Anthony Czarnik

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Anthony W. Czarnik
Born
Anthony William Czarnik, Jr.[1]

1957[2]
NationalityAmerican
OccupationChemist
Alma materUniversity of Wisconsin at Madison (B.S., 1977)
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (M.S., 1980) (Ph.D., 1981)
Columbia University (Postdoctoral)[3]
Known forchemosensors, ACS Combinatorial Science, Illumina, Inc.
Spouse(s)Rebecca Czarnik
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
InstitutionsUniversity of Nevada[4]
(2004–Present)
ThesisChemical studies on nucleic acid analogues (1981)
Doctoral advisorNelson J. Leonard[4][5]
Other academic advisorsEdwin Vedejs, Ronald Breslow[4]
Websitewww.unr.edu/chemistry/people/anthony-czarnik

Anthony W. Czarnik (born 1957) is an American chemist and inventor. He is best known for pioneering studies in the field of fluorescent chemosensors[6][7][2][8] and co-founding Illumina, Inc., a biotechnology company in San Diego.[9][10] Czarnik was also the founding editor of ACS Combinatorial Science.[11] He currently serves as an adjunct visiting professor at the University of Nevada, Reno.[12]

Education[]

Anthony Czarnik attended the University of Wisconsin and received his B.S. in Biochemistry in 1977. He then studied with Nelson J. Leonard[5] at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and earned an M.S. in Biochemistry in 1980 and a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1981 with a thesis, "Chemical studies on nucleic acid analogues."[13] He then did postdoctoral fellowships with Ronald Breslow at Columbia University (1981–1983) as an NIH Postdoctoral Fellow.[14]

Career[]

Czarnik joined the Bio-organic Chemistry Department at the Ohio State University as assistant professor in 1983. He later was promoted to associate professor. Czarnik worked at Ohio State University until 1993, when he was offered a position as director of the bio-organic chemistry group at Parke-Davis Research Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan.[14]

Czarnik was the founding editor of ACS Combinatorial Science (formerly Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry), an academic journal published by the American Chemical Society. In April 1998, Czarnik co-founded Illumina, Inc., a biotechnology company now traded on NASDAQ and specializing in sequencing, genotyping and gene expression with David Walt, John Stuelpnagel, Larry Bock, and Mark Chee.[9][15][16][17][18] Czarnik served as Illumina's chief scientific officer (CSO) until 2000.

He was terminated from his position of CSO[19] and later filed a wrongful termination lawsuit. The Court ruled in Czarnik's favor, but the company appealed.[20][21] The appeal court sustained the lower court verdict but in 2005 reduced the punitive damage ordered by the jury.[22][23] Czarnik later filed a patent law case in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging four counts against his former employer, including reputational harm for correction of named inventor under 35 U.S.C. § 256.[21][24]

In 2001, Czarnik was recruited by Sensors for Medicine and Science, Inc., where he served as chief scientific officer.[25][26] Since 2003, Czarnik has co-founded a number of biotechnology companies including Deuteria Pharmaceuticals LLC and Protia LLC.[27][28][29]

Czarnik is a founder of RenoCares, a charity that provides support to alcohol and drug addicts convicted of misdemeanors in the form of financial aid for rehabilitation treatment, counseling, and psychological services.[30] The organization is managed by the Community Foundation of Western Nevada.[31] Since 2016, annual Czarnik Awards are given for exceptional work in the area of chemosensors at the International Conference on Molecular Sensors and Molecular Logic Gates (MSMLG).[32][33][34]In 2007, Czarnik took part as an executive producer of Electric Heart: Don Ellis, a documentary about Don Ellis, an American jazz musician.[35][36]

Research[]

While at Parke-Davis, Czarnik directed research early in the development of combinatorial chemistry.[12] His group also conducted the first successful effort to discover small molecule drugs that work by binding to RNA.[37][38] In 2003, Czarnik gave an outline of a practical method for monitoring how chemosensors can be used to track glucose levels for diabetic patients.[25]His work, as well as that of many others, led to the first FDA-approved continuous glucose monitor.[39] According to the University of Nevada, Reno's official website, Czarnik's research interests include "chemical product improvement using deuterium substitution, combinatorial chemistry as a tool for drug discovery, nucleic acids as targets for small molecule intervention, and fluorescent chemosensors of ion and molecule recognition".[12]

Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition[]

The concept of the fluorescent chemosensors or molecular structures' ability to detect analytes was substantially developed in the book Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition edited by Prof. Anthony Czarnik and co-authored with other scientists.[40] The work was sponsored by the Division of Organic Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and published in October 1993 in the ACS publications.[41][42]The book's study is mostly focused on the analysis of the fluorescent chemosensors' chemical structures and their applications and technical uses in the different fields of science.

Eventually, chemosensors found applications in everyday life and in various areas such as in chemistry, biochemistry, immunology, physiology, medicine[43][44][45][46][47] and even in the military domain of land mines detection.[48]With the time, the book laid foundation to other Czarnik's publications on chemosensors (also co-authored with Prof. Amilra Prasanna de Silva, J.P. Desvergne and others)[49][50] and gained recognition and critical attention of the scientists community with some of the scientists defining Czarnik's contributions "significant"[49][51] and "pioneering in the field of fluorescent chemosensors"[52][53][54] "with a positive consequence on the creative pursuit of libraries of new molecules for a range of analyte targets".[55]

Selected publications[]

  • Czarnik; A.W. Alcoholic compositions having a lowered risk of acetaldehydemia. U.S. Patent 9,044,423, June 2, 2015.[56]
  • Jacques, V.; Czarnik, A.W.; Judge, T.M.; Van der Ploeg, L.H.T.; DeWitt, S.H. “Differentiation of antiinflammatory and antitumorigenic properties of stabilized enantiomers of thalidomide analogs” PNAS 2015, 112, E1471-E1479[57]
  • Chee, M.S.; Stuelpnagel, J.R.; Czarnik, A.W. Method of making and decoding of array sensors with microspheres. U.S. Patent 7,060,431, June 13, 2006.[58]
  • Mei, H.-Y.; Cui, M.; Heldsinger, A.; Lemrow, S. M.; Loo, J. A.; Sannes-Lowery, K. A.; Sharmeen, L.; Czarnik, A. W. "Inhibitors of Protein-RNA Complexation That Target the RNA: Specific Recognition of HIV-1 TAR RNA by Small Organic Molecules", Biochemistry 1998, 37, 14204-14212[38]
  • Czarnik, A. W. “Guest Editorial on Combinatorial Chemistry”, Acc. Chem. Res., 1996, 29, 112[59]
  • Czarnik, A. W. “Desperately Seeking Sensors”, Chemistry & Biology 1995, 2, 423[60]
  • Czarnik, A. W. "Chemical Communication in Water Using Fluorescent Chemosensors", Accts. Chem. Res. 1994, 27, 302[61]

Books[]

  • Integrated Drug Discovery Technologies. Mei, H.-Y., Czarnik, A.W., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 2002.
  • Optimization of Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis. Yan, B., Czarnik, A.W., Eds.; Wiley: New York, NY, 2002.
  • Solid-Phase Organic Syntheses. Volume 1. Czarnik, A.W., Ed.; Wiley: New York, NY, 2001.
  • A Practical Guide to Combinatorial Chemistry. DeWitt, S.H., Czarnik, A.W., Eds.; ACS Books: Washington, DC, 1997.
  • Combinatorial Chemistry: Synthesis and Application. Wilson, S.H., Czarnik, A.W., Eds.; Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, 1997.
  • Chemosensors of Ion and Molecular Recognition. Desvergne, J.-P., Czarnik, A.W., Eds.; NATO ASI Series, Series C: Vol. 492; Kluwer Academic Press: Dordrecht, 1997.
  • Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition. Czarnik, A.W., Ed.; Vol. 538, ACS Books: Washington, DC, 1993

