In November 2019, pro-separatist sources reported that Sako and his supporters had changed his title from Acting Interim President to President, aiming to permanently replace Ayuk Tabe even if the latter would ever be released.[10]

Consequences[]

The leadership conflict led to the seeming emergence of two governments, an elected leadership under president Sako in the Diaspora and a putative leadership under AyukTabe in Yaounde, each claiming legitimacy. This paradigm shift may have complicated and delayed the prospect of direct talks with the Cameroonian government. During the later half of 2019, Switzerland emerged as mediator for peace talks between Ambazonian nationalists and the Cameroonian government.[11] These talks in Switzerland were boycotted by the Ayuk Tabe faction which threatened to derail an initiative[12] supported by the United Nations, African Union and European Union except France. In July 2020, Cameroonian officials met with Ayuk Tabe to discuss a ceasefire absent any international mediator or guarantor. The Sako-led government responded to the meeting by declaring that prisoners cannot negotiate. The AGovC, which had supported Ayuk Tabe against Sako, took a similar stance.[13]

Ambazonian Coalition Team[]

On September 22, 2019, the interim government of Dr Sako brought together leaders and representatives of 10 Ambazonian nationalist movements to create the Ambazonia Coalition Team (ACT), or Team Ambazonia and a “joint platform for negotiations” with the Cameroon government.[14]

Attempts at resolution[]

On 13 October 2020, Ayuk Tabe called from prison in Yaounde to settle the dispute and cooperating against Cameroon.[1] President Ikome Sako reiterated his refusal to recognize Ayuk Tabe's cabinet, stating that "there is only one Interim Government". He further insisted that Ayuk Tabe declare the dissolution of his cabinet before any reconciliation could take place.[15][16]

Effects on Ambazonia's foreign policy[]

The leadership crisis resurfaced in mid-2021, when pro-Auyk Tabe AGovC announced an alliance with the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), a Biafran independence movement. Sako denounced the alliance on grounds of the importance of goodwill from Nigeria, and argued that AGovC had put the hundreds of thousands of Anglophone refugees in Nigeria at danger. The Sako-led government preferred instead to repair relations between Ambazonia and Nigeria.[17] The AGovC fired back, stating that "those who liberated Rwanda came from refugee camps in Uganda" and that "Nigeria has shown itself not to be our friend".[18] IPOB also dencounced Sako's claim to the Ambazonian presidency, declaring him one of many "traitors and selfish fellows".[19]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Armed Conflict in NWSW Regions: Jailed Leader Calls For Unity, Cameroon News Agency, Oct 16, 2020. Accessed Oct 20, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Cameroon: Sepratist hardliners react after impechment of detained Ambazonia leader, Journal du Cameroun, Jun 12, 2019. Accessed Jun 12, 2019.
  3. ^ a b Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, Journal du Cameroun, Jun 12, 2019. Accessed Jun 12, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c [hhttps://cameroonnewsagency.com/restoration-council-impeach-ambazonia-president-samuel-sako-amid-suspension/?fbclid=IwAR3O-TMuIFwRiyGPrnfMTo_kZ3uiDUkxDnUqlgpR3A0qzARLt-7Ihw8fVhs "Restoration Council Impeach Ambazonia President Samuel Sako, Amid Suspension"]. Cameroon News Agency. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  5. ^ a b Cameroon: Detained Ambazonia leader dissolves ‘Interim Government’, Journal du Cameroun, May 2, 2019. Accessed Jul 8, 2019.
  6. ^ Just In-Dr Samuel Ikome Sako Is New Acting Interim President of The ‘Federal Republic of Ambazonia’, Cameroon News Agency, Feb 4, 2018. Accessed Apr 19, 2018.
  7. ^ Federalists Meet Restorationists, Which Group Will Perform The Osmosis?, Cameroon News Agency, Mar 29, 2019. Accessed Apr 10, 2019.
  8. ^ Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis: How to Get to Talks?, Crisis Group, May 2, 2019. Accessed May 2, 2019.
  9. ^ a b Crise anglophone : Un ancien député du SDF appelle les séparatistes à dire la vérité aux masses souffrantes, Le Bled Parle, Jul 4, 2019. Accessed Jul 4, 2019. (French)
  10. ^ Dr. Sako sworn in as President of Ambazonia, Mimi Mefo Infos, Nov 30, 2019. Accessed Nov 30, 2019.
  11. ^ Cameroon: Ambazonia leaders endorse Swiss-led dialogue to solve Anglophone crisis, Journal du Cameroun, Jun 28, 2019. Accessed Jun 28, 2019.
  12. ^ [1], July 2019. Accessed February 2021.
  13. ^ COVID-19 Ceasefire: The Big Four React, Cameroon News Agency, Jul 5, 2020. Accessed Jul 7, 2020.
  14. ^ [2] December 2019. Accessed February 2021.
  15. ^ Ayuktabe’s Call For Collaboration: We Shall Reconcile Within Interim Gov’t, Not Collaborate – Dr Samuel Sako, Cameroon News Agency, Oct 19, 2020. Accessed Oct 20, 2020.
  16. ^ Ayuktabe’s Call For Collaboration: Wilfred Tassang Preconditions Six Points, Cameroon News Agency, Oct 19, 2020. Accessed Oct 20, 2020.
  17. ^ Sako: Our quest for Federal Republic of Ambazonia is of no threat to Nigeria, The Guardian Nigeria, Sep 18, 2021. Accessed Sep 18, 2021.
  18. ^ Ayaba Fires Back As Sako Denies IPOB Union, Cameroon News Agency, Aug 8, 2021. Accessed Aug 8, 2021.
  19. ^ Godwin Aliuna (10 August 2021). "Biafra: You're too insignificant to be consulted on our struggle – IPOB tells Ambazonia's Ekome". Daily Post. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
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