Asyneuma

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Asyneuma
Asyneuma japonicum 1.JPG
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Subfamily:
Genus: Asyneuma
Griseb. & Schenk
Synonyms[1]
  • Tracanthelium Kit. ex Schur
  • Podanthum Boiss.
  • Trochocodon Candargy
  • Asyneumopsis Contandr., Quézel & Pamukç.

Asyneuma is a genus of flowering plants in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. They are native to North Africa and Eurasia.[2] Many are endemic to Turkey.[3][4] Plants of the genus may be known commonly as harebells, but this name can also apply to the entire family.[5] There are up to about 33 species.[2][6]

Characters used to identify Asyneuma species include a generally wheel-shaped (rotate) corolla with the petals fused at the bases and spreading outward into very narrow lobes, lacking or rudimentary appendages on the calyx, a stigma with 2 to 4 lobes, and an oblong or roughly spherical fruit capsule that breaks open via pores on the sides.[7] These characters are not always helpful in distinguishing Asyneuma from the closely related genus Campanula, because authors disagree on which character is more important: the extent to which the flower petals are joined versus the position of the pores on the fruit capsule. Molecular data has been required to determine the best genus in which to place certain species.[8]

Species include:

  1. (Willd.) Hand.-Mazz. - Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Caucasus
  2. (Janka) Bornm. - Balkans
  3. (Regel) Bornm. - Central Asia
  4. Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  5. (M.Bieb. ex Sims) Bornm. - Caucasus
  6. (Waldst. & Kit.) Griseb. & Schenk - Balkans, Ukraine
  7. D.Y.Hong - Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan
  8. Asyneuma compactum Damboldt - Turkey
  9. Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  10. Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  11. (Nábelek) Damboldt - Turkey, Iraq
  12. (Wall.) Briq. - Indian Subcontinent, Tibet, Myanmar
  13. (Boiss.) Bornm. - Greek Islands
  14. Yildiz & Kit Tan - Turkey
  15. Contandr., Quézel & Pamukç - Turkey
  16. (Miq.) Briq. - Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Russian Far East
  17. Parolly - Turkey
  18. (L.) Janch. - Balkans, Italy, Turkey
  19. (Boiss. & Heldr.) Bornm. - Turkey
  20. (Willd.) Hand.-Mazz. - Turkey, Caucasus
  21. (Boiss.) Bornm. - Turkey
  22. (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Bornm. - Iran
  23. (Boiss.) Damboldt - Turkey
  24. (A.DC.) Bornm. - Turkey, Iraq, Iran
  25. (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Bornm.- Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Caucasus
  26. P.H.Davis - Turkey
  27. (Willd.) Grossh. - Algeria, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Sinai, Syria
  28. (C.B.Clarke) Bornm. - western Himalayas
  29. (Boiss.) Bornm. - Turkey
  30. (Boiss.) Bornm. - Turkey
  31. (Labill.) Bornm. - Greek Islands, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Syria

References[]

  1. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ a b Asyneuma. Flora of China.
  3. ^ Alçitepe, E. (2008). Morphological, anatomical and palynological studies on Asyneuma michauxioides (Campanulaceae). Biologia 63(3), 338-42.
  4. ^ Tan, K. and B. Yildiz. (1988). New Asyneuma (Campanulaceae) taxa from Turkey. Willdenowia 18(1), 67-80.
  5. ^ Asyneuma. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  6. ^ Asyneuma. The Plant List.
  7. ^ Parolly, G. (2000). Notes on two neglected Turkish Asyneuma taxa (Campanulaceae).[permanent dead link] Willdenowia 30(1), 67-75.
  8. ^ Stefanovic, S. and D. Lakusic. (2009). Molecular reappraisal confirms that the Campanula trichocalycina-pichleri complex belongs to Asyneuma (Campanulaceae).[permanent dead link] Bot Serb 33, 21-31.
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