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ “Chemistry Tree:"Anthony W. Czarnik, Ph.D. ”
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b “Worldcat's indenity:"Czarnik, Anthony W. 1957”
  3. ^ Breslow, Ronald; Czarnik, Anthony W. (1983). "Transaminations by pyridoxamine selectively attached at C-3 in .beta.-cyclodextrin". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (5): 1390–91. doi:10.1021/ja00343a063.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Anthony W. Czarnik, Ph.D." Academic Tree - Chemistry. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "About Nelson J. Leonard". College of liberal Arts & Sciences in Illinois; Department of Chemistry.
  6. ^ Clarke, Tom (June 18, 2002). "New molecule detects lead". Nature. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  7. ^ “University of Malta :"Themed collection on chemosensors and molecular logic”
  8. ^ “Justia Patents:"Patents by Inventor Anthony W. Czarnik”
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b “Illumina, Inc. history, profile and corporate video”
  10. ^ "Innovations: Chemistry on a pinhead" (PDF). Chemistry & Biology. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  11. ^ "ACS Combinatorial Science - Editorial Board". Pubs.ASC.org. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c “University of Nevada, Reno - Faculty Staff”
  13. ^ “Anthony W. Charnik - Thesis”
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b Ginsberg, Judah (January 25, 2010). "Academe As A Career Launchpad". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  15. ^ Johnson, Todd (July 1, 2013). "Illumina - A Deeper Look Into A Genetic Technology Investment". Seeking Alpha. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  16. ^ “CNN Business:"Illumina Inc”
  17. ^ “The Wall Street Journal:"Company Info Illumina Inc.”
  18. ^ “HealthCare Global:"Illumina: Driving the business of genome sequencing forward”
  19. ^ Harper, Mathew (August 20, 2014). "Flatley's Law: The Company Speeding A Genetic Revolution". Forbes. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  20. ^ “GenomeWeb:"Illumina to Pay $7.7 Million for Wrongful Termination of CSO Anthony Czarnik”
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b “Czarnik vs Illumina”
  22. ^ Czarnik v. Illumina, Inc., 437 F. Supp. 2d 252, 258–60 (D. Del. 2006).Mann, Philip P. "The Invisible Man" Intellectual Property Today 2007, 12 (Dec.), 39.
  23. ^ Borman, Stu (February 14, 2005). "Employment lost, restitution found". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  24. ^ “North Nevada Business View:"The name game”
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b “Scientific American:"Sensing trouble”
  26. ^ “Science News: Danger Detection Old and new sensors are aimed to protect troops and commuters”
  27. ^ Seelmeyer, John (December 13, 2010). "Small biotech firms begin to set roots". North Nevada Business View. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  28. ^ Waters, Hannah (June 3, 2011). "Putting the small in small biotech". Nature. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  29. ^ "Chemosensors and Molecular Logic' themed collection". Royal Society of Chemistry.
  30. ^ “RenoCares”
  31. ^ “Reno Cares Fund”
  32. ^ “MSMLG Awards”
  33. ^ “MSMLG 2015 (p.2)”
  34. ^ “MSMLG 2016 Czarnik Award”
  35. ^ All about Jazz: Electric Heart: Don Ellis Documentary Film (Coming In Early 2007)
  36. ^ Electric Heart: Don Ellis (2007): Full Cast & Crew
  37. ^ “C&En Archives:"SMALL MOLECULES TARGET RNA (Abstract)”
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b Mei, Houng-Yau; Cui, Mei; Heldsinger, Andrea; Lemrow, Shannon M.; Loo, Joseph A.; Sannes-Lowery, Kristin A.; Sharmeen, Lamia; Czarnik, Anthony W. (1998). "Inhibitors of Protein−RNA Complexation That Target the RNA: Specific Recognition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 TAR RNA by Small Organic Molecules". Biochemistry. 13 (40): 14204–14212. doi:10.1021/bi981308u. PMID 9760258.
