Apis mellifera macedonica

Macedonian bee
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Apidae
Genus:	Apis
Species:	A. mellifera
Subspecies:	A. m. macedonica
Trinomial name
Apis mellifera macedonica Ruttner, 1988

The Macedonian bee (Apis mellifera macedonica) is a subspecies of the Western honey bee. It is found mainly in North Macedonia, Northern Greece and other places in the Balkans as well. Originally this subspecies was described based on morphological characteristics by Friedrich Ruttner, as were the adami, cecropia and cypria subspecies.

The bee populations of Thrace, Macedonia, Central Greece and the Peloponnese are completely distinguishable from those on the island of Crete. Studies of bee populations in 2005^{[citation needed]} from various areas of Greece (Ikaria, Kasos, Kythira, Phthiotis, Macedonia) and Cyprus analyzing mitochondrial DNA segments and finding differences in enzymatic restrictions, resulting in Apis mellifera adamii, Apis mellifera cecropia and Apis Cypria mellifera have a haplotype which differs from the Macedonian Apis mellifera haplotype, this subspecies being the most distant of all.

Non-recognition of the Ruttner hypothesis[]

Ruttner distinguished Apis mellifera macedonica from Apis mellifera carnica in 1988, assigning a geographical distribution to the subspecies in northern Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and (perhaps) part of the former USSR. Other naturists^{[citation needed]} recognize Ruttner's subspecies as Apis mellifera rodopica and Apis mellifera carpatica.

References[]

Bibliography[]

• Ifantidis, M.D. (1979). "Morphological characters of the Greek Bee Apis Mellifica Cecropia". XXVII Apimondia Congress, Athens: 271–277. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Lynch, M.; Crease, T.J. (1990). "The Analysis of Population Survey Data of DNA sequence variation". Molecular Biology and Evolution (7): 377–394. PMID 1974693.
• Ruttner, Friedrich (2013). Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees. Berlin: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 9783642726491.
• Ruttner, Friedrich (2003). Naturgeschichte der Honigbienen [Natural history of the Honey bee] (in German) (2 ed.). Kosmos. ISBN 9783440094778.
• Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, Scharf SJ, Higuchi R, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA (1988). "Primer directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with thermostable DNA polymerase". Science. 239 (238): 487–491. doi:10.1126/science.2448875. PMID 2448875.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bouga, Maria; Paschalis, C; Kilias Harizanis, George; Alahiotis, Stamatis Nikolaos (2005). "Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships of honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations from Greece and Cyprus using PCR - RFLP analysis of three mtDNA segments". Apidologie (36): 335–344. doi:10.1051/apido:2005021. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
• Sheppard, W.S.; Arias, M.C.; Grech, A.; Meixner, M.D. (1997). "Apis mellifera ruttneri, a new honey bee subspecies from Malta". Apidologie. 28 (5): 287–293. doi:10.1051/apido:19970505.

External links[]

• ANERCEA, apicultural society website (in French)