Arcellinida

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arcellinida
Temporal range: Tonian–Present
Arcella sp.jpg
Arcella sp. test
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Amoebozoa
Class:
Tubulinea
Order:
Arcellinida

Arcellinid testate amoebae or Arcellinida,[1] Arcellacean[2] or lobose testate amoebae[3] are single-celled protists partially enclosed in a simple test (shell).

Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water.[1] They use their pseudopodia, a temporary cell extension, for moving and taking in food. Like most amoebae, they are generally believed to reproduce asexually via binary fission. However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae.[4]

Test or shell[]

Simple tests are made by secretion (autogenous tests), agglutination of foreign material (xenogenous tests), or sometimes a combination of both. Past environmental changes can be determined by analysing the composition of fossil tests, including the reconstruction of past climate change.[1] Testate amoebae species have been used to reconstruct hydrological changes over the late Holocene, as a result of individual species possessing a narrow tolerance for ecohydrological conditions such as water-table depth or pH.[5]

Evolutionary history[]

Fossils of arcellinid testate amoebae date back to the Tonian stage of the Proterozoic, around 789-759 million years ago. The fossils indicate that by 730 million years ago, arcellinids had already diversified into major lineages.[6]

Testate amoebae are theorized to be mostly polyphyletic (coming from more than one ancestral type), but testaceafilosea, one group of testate amoebae, are theorized to be monophyletic. Ancient tests of terrestrial fauna are commonly found in fossilized amber,[7] although mid-Cretaceous testate amoeba (i.e., Diffligia, Cucurbitella) have been found in ancient lake sediments.[8] It is likely that the group has evolved minimally over the course of the Phanerozoic.

Classification[]

Phylogeny of Arcellinida[9]
Arcellinida
 

Phryganellina

 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The group contains the following taxa:[10][11][9]

  • Suborder Phryganellina Bovee 1985
    • Family Phryganellidae Jung 1942
      • Phryganella Penard 1902
    • Family Cryptodifflugiidae Jung 1942
      • ? Vasicek & Ruzicka 1957
      • ? Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1960
      • ? Sudzuki 1979
      • Cryptodifflugia Penard 1890 [ Cash 1904; Francé 1913 non Green 1902]
      • Bobrov 2016
      • Wailesella Deflandre 1928
  • Suborder Kosakyan et al. 2016
    • Family Microchlamyiidae Ogden 1985
      • Microchlamys Cockerell 1911 [Pseudochlamys Claparede & Lachmann 1859 non Lacordaire 1848 non Comas 1977]
      • Pyxidicula Ehrenberg 1838 non Ehrenberg 1834 non Strelnikova & Nikolajev 1986
      • Kudryavtsev & Hausmann 2007
  • Suborder Kosakyan et al. 2016
    • Infraorder Kosakyan et al. 2016
      • Family Heleoperidae Jung 1942
        • Awerintzewia Schouteden 1906
        • Heleopera Leidy 1879
    • Infraorder Kosakyan et al. 2016
      • Family Hyalospheniidae Jung, 1942 [Nebelidae Taranek 1882]
        • ? Korganova 1987
        • ? Jung 1942
        • ? Couteaux 1978
        • ? Jung 1942
        • ? Bartos 1954
        • ? Medioli et al. 1990
        • ? Jung 1942
        • ? Kahl 1930
        • ? Décloitre 1964 nomen nudum
        • ? Stepanek 1967 nomen nudum
        • ?Pterygia Jung 1942 non Roeding 1798 non Link 1807 non Laporte 1832
        • ? Jung 1942 non Schulze 1900
        • ? Jung 1942
        • Duckert et al. 2018
        • Alocodera Jung 1942a
        • Apodera Loeblich & Tappan 1961
        • Certesella Loeblich & Tappan 1961
        • Kosakyan et al. 2016
        • Kosakyan et al. 2016
        • Hyalosphenia Stein 1859
        • Kosakyan et al. 2016
        • Kosakyan et al. 2016
        • Nebela Leidy 1875
        • Lara & Todorov 2012
        • Kosakyan et al. 2016
        • Porosia Jung 1942
        • Quadrulella Cockerell 1909 [Quadrula Schulze 1875 non Rafinesque 1820]
    • Infraorder Kosakyan et al. 2016
      • ?Centropyxiella Valkanov 1970
      • ? Jung 1942
      • Family Centropyxidae
        • Dekhtiar 2009
        • Centropyxis Stein 1857 [ Claparede & Lachmann 1859 non Pantocsek 1913; Zivkovic 1975; Laminger 1971]
        • Nasser & Patterson 2015
        • Proplagiopyxis Schönborn 1964
      • Family Plagiopyxidae
        • Bullinularia Deflandre 1953 [ Penard 1911]
        • Geoplagiopyxis Chardez 1961
        • GauthierLievre & Thomas 1958
        • Paracentropyxis Bonnet 1960
        • Plagiopyxis Penard 1910
        • Bonnet 1977
        • Protoplagiopyxis Bonnet 1962
    • Infraorder Kosakyan et al. 2016
      • Family Lesquereusiidae [Paraquadrulidae Deflandre 1953]
        • Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
        • Lesquereusia Schlumberger 1845
        • Microquadrula Golemansky 1968
        • Paraquadrula Deflandre 1932
        • Pomoriella Golemansky 1970
      • Family Difflugiidae Wallich 1864
        • ?Lagenodifflugia Medioli & Scott 1983
        • ?Maghrebia Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1958
        • ? Bovee & Jahn 1974 [Pentagonia Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1958 non Cozzens 1846; Haman 1988]
        • ? Oye 1956
        • ?Sexangularia Awerintzew 1906
        • ?Suiadifflugia Green 1975
        • ?Zivkovicia Ogden 1987
        • Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
        • Difflugia Leclere 1815 ex Lamarck 1816
        • Patterson 2014
        • Snegovaya & Alekperov 2009
        • Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
        • Pontigulasia Rhumbler 1895
        • Gauthier-Lievre 1954 non Schönborn 1964
    • Infraorder Kosakyan et al. 2016
      • ?Cornuapyxis Couteaux & Chardez 1981
      • ?Cucurbitella Penard 1902 non Walpers 1846
      • ?Ellipsopyxella Bonnet 1975
      • ?Ellipsopyxis Bonnet 1965
      • ? Gauthier-Lievre & Thomas 1960 non Naumov
      • Family Distomatopyxidae Bonnet 1970
        • Distomatopyxis Bonnet 1970
      • Family Lamtopyxidae Bonnet 1974
        • Lamtopyxis Bonnet 1974
      • Family Kosakyan et al. 2016 [Cyclopyxidae Schönborn 1989]
        • Cyclopyxis Bonnet 1953
        • Netzelia Ogden 1979
      • Family Arcellidae Ehrenberg 1832
        • Antarcella Ehrenberg 1838
        • Arcella Deflandre 1928 [Arcellina Carter 1856 non DuPlessis 1876 non Haeckel 1894; Ehrenberg 1837 non Magnus 1875; Playfair 1918]
      • Trigonopyxidae Loeblich 1964
        • Geopyxella Bonnet & Thomas 1955
        • Trigonopyxis Penard 1912

