Audio interface

Two early rackmount audio interfaces

An audio interface is a piece of computer hardware that allows the input and output of audio signals to and from a host computer or recording device.

Audio interfaces are closely related to computer sound cards, but whereas sound cards are optimised for audio playback an audio interface is primarily intended to provide low-latency analog-to-digital and digital format conversion for professional audio applications. Furthermore audio interfaces are typically available as external units, often in a 19-inch rackmount format.

Professional audio interfaces often have industry-standard inputs, such as XLR and 1/4" audio jacks, in this case ADAT, TDIF, and S/PDIF

History[]

Standalone audio interfaces grew from the proprietary hard disk recording market of the 1980s and 1990s, but advances in processor power and hard drive speed meant that, by the mid-1990s, standard home computers were capable of recording multi-channel audio at 16-bit, 44khz compact disc standard.

Early systems such as Digidesign's Sound Tools (1989) and Session 8 (1993)^[1] and the Ensoniq PARIS (1998) consisted of an external unit that connected to the host computer with a ISA or SCSI card, but from the late 1990s onwards it became practical to use standard computer interfaces such as FireWire, USB, and eventually Thunderbolt instead.^[2]

Versus mixers[]

Although there is a degree of functional overlap, audio interfaces are differentiated from audio mixers in that they are intended to pass multi-channel audio directly to a host digital audio workstation, whereas mixers generally sum their inputs into a simple two-channel stereo pair. Audio interfaces are therefore often simple rackmount boxes, without faders, although as of 2020 some digital mixers provide multi-channel audio passthrough.^[3]

Manufacturers[]

See also[]

• Sound card
• Mixing console
• Hard disk recorder

References[]