Astacidea

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Astacidea
Austropotamobius pallipes.jpg
Austropotamobius pallipes
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Astacidea
Latreille, 1802
Superfamilies

Astacidea is an infraorder of decapod crustaceans including lobsters (though not "lobsters" such as the spiny lobster etc.), crayfish, and their close relatives.

Description[]

The Astacidea are distinguished from most other decapods by the presence of chelae (claws) on each of the first three pairs of pereiopods (walking legs), the first of which is much larger than the remaining two pairs.[1] The last two pairs of pereiopods are simple (without claws), except in Thaumastocheles, where the fifth pereiopod may have "a minute pincer".[2]

Distribution[]

Members of the infraorder Astacidea are found throughout the world – both in the oceans and in fresh water – except for mainland Africa and parts of Asia.[3]

Classification[]

Astacidea belongs to the group Reptantia, which consists of the walking/crawling decapods (lobsters and crabs). Astacidea is the sister clade to the infraorder Polychelida, a small group of crustaceans restricted to deep waters. The cladogram below shows Astacidea's placement within the larger order Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.[4]

Decapoda
 

Dendrobranchiata (prawns) Litopenaeus setiferus.png

 
Pleocyemata
 
 

Stenopodidea (boxer shrimp) Spongicola venustus.png

 
 
 

Procarididea

 
 

Caridea (true shrimp) Macrobrachium sp.jpg

 
 
 
Reptantia (crawling/walking decapods)
 
 

Achelata (spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters) Panulirus argus.png

 
 
 

Polychelida

 
 

Astacidea (lobsters, crayfish) Lobster NSRW rotated2.jpg

 
 
 
 
 

Axiidea (mud shrimp, ghost shrimp, or burrowing shrimp)

 
 
 

Gebiidea

 
 
 

Anomura (hermit crabs and others) Coenobita variabilis.jpg

 
 

Brachyura (crabs) Charybdis japonica.jpg

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The infraorder Astacidea comprises five extant superfamilies, two of crayfish (Astacoidea and Parastacoidea), one of true lobsters (Nephropoidea), one of reef lobsters (the genus Enoplometopus), and a number of fossil taxa.[5] As of 2009, the group contains 782 recognised species, over 400 of which are in the crayfish family Cambaridae.[5] The members of the infraorder Glypheidea (containing numerous fossils and the two extant species Neoglyphea inopinata and Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica) were formerly included here.[1]

The cladogram below shows Astacidea's internal relationships and the early split between lobsters and crayfish:[4][6]

Astacidea
Nephropoidea

Nephropidae (clawed lobsters)

 
crayfish
Parastacoidea

Parastacidae

 
Astacoidea
 

Cambaroididae

 
 
 

Astacidae

 
 

Cambaridae

 
 
 
 
 

Taxonomy[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Gary Poore (2004). "Astacidea – scampi & crayfish". Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 159–167. ISBN 9780643099258.
  2. ^ Lipke Holthuis (1991). "Infraorder Astacidea Latreille, 1802". FAO species catalogue Vol. 13: Marine Lobsters of the World (PDF). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization. pp. 19–86. ISBN 92-5-103027-8.
  3. ^ J. K. Lowry (October 2, 1999). "Astacidea (Decapoda, Eucarida, Malacostraca)". Crustacea, the Higher Taxa. Australian Museum. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Wolfe, Joanna M.; Breinholt, Jesse W.; Crandall, Keith A.; Lemmon, Alan R.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Timm, Laura E.; Siddall, Mark E.; Bracken-Grissom, Heather D. (24 April 2019). "A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 286 (1901). doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0079. PMID 31014217.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Crandall, Keith A.; De Grave, Sammy (2017). "An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 37 (5). doi:10.1093/jcbiol/rux070.
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