Amphinomidae

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Amphinomidae
Temporal range: Carboniferous – Recent[1]
Bearded Fireworm (Small).jpg
Hermodice carunculata
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Polychaeta
Order: Aciculata
Family: Amphinomidae

Amphinomidae, also known as the bristle worms or sea mice,[2] are a family of marine polychaetes, many species of which bear chaetae mineralized with carbonate.[3] The best-known amphinomids are the fireworms, which can cause great pain if their toxin-coated chaetae are touched or trodden on.[4] Their relationship to other polychaete groups is somewhat poorly resolved.[4]

Complanine[]

Complanine is a quaternary ammonium salt that has been isolated from the marine fireworm . It causes an inflammatory effect upon contact with the skin or mucous membranes.

It was previously known that handling the fireworm caused it to release a chemical that induces inflammation of the skin of marine predators and mammals (including humans). Complanine was the first compound isolated from the fireworm which causes these effects.[5][6] It is presumed that this compound's function is to deter predators of the fireworm.

Species[]

Chloeia flava
Hermodice carunculata
Hermodice carunculata

Most genera in Amphinomidae are divided into two subfamilies: Amphinominae, and Archinominae.[7][a]

  • Alessandrello & Bracchi, 2005†
    • Alessandrello & Bracchi, 2005†
  • Kucheruk, 1981
    • Kucheruk, 1981
  • Horst, 1912
    • Horst, 1912
    • Augener, 1927
  • Horst, 1911
    • Horst, 1911
  • Risso, 1826
    • Risso, 1826

Amphinominae Lamarck, 1818[]

  • Sun & Li, 2017
    • Sun & Li, 2017
  • Amphinome Bruguière, 1789
    • Quatrefages, 1866
    • Grube, 1856
    • Horst, 1912
    • Haswell, 1878
    • (Pallas, 1766)
    • Brulle, 1832
    • Grube, 1860
    • Grube, 1870
    • (Savigny, 1822)
  • Benthoscolex Horst, 1912
    • Horst, 1912
    • Hartman, 1942
    • (Treadwell, 1901)
    • Jimi, Kimura, Ogawa & Kajihara, 2018
  • Hartman, 1967
    • Hartman, 1967
    • Detinova, 1986
    • Barroso, Ranauro & Kudenov, 2017
  • Borda, Kudenov, Bienhold & Rouse, 2012
    • Barroso, Kudenov, Halanych, Saeedi, Sumida & Bernardino, 2018
    • Borda, Kudenov, Bienhold & Rouse, 2012
    • (Horst, 1912)
    • (Çinar, 2008)
  • Eurythoe Kinberg, 1857
    • Hansen, 1882
    • Baird, 1868
    • (Pallas, 1766)
    • Horst, 1912
    • (Schmarda, 1861)
    • Kinberg, 1857
    • (Schmarda, 1861)
    • Bindra, 1927
    • Fauvel, 1914
    • (Schmarda, 1861)
    • Bindra, 1927
    • (Grube, 1856)
    • Fauvel, 1953
    • Kinberg, 1857
  • Hermodice Kinberg, 1857
  • Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1830
    • Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1830
  • Linopherus Quatrefages, 1866
    • (Fauchald, 1972)
    • (Monro, 1937)
    • (Monro, 1933)
    • (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965)
    • Sun & Li, 2016
    • (Grube, 1878)
    • Langerhans, 1881
    • San Martín, 1986
    • (Fauchald, 1972)
    • (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949)
    • (Peters, 1854)
    • Salazar-Vallejo, 1987
    • (Fauvel, 1932)
    • (Knox, 1960)
    • (Treadwell, 1941)
    • (Augener, 1913)
    • (Wu, Shen & Chen, 1975)
    • (Fauvel, 1932)
    • (Kudenov & Blake, 1985)
    • (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949)
    • (Kudenov, 1975)
  • M. Sars in G. Sars 1872
    • Monro, 1930
    • Temperini in Amaral & Nonato, 1994
    • Gustafson, 1930
    • Fauvel, 1932
    • (McIntosh, 1868)
    • Fauchald & Hancock, 1981
    • Barroso & Paiva, 2008
    • Gustafson, 1930
    • Intes & Le Loeuff, 1975
  • Gustafson, 1930
    • Hartman, 1951
    • (M. Sars, 1862)
    • (Johnson, 1897)
    • (Kinberg, 1857)
    • (Treadwell, 1931)
    • Gustafson, 1930
    • Gustafson, 1930
    • (Horst, 1912)
    • De Silva, 1965
    • (Essenberg, 1917)
  • Horst, 1886
    • Imajima, 2003
    • Monro, 1924
    • Silva, 1960
    • (Kinberg, 1857)

