Asphodelus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Asphodelus
Asphodelus albus0.jpg
White asphodel (Asphodelus albus)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Asphodelus
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Asphodeloides Moench
  • Clausonia Pomel
  • Verinea Pomel
  • Gethosyne Salisb.
  • Ophioprason Salisb.
  • Glyphosperma S.Watson

Asphodelus is a genus of mainly perennial flowering plants in the asphodel family Asphodelaceae[2] that was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The genus was formerly included in the lily family (Liliaceae).[3] The genus is native to temperate Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent, and some species have been introduced to, and are now naturalized in, other places such as New Zealand, Australia, Mexico and southwestern United States.[1][4] Many asphodels are popular garden plants, which grow in well-drained soils with abundant natural light.

Character[]

The plants are hardy herbaceous perennials with narrow tufted radical leaves and an elongated stem bearing a handsome spike of white or yellow flowers. Asphodelus albus and A. fistulosus have white flowers and grow from 1½ to 2 ft. high; A. ramosus is a larger plant, the large white flowers of which have a reddish-brown line in the middle of each segment.

Etymology[]

The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek. Its original version is ἀσφόδελος.[5] though, some think that it derives from Georgian word Aspotola (ასფოთოლა) that means ,,plant with hundred leaves". greeks may took the name from kingdom of Colchis.

Species[]

There are 16 species in the genus.[6]

Species[1]
  1. Desf. - Branched asphodel - Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
  2. Asphodelus aestivus Brot. - Summer asphodel, also known as Common asphodel and Silver rod - Western Mediterranean (mainly Portugal and Spain)
  3. Asphodelus albus Mill. - White asphodel, also known as Rimmed lichen - Mediterranean
  4. Jahand. & Maire - France, Spain, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Canary Islands
  5. Breistr. - Western Himalayas of northern India, northern Pakistan, etc.
  6. P.Silva - Spain, Portugal
  7. J.Gay - France, Spain, Sardinia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
  8. Asphodelus fistulosus L. - Onion-leaved asphodel, also known as Onionweed - Mediterranean ( naturalized in New Zealand, Mexico, southwestern United States, etc. )
  9. Braun-Blanq. & Maire - Morocco
  10. Cout. - Spain, Portugal
  11. Asphodelus macrocarpus Parl. - Mediterranean
  12. Asphodelus ramosus L. - Branched asphodel - southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and Canary Islands
  13. Boiss. - North Africa and Arabian Peninsula from Mauritania + Morocco to Saudi Arabia
  14. Humbert & Maire - Spain, Morocco
  15. Wolley-Dod - Spain, Portugal
  16. Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. - Southeast Europe and northern Africa from the Mediterranean south to Mali, Chad, Sudan, Somalia; south-central Asia from Caucasus to India
  17. Boiss. - North Africa, Middle East, Arabian Peninsula
Formerly included

Uses[]

The leaves[clarification needed] are used to wrap burrata, an Italian cheese. The leaves and the cheese last about the same time, three or four days, and thus fresh leaves are a sign of a fresh cheese, while dried out leaves indicate that the cheese is past its prime.[7]

Mythology[]

In Greek legend the asphodel is one of the most famous of the plants connected with the dead and the underworld. Homer describes it as covering the great meadow (ἀσφόδελος λειμών), the haunt of the dead. It was planted on graves, and is often connected with Persephone, who appears crowned with a garland of asphodels.[citation needed] Its general connection with death is due no doubt to the greyish colour of its leaves and its yellowish flowers, which suggest the gloom of the underworld and the pallor of death. The roots were eaten by the poorer Greeks; hence such food was thought good enough for the shades.[citation needed] The asphodel was also supposed to be a remedy for poisonous snake-bites and a specific against sorcery; it was fatal to mice, but preserved pigs from disease. The Libyan nomads made their huts of asphodel stalks.[citation needed]

Poetry[]

The asphodel is mentioned by several poets in connection with the mythology of death, and by association, the afterlife - specifically the Isles of the Blessed and Elysium - part of the ancient Greek concept of the afterlife.

  • Conrad Aiken: "Snowflake on asphodel—how clear, how bright / Snow's death on dying flower, yet both immortal"
  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning: "As one who stands in dewless asphodel, Looks backward on the tedious time he had In the upper life."
  • Florence Earle Coates: "beauty wove a magic spell/ For him, and early, at his need,/ Upon a bed of asphodel/ He found a tuneful reed" in poem "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow"
  • Leonard Cohen: "But in his lapel, discreetly, he wore a sprig of asphodel."
  • William Faulkner: "There asphodels are scattered through the night, Like ghosts of young beseeching hands." ONE WHO WAS LEFT LIVING, CHANSONS AU PRINTEMPS, handwritten with drawings, 1919, W. Faulkner, RFC
  • Allen Ginsberg: "An Asphodel"
  • Hesiod: "Children! They know not how much more the half is than the whole, nor how great is the profit in mallow and asphodel."[8]
  • Homer: "So I said and off he went, the ghost of the great runner, Aeacus’ grandson loping with long strides across the fields of asphodel, triumphant in all I had told him of his son, his gallant, glorious son."[9]
  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: "He, who wore the crown of asphodels, Descending, at my door began to knock."[10]
  • John Milton: "To embathe In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel."
  • Edgar Allan Poe: "and when, one by one, the white daisies shrank away, there sprang up in place of them, ten by ten of the ruby-red asphodel"
  • Alexander Pope: "Happy Souls who dwell In Yellow Meads of Asphodel, Or Amaranthine Bowers."
  • Ezra Pound, "Canto XXI": "Danced there Athame, danced, and there Phaethusa/ With colour in the vein,/ Strong as with blood drink, once,/ With colour in the vein/ Red in the smoke-faint throat. Dis caught her up./ And the old man went on there/ beating his mule with an asphodel."
  • Alfred Tennyson: "Others in Elysian valleys dwell, Resting weary limbs at last on beds of asphodel."
  • Orville E. Watson: "see a river like Kokosing, in meadows sweet with asphodel"
  • William Carlos Williams: "Asphodel, that greeny flower"
  • Marie Laforêt: "Je t'ai donné mes bouquets d'asphodèles
  • Oscar Wilde: "The heavy fields of scentless Asphodel, the loveless lips with which men kiss in hell"; "they sleep, they sleep, beneath the rocking trees where asphodel and yellow lotus twine"
  • Dani Filth: "When the Sun goes out our powers/ Will extend throughout Heaven like Asphodel"

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
  3. ^ Bailey, L.H. & E.Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
  4. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Asphodelus includes photos plus European distribution maps
  5. ^ "Greek Word Study Tool". Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  6. ^ Lifante, Z. Díaz (1996). "Pollen morphology ofAsphodelusL. (Asphodelaceae): Taxonomic and phylogenetic inferences at the infrageneric level". Grana. 35: 24–32. doi:10.1080/00173139609430497.
  7. ^ Roberts, Genevieve (2 March 2011). "Burrata: Britain's new Big cheese". The Independent. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  8. ^ Hes.Works and Days.40-41.
  9. ^ The Odyssey, translated by Robert Fagels
  10. ^ Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. ISBN 978-0199206872.

References[]

External links[]

Retrieved from ""