American Gods

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This article is about the novel written by Neil Gaiman. For the television adaptation of the novel, see American Gods (TV series).

American Gods
American gods.jpg
Cover of first edition (hardcover)
AuthorNeil Gaiman
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
GenreFantasy
PublisherWilliam Morrow, Headline
Publication date
19 June 2001
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)
Pages465
AwardsHugo Award for Best Novel (2002), Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel (2002), Nebula Award for Best Novel (2002)
ISBN0-380-97365-0
OCLC46393953
Dewey Decimal
813/.54 21
LC ClassPR6057.A319 A84 2001
Followed byAnansi Boys 

American Gods (2001) is a fantasy novel by British author Neil Gaiman. The novel is a blend of Americana, fantasy, and various strands of ancient and modern mythology, all centering on the mysterious and taciturn Shadow.

The book was published in 2001 by Headline in the United Kingdom and by William Morrow in the United States. It gained a positive critical response and won the Hugo and Nebula awards in 2002.[1]

A special tenth anniversary edition, which includes the "author's preferred text" and 12,000 additional words, was published in June 2011 by William Morrow. Two audio versions of the book were produced and published by Harper Audio: an unabridged version of the original published edition, read by George Guidall, released in 2001; a full cast audiobook version of the tenth anniversary edition, released in 2011. In March 2017, The Folio Society published a special collector's edition of American Gods, with many corrections to the author's preferred text version.[2]

In April 2017, Starz began airing a television adaptation of the novel. Bryan Fuller and Michael Green served as showrunners,[3] and Gaiman is an executive producer.[4] Fuller and Green departed the show after the first season.[5]

Plot summary[]

Shadow is an ex-convict who is released from prison three days early when his wife Laura is killed in a car accident. Shadow is devastated by her death, and is distraught to learn that she died alongside his best friend Robbie, with whom she had been having an affair. He takes a job as a bodyguard for a mysterious con man, Mr. Wednesday, and travels with him across America, visiting Wednesday's acquaintances. Shadow learns that Wednesday is an incarnation of Odin the All-Father, and that he is recruiting American manifestations of the Old Gods, whose powers have waned as their believers have decreased in number, to participate in a battle against the New American Gods – manifestations of modern life and technology, such as the Internet, media, and modern means of transport. Shadow meets a leprechaun named Mad Sweeney, who gives Shadow a magical gold coin after Shadow beats him in a fight. Shadow later tosses the coin into his wife's grave at her funeral, inadvertently bringing her back from the dead as a semi-living revenant.

The New Gods abduct Shadow (utilizing a group of shadowy Men in Black, led by the mysterious Mr. World), but Laura rescues him, killing several Men in Black in the process. Wednesday hides Shadow, first with Mr. Ibis (Thoth) and Mr. Jacquel (Anubis), who run a funeral parlor in Cairo, Illinois, and then in the Wisconsin community of Lakeside. They are pursued all the while by the Men in Black, particularly Mr. Town, who blames Shadow for the death of his friends.

The New Gods seek to parley with Wednesday, but murder him at the meeting. This act galvanizes the Old Gods, and they rally to face their enemies in battle at Rock City. While retrieving Wednesday's body, Shadow is surprised to discover his old prison cellmate and mentor, Low Key Lyesmith, is working as a driver for the New Gods. Shadow is bound by his contract with Wednesday to hold his vigil by re-enacting Odin's time hanging from a "World Tree" while pierced by a spear for nine days. During these nine days, he is visited by Horus, who has become mad from living too long as a hawk. Shadow dies and visits the land of the dead, where he is judged by Anubis. Shadow learns that he is Wednesday's (Odin's) son, conceived as part of the deity's plans. During this time, Mr. Town arrives at the World Tree, ordered by Mr. World to cut a branch from it.

Horus finds Easter and convinces her to bring Shadow back to life. Shadow realizes Mr. World is actually Low Key (Loki) Lyesmith, and that Odin and Loki have been working a "two-man con". They orchestrated Shadow's birth, his meeting of Loki in disguise in prison, and even Laura's death. Loki had arranged for Odin's murder, thus making the battle between the New and Old Gods a sacrifice to Odin, restoring Odin's power, while also allowing Loki to feed on the chaos of the battle.

Laura chooses to hitchhike to Rock City and meets Mr. Town, who does not realize who she is, and they agree to travel together. During their travels, Laura learns who Mr. Town is and, once they arrive at their destination, kills him and takes the branch he took from the World Tree. She then meets with Loki and manages to stab him with the World Tree branch, which turns into a spear as she stabs.