  39. ^ "Eversense Continuous Glucose Monitoring System - P160048/S006". FDA. 20 December 2019.
  40. ^ "Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition Book Review". Instrumentation Science & Technology. 22 (4): 405–406. November 1994. doi:10.1080/10739149408001201.
  41. ^ Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition. ACS Symposium Series. 538. American Chemical Society Publications. 1993. doi:10.1021/bk-1993-0538. ISBN 9780841227286.
  42. ^ "Fluorescent chemosensors for ion and molecule recognition". Google Scholar's.
  43. ^ "The SMSI "Implant-Once-Read-Many" Real-Time Glucose Sensor". NASA.
  44. ^ F., Callan, J.; P., de Silva, A.; C., Magri, D. (2005). "Luminescent sensors and switches in the early 21st century". Tetrahedron. 61 (36): 8551–8588. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.043. ISSN 0040-4020.
  45. ^ de Silva, A. P.; Fox, D. B.; Moody, T. S.; Weir, S. M. (January 2001). "The development of molecular fluorescent switches". Trends in Biotechnology. 19 (1): 29–34. doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)01513-4. ISSN 0167-7799. PMID 11146100.
  46. ^ Supramolecular chemistry : from molecules to nanomaterials. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. 2012. ISBN 9780470746400. OCLC 753634033.
  47. ^ Fabbrizzi, Luigi; Licchelli, Maurizio; Pallavicini, Piersandro (1999-10-01). "Transition Metals as Switches". Accounts of Chemical Research. 32 (10): 846–853. doi:10.1021/ar990013l. ISSN 0001-4842.
  48. ^ Czarnik, Anthony W. (1998). "A sense for landmines". Nature. 394 (6692): 417–418. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..417C. doi:10.1038/28728. S2CID 40533770.
  49. ^ Jump up to: a b "Special Issue "Chemosensors and Their Application in Cell Imaging Studies" by Dr. Atanu Jana". MDPI.
  50. ^ Desvergne, J. P; Czarnik, A. W, eds. (1997). Chemosensors of Ion and Molecule Recognition. NATO ASI Series. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3973-1. ISBN 978-94-010-5759-2.
  51. ^ "'Chemosensors and Molecular Logic' themed collection". Royal Society of Chemistry.
  52. ^ "Themed collection - Chemosensors and Molecular Logic". Royal Society of Chemistry.
  53. ^ "Chemosensors by Tony James". Chemistry Europe. European Chemical Societies Publishing. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)2191-1363.
  54. ^ "Themed collection on chemosensors and molecular logic". University of Malta.
  55. ^ Magri, David (2018). "Recent Progress on the Evolution of Pourbaix Sensors: Molecular Logic Gates for Protons and Oxidants". Chemosensors. 6 (4): 48. doi:10.3390/chemosensors6040048.
  56. ^ US patent 9044423, W. Czarnik, Anthony & A. McKinney, Jeffrey, "Alcoholic compositions having a lowered risk of acetaldehydemia" 
  57. ^ Jacques, Vincent; Czarnik, Anthony W.; Judge, Thomas M.; Van der Ploeg, Lex H. T.; DeWitt, Sheila H. (2015). "Differentiation properties of stabilized enantiomers of thalidomide analogs". PNAS. 112 (12): E1471–E1479. doi:10.1073/pnas.1417832112. PMC 4378388. PMID 25775521.
  58. ^ US patent 7060431, W. Czarnik, Anthony; S. Chee, Mark & R. Stuelpnagel, John, "Method of making and decoding of array sensors with microspheres" 
  59. ^ Czarnik W, Anthony (1996). "Guest Editorial on Combinatorial Chemistry". American Chemical Society. 29 (3): 112–113. doi:10.1021/ar950256n.
  60. ^ Czarnik W., Anthony (1995). "Desperately Seeking Sensors". Chemistry & Biology. 2 (7): 423–8. doi:10.1016/1074-5521(95)90257-0. PMID 9383444.
  61. ^ Czarnik W, Anthony (1994). "Chemical Communication in Water Using Fluorescent Chemosensors". American Chemical Society. 27 (10): 302–308. doi:10.1021/ar00046a003.

External links[]

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