Arachis

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This article is about the legume genus which includes peanuts. For the fictional planet, see Arrakis.

Arachis
Peanut 9417.jpg
Arachis hypogaea leaves and freshly dug pods
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Dalbergieae
Genus: Arachis
L.
Species

See text

Arachis is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae.[1][2] At least one species, the peanut (Arachis hypogaea), is a major food crop species of global importance; some of the other species are cultivated for food to a small extent in South America. Other species such as A. pintoi are cultivated worldwide as forage and soil conditioner plants, with the leaves providing high-protein feed for grazing livestock and a nitrogen source in agroforestry and permaculture systems.

Arachis species, including the peanut, are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera species, including the flame shoulder, nutmeg, and turnip moth.[3]

Species[]

Arachis comprises the following sections and species:[4][5]

Section Arachis[]

  • Arachis batizocoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Arachis cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Arachis correntina () Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Arachis diogoi Hoehne
  • Arachis duranensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Stalker
  • C. E. Simpson et al.
  • Mart. ex Krapov. &
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Arachis hypogaea L.—peanut
    • subsp. fastigiata Waldron
      • var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
      • var. fastigiata (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg
      • var. peruviana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
      • var. vulgaris Harz
    • subsp. hypogaea L.
      • var. hirsuta J. Kohler
      • var. hypogaea L.
  • Arachis ipaensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • C. E. Simpson et al.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Valls et al.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Arachis monticola Krapov. & Rigoni
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Benth.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section Caulorrhizae[]

Section Erectoides[]

  • Arachis archeri Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Handro
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Handro
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Chodat & Hassl.
    • subsp. capibarensis Krapov. & W. C. Greg
    • subsp. paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl.
  • Valls & C. E. Simpson
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section Extranervosae[]

  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & Rigoni
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Gardner
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Benth.—grassnut
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Valls et al.
  • Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne

Section Heteranthae[]

  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Valls &
  • Benth.
  • Valls et al.
  • (A. Chev.) A. Chev.

Section Procumbentes[]

  • Krapov. &
  • Krapov. et al.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. et al.
  • C. E. Simpson et al.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section Rhizomatosae[]

  • Valls et al.

Series Prorhizomatosae[]

  • Handro

Series Rhizomatosae[]

  • Arachis glabrata Benth.
    • var. glabrata Benth.
    • var. hagenbeckii (Harms) F. J. Herm.
  • (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis glabrata

Section Trierectoides[]

Section Triseminatae[]

  • Krapov. & W.C. Greg.


Hybrids[]

  • Arachis × batizogaea Krapov. & A. Fernández

References[]

  1. ^ Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE (2001). "The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade". American Journal of Botany. 88 (3): 503–33. doi:10.2307/2657116. JSTOR 2657116. PMID 11250829.
  2. ^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". South African Journal of Botany. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
  3. ^ "HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants". The Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
  4. ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Arachis". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  5. ^ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Arachis". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 5 February 2014.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

External links[]

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