Shadow arrives at Rock City and confronts Loki, now gravely wounded, and the ghost of Odin, who reveal their plans. Shadow travels to the site of the battle and explains that both sides have nothing to gain and everything to lose, with Odin and Loki as the only true winners. Shadow tells them the United States is a bad place for Gods, and he recommends they return home. The gods depart, Loki dies, and Odin's ghost fades. Laura asks Shadow to take the coin from her, which he does, and she finally dies.

In Iceland, Shadow meets another incarnation of Odin (created by the belief of the original settlers of Iceland), who is much closer than Wednesday to the Odin of mythology. Shadow accuses Odin of Wednesday's actions, but Odin retorts: "He was me, yes. But I am not him." Shadow gives Wednesday's glass eye to Odin, which Odin places in a leather bag as a keepsake. Shadow performs a simple sleight-of-hand coin trick, which delights Odin, who asks for a repeat performance. Shadow then performs a small piece of real magic, pulling a golden coin from nowhere, before walking away from the god and out into the world.

Characters[]

  • "Shadow" Moon – an ex-convict who becomes the reluctant bodyguard and errand boy of Mr. Wednesday (Odin).
  • Laura Moon – Shadow's wife, who dies in a car crash at the beginning of the novel, a few days before Shadow is due to be released from prison.
  • Samantha "Sam" Black Crow – a hitchhiking college student whom Shadow meets during his journey.
  • Chad Mulligan – a kind-hearted chief of police in the town of Lakeside.

Old Gods[]

  • Mr. Wednesday – an aspect of Odin, the Old Norse god of knowledge and wisdom.
  • Low-Key Lyesmith – Loki, the Old Norse god of mischief and trickery.
  • Czernobog – the Slavic god of darkness and twin brother to Belobog, the god of light.
  • The Zorya Sisters – relatives of Czernobog, sisters who represent the Morning Star (Zorya Utrennyaya), the Evening Star (Zorya Vechernyaya), and the Midnight Star (Zorya Polunochnaya). In Slavic lore, they are servants of Dažbog who guard and watch over the doomsday hound, Simargl. Simargl is said to be chained to the star Polaris in the constellation Ursa Minor (the "Little Bear") and, according to legend, if the chain ever breaks the hound will devour the world.
  • Mr. Nancy – Anansi, a trickster spider god from Ghanaian folklore. He often makes fun of people for their stupidity, a recurring aspect of his personality in his old stories.
  • Mr. Ibis – Thoth, the Ancient Egyptian god of knowledge and writing. He runs a funeral parlor with Mr. Jacquel in Cairo, Illinois. He often writes short biographies of people who brought folkloric beings with them to America.
  • Mr. Jacquel – Anubis, the Ancient Egyptian god of the dead and mummification. He is an expert at preparing bodies for the wake at funerals.
  • Bast – Bastet, the Ancient Egyptian cat goddess. Often appears as a small house cat and heals Shadow's bruises and aches after he has been beaten.
  • Horus – the Ancient Egyptian god of the sky.
  • Easter – Ēostre, the Germanic goddess of the dawn.
  • Mad Sweeney – Suibhne, a king from an old Irish story. Though not portrayed as such in his story, he calls himself a "Leprechaun" despite his description as being nearly 7-feet-tall. Sweeney is foul-mouthed and a frequent drinker.
  • Whiskey Jack – Wisakedjak, a trickster figure of Algonquian mythology. He lives near a Lakota reservation in the badlands with John Chapman, where he is mistaken for Iktomi, a trickster of their culture.
  • John Chapman – Johnny Appleseed, described as a "culture hero" rather than a god. He loathes Paul Bunyan (who he incorrectly describes as an advertising ploy) for diverting belief away from him.
  • Elvis - Alvíss, a dwarf in Norse mythology. The King of the Dwarves, he is of average height for humans.
  • Elegba and Great Mawu - The gods worshipped by slaves coming to America.
  • Gwydion – Gwydion fab Dôn, a trickster god of Welsh mythology.
  • Hinzelmann – Hinzelmann, a kobold who was formerly revered as a tribal god by ancient Germanic tribes. He protects the town of Lakeside in the guise of an old man.
  • Bilquis – the ancient Queen of Sheba, who endures by absorbing her sexual partners, turning them into worshippers
  • Mama-Ji – Kali, the Hindu goddess of time and destruction.
  • The Jinn – an ifrit taxi-driver that swaps lives with an Omani businessman after a sexual encounter.
  • The Land – a buffalo-headed man, the personification of the land as worshipped by Native Americans, who appears to Shadow in his dreams to give him guidance.
  • Bearded man – A character similar to Jesus speaks to Shadow in a dream sequence while he is hanging from the world tree. Shadow states that compared to the other old Gods he still has a lot of influence. However, the bearded man worries that his teachings have been applied to everything, and as a result also apply to nothing. Gaiman has removed and replaced this section of the book numerous times.[citation needed]
  • The Elephant God – Ganesha, the Hindu god of new beginnings; appears to Shadow during the world tree dream sequences. Shadow eventually realizes Ganesha's role is to remove obstacles, and that his cryptic message to 'look in the trunk' is in fact a clue to the location of Alison McGovern's body.
  • The Forgettable God – An unknown god whom Mr. Wednesday meets in Las Vegas along with Shadow, whose name slipped from Shadow's mind whenever Mr. Wednesday said it. He has a liking for Soma, a Vedic ritual drink. Gaiman has never confirmed the identity of this god.[citation needed]

