Aoife MacMurrough

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Aoife MacMurrough
Marriage of strongbow and aoife.jpg
The Marriage of Strongbow and Eva (1854) by Daniel Maclise, a romanticised depiction of the union between Aoife and Richard de Clare in the ruins of Waterford
Born1145
Died1188
Noble familyMacMurrough-Kavanagh family
Spouse(s)Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
FatherDermot MacMurrough
MotherMor O'Toole

Aoife MacMurrough (c. 1145 – 1188, Irish: Aoife Ní Diarmait), also known by later historians as Eva of Leinster, was an Irish noblewoman, Princess of Leinster and Countess of Pembroke. She was the daughter of Dermot MacMurrough (c. 1110 – 1171) (Irish: Diarmait Mac Murchada), King of Leinster, and his second wife, Mór Ní Tuathail or Mor O'Toole (c. 1114 – 1191), and a niece of Archbishop of Dublin St Lawrence O'Toole.

Life[]

As the daughter of a Gaelic king, the young Aoife would have been raised in much higher dignity than most other girls in Ireland who were of poorer stock than she; her privileged status ensured that she was educated in the law of the land and would have ensured that she was literate in Church-Latin. Since her mother (who also produced one son and another daughter) was the second wife of Diarmait, her station was automatically lower than that of her husband's first wife, Sadb Ní Faeláin, and her issue of two sons and one daughter. It has been asserted by some historians[citation needed] that the children of the second wife were illegitimate as per the European laws which specified that marriage was a contract[citation needed] between one man and one woman and until the death of either party – this was not the case in Ireland, where the Brehon law allowed two wives, trial marriages and divorce was quite normal. Aoife's brother Domhnall succeeded their father to the kingship of Leinster after his election by the family "derbfine".[citation needed]

On 25 August 1170, following the Norman invasion of Ireland that her father had requested, she was married to Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, better known as Strongbow, the leader of the Norman invasion force, in Christchurch cathedral in Waterford. Her father, Dermot MacMurrough, who was seeking a military alliance with Strongbow in his feud with the King of Breffni, Tiernan O'Rourke, had promised Aoife to Pembroke. However, according to Brehon law, both the man and the woman had to consent to the marriage, so it is fair to conclude that Aoife accepted her father's arrangements.[1]

Under Anglo-Norman law, this gave Strongbow succession rights to the Kingdom of Leinster. Under Irish Brehon law, the marriage gave her a life interest only, after which any land would normally revert to male cousins; but Brehon law also recognised a transfer of "swordland" following a conquest. Aoife led troops in battle and is sometimes known as Red Eva (Irish: Aoife Rua).[2]

She had two sons and a daughter with her husband Richard de Clare and through their daughter, Isabel de Clare, within a few generations their descendants included much of the nobility of Europe including all the monarchs of Scotland since Robert I (1274–1329) and all those of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom since Henry IV (1367–1413); and, apart from Anne of Cleves, all the queen consorts of, as well as, Henry VIII.[3]

Death[]

While the exact date of the death of Aoife of Leinster is unknown (one suggested year is 1188), there is in existence one tale of her demise.[citation needed] As a young woman, she lived many years following the death of Strongbow in 1176, and devoted herself to raising their children and defending their territory.[citation needed]

Ancestry[]

Issue[]

Name Birth Death Notes
Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke 1172 1220 m. Aug 1189, Sir William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, Lord Marshal, son of John Fitz Gilbert, Marshal (Marechal) of England, and Sibylla of Salisbury.
Gilbert de Striguil (Chepstow), 3rd Earl of Pembroke 1173 1185 Inherited title from father but died as a minor. The title then went to his sister's husband on marriage. Isabel's husband, William Marshal, was given the title Earl of Pembroke in his own right by King John of England. Until that time, Marshal did not call himself the Earl until he had achieved the privilege in his own right, rather than through his marriage to Isabel.
Children of Aoife MacMurrough and Richard de Clare (Strongbow)

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Hull, Eleanor (1931). A History of Ireland and Her People. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  2. ^ Brian Igoe (2012). The Story of Ireland. Smashwords. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-301-36210-3.
  3. ^ Lundy, Darryl. "Robert I Bruce, King of Scotland". The Peerage. Retrieved 12 August 2016.

Sources[]

  • O Croinin, Daibhi (1995) Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 London: Longman Press; p. 281
  • Salmonson, Jessica Amanda (1991) The Encyclopedia of Amazons. Paragon House. Page 160. ISBN 1-55778-420-5
  • Weis, Frederick Lewis Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700, Lines: 66–26, 175–7, 261–30
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