incertae sedis:

  • Argynnia Vucetich 1974
  • Bonnet, 1959
  • Loeblich & Tappan 1961
  • Lamtoquadrula Bonnet 1975
  • Leptochlamys West 1901
  • Medioli et al. 1990
  • † Strullu-Derrien et al. 2019
  • Physochila Jung 1942
  • Bonnet 1959
  • Medioli et al. 1990 non Gosse 1851 non Hirase 1927 non Neviani 1930
  • Schoenbornia Decloitre 1964
  • Swabia
  • Family Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
    • Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
    • Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
  • Family Huddleston & Haman 1985
    • Haman 1982
  • Family Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005
    • Snegovaya & Alekperov 2005

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun03/gsamoebae.html Testate amoebae, peat bogs and past climates. accessed 16 march 2007
  2. ^ Identification key for holocene lacustrine arcellacean (thecamoebian) taxa Archived December 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Lara E, Heger TJ, Ekelund F, Lamentowicz M, Mitchell EA (April 2008). "Ribosomal RNA genes challenge the monophyly of the Hyalospheniidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida)". Protist. 159 (2): 165–76. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.09.003. PMID 18023614.
  4. ^ Lahr DJ, Parfrey LW, Mitchell EA, Katz LA, Lara E (2011). "The chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1715): 2081–2090. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0289. PMC 3107637. PMID 21429931.
  5. ^ Woodland, Wendy, A. (1998). "Quantitative estimates of water tables and soil moisture in Holocene peatlands from testate amoebae". The Holocene. 8 (3): 261–273. doi:10.1191/095968398667004497.
  6. ^ "Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic". Current Biology. 29 (6): 991–1001.e3. 2019-03-18. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.078. hdl:10261/240246. ISSN 0960-9822.
  7. ^ Schmidt, A.R.; Ragazzi, E.; Coppellotti, O.; Roghi, G. (2006). "A microworld in Triassic amber". Nature. 444 (7121): 835. doi:10.1038/444835a. PMID 17167469.
  8. ^ Hengstum, Van; Reinhardt, E.G.; Medioli, F.S.; Grocke, D.R. (2007). "Exceptionally preserved late albian (Cretaceous) Arcellaceans (Thecamoebians) from the Dakota Formation near Lincoln, Nebraska" (PDF). Journal of Foraminiferal Research. 37 (4): 300–308. doi:10.2113/gsjfr.37.4.300.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Lahr, Daniel J.G.; Kosakyan, Anush; Lara, Enrique; Mitchell, Edward A.D.; Morais, Luana; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Pánek, Tomáš; Kang, Seungho; Brown, Matthew W. (2019). "Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic". Current Biology. 29 (6): 991–1001. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.078.
  10. ^ Ralf Meisterfeld: Arcellinida, In: John J. Lee, Gordon F. Leedale, Phyllis Bradbury (Hrsg.): Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, 2nd Edition. Vol. 2, Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, Kansas 2000, ISBN 1-891276-23-9, pp. 827-860
  11. ^ Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, Brown MW, Burki F, Dunthorn M, Hampl V, Heiss A, Hoppenrath M, Lara E, le Gall L, Lynn DH, McManus H, Mitchell EA, Mozley-Stanridge SE, Parfrey LW, Pawlowski J, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Spiegel FW (2012). "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–514. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC 3483872. PMID 23020233.

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