New Gods[]

  • Technical Boy – New God of technology and the Internet, personified as an adult-sized fat child.
  • Media – New Goddess of television and pop culture. She often communicates by hijacking whatever is showing on television, for example communicating with Shadow via Lucy Ricardo from I Love Lucy and the cast of Cheers.
  • The Black Hats – Mister Road, Mister Town, Mister Wood, and Mister Stone represent beliefs in conspiracy theories, taking the form of men in black. They work as spooks for the New Gods.
  • The Intangibles – New Gods of the modern stock market, they are a personification of the "Invisible hand of the market".
  • Mr. World – leader of the Blackhats and the New God of globalization.
  • Other New Gods mentioned include those of automobiles, locomotives, heavier-than-air flight, cosmetic surgery, and various drugs.

Influences[]

The novel's dedication reads "for absent friends – Kathy Acker and Roger Zelazny and all points in between".[6]

The Discworld novel Small Gods explores a similar origin of deities (thoughtform). While Gaiman says that he did not read the book by Terry Pratchett, he thought they shared a worldview due to their same geographic origins and, more importantly, their daily phone conversations. He had also sought advice from Pratchett on resolving plot elements of American Gods.[7]

According to Gaiman, American Gods is not based on Diana Wynne Jones's Eight Days of Luke, "although they bear an odd relationship, like second cousins once removed or something". When working on the structure of a story linking gods and days of the week, he realised that this idea had already been used in Eight Days of Luke. He abandoned the story, but later used the idea when writing American Gods to depict Wednesday and Shadow meeting on the god's namesake day.[8]

Of the John James novel Votan, Gaiman stated: “I think probably the best book ever done about the Norse was a book that I couldn’t allow myself to read between coming up with the idea of American Gods and finishing it. After it was published, I actually sat down and allowed myself to read it for the first time in 15 years, and discovered it was just as good as I thought it was”.[9]

In his introduction to Fritz Leiber's The Knight and Knave of Swords Gaiman acknowledges Leiber's portrayal of Odin and Loki had "definitely smudged into" and informed his take on the characters.[10]

Website tie-in[]

While Gaiman was writing American Gods, his publishers set up a promotional web site featuring a weblog in which Gaiman described the day-to-day process of writing, revising, publishing, and promoting the novel. After the novel was published, the website evolved into a more general Official Neil Gaiman Web Site. As of 2019, Gaiman regularly adds to the weblog, describing his daily life and the writing, revising, publishing, or promoting of his current projects.

On 28 February 2008, Gaiman announced on his journal that for one month the complete text of American Gods would be available to the public on his publisher's website.[11]

Reception[]

The book won the 2002 Hugo, Nebula, Locus,[1] SFX Magazine and Bram Stoker Awards, all for Best Novel, and likewise received nominations for the 2001 BSFA Award,[12] as well as the 2002 World Fantasy,[1] International Horror Guild and Mythopoeic, and British Fantasy[1] awards. It won the 2003 Geffen Award.

