Aporrhaidae
Aporrhaidae | |
---|---|
A shell of Aporrhais pespelecani, from Catalonia, Spain | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
Clade: | Hypsogastropoda |
Order: | Littorinimorpha |
Superfamily: | Stromboidea |
Family: | Aporrhaidae Gray, 1850[1] |
Genera | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
|
Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[3] categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.
Aporrhaids are commercially important, especially in traditional fisheries.[4]
Description[]
Aporrhaids have a large lip with finger-like extensions, and a small operculum. They do not have movable eyes. Instead, their eyes are fixed at the base of each tentacle.[5]
The mollusk has one narrow foot, which renders its motion interrupted as the foot must raise the shell a tiny bit in each single movement, simultaneously pushing it forward. The motion must be repeated again and again for the mollusk to travel.[6]
Habitat[]
Aporrhaidae live on muddy and sandy bottoms, sometimes in very large populations.
Subfamilies[]
Subfamilies in the family Aporrhaidae include:
- Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 - synonym: Chenopidae Deshayes, 1865
- Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983 - synonyms: Alariidae Koken, 1889 (inv.); Dicrolomatidae Korotkov, 1992
- † Harpagonidae Pchelintsev, 1963
- † Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992 - synonym: Struthiopterinae Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
- † Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
Genera[]
There are only two Recent genera:[7][8]
- Aporrhais da Costa, 1778
- Arrhoges Gabb, 1868
- † Gabb, 1868
- † Meek, 1864
- † Steinmann & Wilckens, 1908
- † Finlay & Marwick, 1937
Fossil genera within the family Aporrhaidae include:
- Saul, 1998
- Conrad, 1860
- Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992
- Harris & Burrows, 1891
- Hacobjan, 1976
- Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
- Gründel, 2001
- Gill, 1870
- Böhm, 1885
- Cuphosolenus Piette, 1876
- Piette, 1876
- Gabb, 1868
- Piette, 1864
- Digitolabrum Cossmann, 1904
- Gardner, 1875
- Sohl, 1960
- Gabb, 1868
- Gabb, 1868
- Rosenkrantz, 1970
- Abdel Gawad, 1986
- Sohl, 1960
- White, 1875
- Cossmann, 1904
- Kiel & Perrilliat, 2001
- Piette, 1876
- Tate, 1865
- Olsson, 1931
- Cossmann, 1904
- Conrad, 1855
- Kollmann, 2005
- Meek, 1864
- Pchelincev, 1953
- Koch, 1911
- Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
- Loch, 1989
- Tessarolax Gabb, 1864
- Elder, 1990
- Gründel, Nützel & Schulbert, 2009[9] - type species: Rostellaria subpunctata - (von Munster in Goldfuss, 1826–1844)
- Blagovetshenskiy & Shumilkin, 2006
- Finlay & Marwick, 1937
- Stephenson, 1941
- Gründel, 1998
- Cossmann, 1889
References[]
- ^ Gray J. E. 1850. Figures of molluscous animals selected from various authors. Etched for the use of students by M. E. Gray. Volume 4. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. iv+219 pp. Apporhaidae at page 66.
- ^ Kiel S. & Bandel K. (1999). "The Pugnellidae, a new stromboidean family from the Upper Cretaceous". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 73(1-2): 47-58, 6 Figs., Stuttgart. PDF[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ http://shells.tricity.wsu.edu/ArcherdShellCollection/Gastropoda/Aporrhaidae.html
- ^ http://www.treknature.com/gallery/photo154498.htm
- ^ Gofas, S. (2012). Aporrhaidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22988 on 2012-09-27
- ^ Kronenberg, G.C. 1991: The Recent species of the family Aporrhaidae. Vita marina, 41(2): 73-84.
- ^ Gründel, J., Nützel A. & Schulbert C. (24 July) 2009. Toarctocera (Gastropoda, Aporrhaidae): a new genus from the Jurassic (Toarcian/Aalenian) of South Germany and the early evolutionary history of the family Aporrhaidae. Paläontologische Zeitschrift (online), PDF
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
External links[]
- Data related to Aporrhaidae at Wikispecies
- Media related to Aporrhaidae at Wikimedia Commons
- Gastropoda Stromboidea - Ulrich Wieneke and Han Stoutjesdijk
- Aporrhaidae
- Stromboidea
- Taxa named by John Edward Gray