Aphaeninae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Aphaeninae
Flatolystra verrucosa MHNT.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha
Family: Fulgoridae
Subfamily: Aphaeninae
Blanchard, 1847
Tribes

See text

The subfamily Aphaeninae is a group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics. They belong to the Fulgoridae (fulgorids), though they are not among the better-known members of that family that are called "lantern bugs" or "lanternflies" (although as true bugs they are only distantly related to true flies). In 2009, the first molecular analysis of the Fulgoridae challenged the existing structure of eight currently recognized subfamilies and eleven tribes.

Aphaeninae contain a number of well-sized fulgorids. If seen flying at a distance, they can be mistaken for Lepidoptera, as they are large winged and boldly patterned, although usually not as colorful as some other fulgorids.

The future of the Aphaeninae as a subfamily is unclear since the species assigned to it are interlineated in the molecular analysis with species of other Fulgoridae subfamilies.[1][2]

Tribes and genera[]

Tribe Aphaenini[]

Auth.: Blanchard, 1847 and Distant, 1906 (distribution: worldwide tropics)

  • Karsch, 1890 (equatorial Africa)
  • Aphaena Guérin-Méneville, 1834 (type genus: Asia)
  • Kirkaldy, 1901 (Gambia)
  • Jacobi, 1910 (E. Africa)
  • Stål, 1869 (Central Americas)
  • Walker, 1858 (Sub-Saharan Africa)
  • Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010 (Malesia)
  • Gerstaecker, 1895 (Equatorial Africa)
  • Stål, 1853 (Sub-Saharan Africa)
  • Kalidasa Kirkaldy, 1900 (India, Indo-China)
  • Stål, 1863 (Asia: esp. China)
  • Lycorma Stål, 1863 (Asia: incl. invasive sp.)
  • Schmidt, 1905 (Congo basin)
  • Schmidt, 1905 (Central Africa)
  • Lallemand, 1928 (Congo basin)
  • Omalocephala Spinola, 1839 (Africa, S. India, Sri Lanka)
  • Penthicodes Blanchard, 1845 (South-East Asia: esp. Indo-China & Malesia)
    • Species in the "artificial, heterogenous genus" Aphaenina Metcalf, 1947 are now synonyms of Penthicodes spp.[3]
  • Walker, 1851 (Malesia)
  • Scamandra Stål, 1863[4] (Malesia)
  • Stål, 1863 (PNG)

Tribe Benamatapini[]

Auth.: Lallemand, 1959 (central Africa)

  • Distant, 1899

Tribe Enchophorini[]

Auth.: Haupt, 1929 (central & south America, Madagascar)

  • Stål, 1866
  • Belbina Stål, 1863 (Madagascar)
  • Stål, 1863
  • Spinola, 1839
  • Walker, 1858

Incertae sedis[]

  • Constant, 2016 (Malesia)
  • Lallemand, 1959 (PNG)
  • Nast, 1950 (South America)
  • Wang & Huang, 1989 (China, Vietnam)
  • Lallemand, 1963 (PNG)
  • Fennah, 1977 (PNG)

Genera formerly placed here[]

  • Hellerides Lallemand, 1963 is a junior synonym of Fennah, 1955 in the Lophopidae.[5]

The following PNG/Australian genera were previously placed here, but are now in the Poiocerinae: tribe Poiocerini Haupt, 1929:

  • Desudaba Walker, 1858 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912)
  • Distant, 1906 (formerly in the tribe Limoisini Lallemand, 1963)
  • Galela Distant, 1906 (formerly in the tribe Aphaenini Schmidt, 1912)
  • The type species of genus Apossoda, A. togoensis Schmidt, 1911, is now placed in Pyrgoteles: P. togoensis (Schmidt, 1911)[6]

Adverse effects[]

The spotted lantern fly is an invasive species in the United States and can devastate vineyards and ruin fruit crops.[7] It feeds on a variety of crops, and the waste it excretes encourages a fungal growth called sooty mold which can kill plants by blocking sunlight from reaching their leaves.[8] In September 2021 a boy included one of these rare and dangerous insects in his bug collection at the Kansas State Fair, triggering a federal investigation because the lanternfly had previously not been found farther west than southeastern Indiana.[8]

References[]

  1. ^ Urban, Julie M.; Cryan, Jason R. (2009). "Entomologically famous, evolutionarily unexplored: the first phylogeny of the lanternfly family Fulgoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 50 (3): 471–484. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.004. PMID 19118634.
  2. ^ "2010 Project Updates from the Cryan Lab" (PDF). University of Connecticut.
  3. ^ Constant, Jerome (2010). "The lanternfly genus Penthicodes: key to the species and review of the "Ereosoma group" with two new species and one new subspecies (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 2523: 1–26. Abstract
  4. ^ Constant, Jerome (2013). "The Oriental lanternfly genus Scamandra: new species and taxonomical notes (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)". Zootaxa. 3709 (2): 134–148. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3709.2.2.
  5. ^ Liang, Ai-Ping (1995). "Taxonomic changes in oriental Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 103 (2): 162–164. JSTOR 25010151.
  6. ^ Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (retrieved 26 June 2018)
  7. ^ Kevin Ambrose and Kasha Patel (13 Sep 2021). "The invasive spotted lantern fly is spreading across the Mid-Atlantic". The Washington Post.
  8. ^ a b Jonathan Edwards (15 Sep 2021). "A Kansas boy entered a unique insect at the state fair. It triggered a federal investigation". The Washington Post.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""