In May 2010, American Gods was selected in an online poll to be the first "One Book One Twitter" book.[13] In 2014, when the television show adaptation was announced, author Abraham Riesman criticized the move as being a "bad idea," highlighting the aspects of the book that did not age well or were offensive to some cultures.[14] Others have critiqued the representation of gods in the novel[15] and some, like author David Katzman, the reasons given that the gods exist.[16] Beyond this, academics have claimed the work has ontological and epistemic implications,[17] and, as part of the body of Gaiman's work, explored the appropriative style.[18]

Publishing history[]

The book was published in 2001 by Headline in the United Kingdom and by William Morrow in the United States.

A special tenth anniversary edition, which includes the "author's preferred text" and 12,000 additional words, was published in June 2011 by William Morrow. The tenth anniversary text is identical to the signed and numbered limited edition released in 2003 by Hill House Publishers, and to the edition from Headline, Gaiman's publisher in the UK since 2005.[2] The tenth anniversary edition marked the first time the author's preferred text had been available in wide release outside the UK.[19]

Two audio versions of the book were produced and published by Harper Audio: an unabridged version of the original published edition, read by George Guidall, was released in 2001. A full cast audiobook version of the tenth anniversary edition, including the author's preferred text and 12,000 additional words, was released in 2011.

A comic book series, American Gods: Shadows, was published by Dark Horse Comics starting in March 2017.[20] A book of the same name, collecting issues 1 through 9 of the comic book series, was published by Dark Horse Books in February 2018.[21]

In March 2017, The Folio Society published a special collector's edition of American Gods, with many corrections to the author's preferred text version. Gaiman described this edition as 'the cleanest text there has ever been' of the novel.[2]

In other media[]

Comics[]

Main article:

Dark Horse Comics publishes a series of comic books based on the novel.

Television[]

Main article: American Gods (TV series)

Starz developed a television series from the novel with Bryan Fuller and Michael Green.[22] The series debuted in April 2017. At the end of season 1, Fuller stepped down as showrunner and was replaced by Jesse Alexander. The two had previously worked together on Star Trek: Discovery and Hannibal.[23]

Related works[]

Gaiman's next novel, Anansi Boys (2005), was conceived before American Gods and shares a character, Mr. Nancy (Anansi, the spider god of African legend).

In an interview with MTV News published on 22 June 2011, Gaiman said that he had plans for a direct sequel to American Gods. Gaiman had plans for a sequel even while writing the first book and has said that he is likely to focus on the New Gods in the sequel.[24]

In addition to the planned sequel, Gaiman has written two short story sequels featuring Shadow Moon. "The Monarch of the Glen", a novella first published in Legends II, takes place in Scotland two years after American Gods. The second short story, "Black Dog", was collected in Gaiman's Trigger Warning. It takes place a year later in Derbyshire's Peak District.[25] In the introduction for Trigger Warnings Gaiman said that he had one final standalone story that would take Shadow to London before he returns to the US & the start of American Gods 2.

Translations[]

  • Amerikāņu dievi (Latvian), ISBN 978-9934-0-2282-1
  • Ameerika jumalad (Estonian), ISBN 9985-62-181-6
  • Amerykańscy bogowie (Polish), ISBN 83-89004-10-0
  • Zei Americani (Romanian), ISBN 973-733-070-6
  • אלים אמריקאים (Elim Amerikaim) (Hebrew)
  • American Gods (Italian), ISBN 88-04-52083-3
  • Deuses Americanos (Portuguese), ISBN 85-87193-59-7
  • Američtí bohové (Czech), ISBN 80-85911-98-1
  • Americkí bohovia (Slovak), ISBN 978-80-556-0754-2
  • Unohdetut jumalat ("Forgotten Gods") (Finnish), ISBN 951-1-18055-X
  • Amerikai istenek (Hungarian), ISBN 9786155049705
  • American Gods (Spanish), ISBN 84-8431-627-0
  • Američki Bogovi (Croatian), ISBN 953-220-126-2
  • Ameriški bogovi (Slovenian), ISBN 978-961-274-129-7
  • Aмерички Богови (Serbian), ISBN 86-7436-039-4
  • Американские Боги (Russian), ISBN 5-17-019844-2
  • Amerikos dievai (Lithuanian), ISBN 9986-97-101-2
  • Amerikan Tanrıları (Turkish), ISBN 978-975-10-1904-2
  • American Gods (German), ISBN 3-453-40037-2
  • Amerikanska gudar (Swedish), ISBN 91-37-12227-4
  • Amerikanske guder (Norwegian), ISBN 978-82-93059-50-9
  • Amerikanske guder (Danish), ISBN 978-87-71375-44-2
  • 美國眾神 (Traditional Chinese), ISBN 978-986-7399-84-7, ISBN 9789863593492
  • 美国众神 (Simplified Chinese), ISBN 978-753-6459-50-2, ISBN 978-7-5502-9714-2
  • Ο Πόλεμος των Θεών (O Polemos ton Theon, "The War of the Gods") (Greek)
  • American Gods (French), ISBN 978-2-290-33041-8
  • Американски богове (Bulgarian), ISBN 954-585-519-3
  • 신들의 전쟁 (상), 신들의 전쟁(하) (Korean), ISBN 978-89-6017-268-5, ISBN 978-89-6017-269-2
  • Amerikaanse Goden (Dutch), ISBN 90-245-4261-8, ISBN 978-90-245-4261-1
  • ამერიკელი ღმერთები (Georgian) ISBN 978-9941236631
  • アメリカン・ゴッズ (Japanese), ISBN 978-4047916081, ISBN 978-4047916098
  • Американские боги (Russian), ISBN 978-5170454716, ISBN 978-5971354659
  • Американські боги (Ukrainian), ISBN 978-617-7498-66-6
  • อเมริกัน ก็อดส์ (Thailand), ISBN 978-616-9187-39-4