Archinominae Kudenov, 1991[]

  • Kudenov, 1991
    • Borda, Kudenov, Chevaldonné, Blake, Desbruyères, Fabri, Hourdez, Pleijel, Shank, Wilson, Schulze & Rouse, 2013
    • Borda, Kudenov, Chevaldonné, Blake, Desbruyères, Fabri, Hourdez, Pleijel, Shank, Wilson, Schulze & Rouse, 2013
    • (Blake, 1985)
    • Fiege & Bock, 2009
    • Borda, Kudenov, Chevaldonné, Blake, Desbruyères, Fabri, Hourdez, Pleijel, Shank, Wilson, Schulze & Rouse, 2013
  • Horst, 1910
    • Böggemann, 2009
    • Horst, 1910
  • Chloeia Lamarck, 1818
    • Horst, 1910
    • Kudenov, 1993
    • Kinberg, 1867
    • Grube, 1868
    • Kinberg, 1857
    • Horst, 1910
    • Grube, 1855
    • Chamberlin, 1919
    • Chloeia flava (Pallas, 1766)
    • Quatrefages, 1866
    • McIntosh, 1885
    • Quatrefages, 1866
    • Barroso & Paiva, 2011
    • Haswell, 1878
    • Potts, 1909
    • Kinberg, 1867
    • Quatrefages, 1866
    • Baird, 1868
    • Moore, 1911
    • Augener, 1922
    • Baird, 1868
    • Potts, 1909
    • Risso, 1826
    • Baird, 1868
    • Quatrefages, 1866
    • Horst, 1910
    • Schmarda, 1861
  • Fauchald, 1977
    • (McIntosh, 1885)
  • Grube, 1855
    • Holly, 1939
    • Monro, 1924
    • Yáñez-Rivera & Carrera-Parra, 2012
    • Horst, 1911
    • Grube, 1855
    • Haswell, 1878
    • Potts, 1909
    • Horst, 1911
    • Holly, 1939
    • Potts, 1909
    • Monro, 1924
    • Borda, Yanez-Rivera, Ochoa, Kudenov, Sanchez-Ortiz, Schulze & Rouse, 2017
    • McIntosh, 1885
    • McIntosh, 1885
    • Izuka, 1910
    • Grube, 1856
    • Haswell, 1878
    • (Baird, 1868)
    • (Kinberg, 1857)
    • Uschakov & Wu, 1962
    • Potts, 1909
  • Horst, 1912
    • Horst, 1912

Subfamily not assigned[]

  • † Parry, Wilson, Sykes, Edgecombe & Vinther, 2015
    • † Parry, Wilson, Sykes, Edgecombe & Vinther, 2015

Notes[]

  1. ^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

References[]

  1. ^ Pleijel, F.; Rouse, G. W.; Vannier, J. (2004). "Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology". Invertebrate Systematics. 18 (6): 693. doi:10.1071/IS04003.
  2. ^ P. Gopalakrishnakone; National University of Singapore. Venom & Toxin Research Group (1990). A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals. NUS Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-9971-69-150-9.
  3. ^ Barroso, R. M.; Paiva, P. C. (2010). "A new deep-sea species of Chloeia (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 91 (2): 419. doi:10.1017/S0025315410001499. S2CID 87982759.
  4. ^ a b Wiklund, H.; Nygren, A.; Pleijel, F.; Sundberg, P. (2008). "The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. 88 (3): 509–513. doi:10.1017/S0025315408000982. S2CID 84732410.
  5. ^ Kazuhiko Nakamura; Yu Tachikawa; Makoto Kitamura; Osamu Ohno; Masami Suganuma; Daisuke Uemura (2008). "Complanine, an inflammation-inducing substance isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata". Org. Biomol. Chem. 6 (12): 2058–2060. doi:10.1039/b803107j. PMID 18528565.
  6. ^ Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Tachikawa, Yu; Uemura, Daisuke (2009). "(−)-Complanine, an inflammatory substance of marine fireworm: a synthetic study". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 5: 12. doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.12. PMC 2686394. PMID 19478919.
  7. ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=960

External links[]

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