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "2002 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c "American Gods: Is Nothing Sacred?". NeilGaiman.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved on 13 June 2009.
  3. ^ Shepherd, Jack (20 March 2017). "Neil Gaiman gives verdict on American Gods TV series". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  4. ^ Croll, Ben (12 June 2017). "Even Neil Gaiman Was Surprised by the Reaction to 'American Gods'". Variety. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  5. ^ Patten, Dominic; Andreeva, Nellie (29 November 2017). "'American Gods': Michael Green & Bryan Fuller Exit As Showrunners Of Starz Series". Deadline. Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  6. ^ Dornemann, Rudi; Kelly Everding (Summer 2001). "Dreaming American Gods: an Interview With Neil Gaiman". Rain Taxi Online Edition. Rain Taxi, Inc. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
  7. ^ "Neil Gaiman Responds". Slashdot. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  8. ^ Gaiman, Neil (25 September 2001). "Neil Gaiman – September 2001". Neil Gaiman's Journal. Archived from the original on 10 December 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2007.
  9. ^ "Interview with Neil Gaiman". Shadow Writer. 2005. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  10. ^ Gaiman, Neil The Knight and Knave of Swords: The Adventures of Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser ASIN: B001EBHEMG
  11. ^ Gaiman, Neil (28 February 2008). "Kids! Free! Book!". Neil Gaiman's Journal. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
  12. ^ "2001 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  13. ^ Flood, Alison (4 May 2010). "'One Book, One Twitter' launches worldwide book club with Neil Gaiman". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  14. ^ Riesman, Abraham. "Why Adapting Neil Gaiman's American Gods for TV Is a Bad Idea". Vulture. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  15. ^ "Anonymous Author Critiques Neil Gaiman's American Gods through Instagram Comic". PRLog.
  16. ^ Katzman, David. "Review". Goodreads.
  17. ^ Blomqvist, Rut. "'The Road of Our Senses: Search for Personal Meaning and the Limitations of Myth in Neil Gaiman's American Gods'". JSTOR. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  18. ^ Smith, Clay. "Get Gaiman?: PolyMorpheus Perversity in Works by and about Neil Gaiman". ImageTxt: interdisciplinary Comics Studies.
  19. ^ Gaiman, Neil (5 May 2011). "Neil Gaiman's Journal – May 2011". Neil Gaiman's Journal. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  20. ^ Sava, Oliver (23 January 2017). "Neil Gaiman's American Gods comes to comics in this exclusive preview". A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  21. ^ "American Gods Volume 1: Shadows HC". Dark Horse Comics. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  22. ^ Goldberg, Lesley (1 July 2014). "Starz, Bryan Fuller Board Neil Gaiman's 'American Gods'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  23. ^ Petski, Denise (2 February 2018). "'American Gods' Hires New Showrunner For Season 2". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  24. ^ Marshall, Rick (22 June 2011). "Neil Gaiman Reflects On 'American Gods,' 10 Years Later". MTV News. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  25. ^ Flood, Allison (1 September 2014). "Neil Gaiman brings American Gods back to life". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.

External links[]

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