Authorities referendum
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An authorities referendum (also known as an authorities plebiscite, government initiated referendum[1], or top-down referendum[2]) is when a government authority is the author or originator of a referendum.[3][4] It may originate from the legislative branch, executive branch, or a combination of the two.[1] An instrument of direct democracy, it is in contrast to citizens (or "bottom-up") referendum that is initiated from the public.[2][5]
Executive initiated[]
An executive authority of some locations (such as a mayor, governor, or president) may have the ability to call a referendum. The most common is a form of the veto, where the executive may put a law passed by the legislature to a referendum.[citation needed]
Legislative initiated[]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Breuer, Anita (2009). "The Use of Government-Initiated referendums in Latin America. Toward a Theory of Referendum Causes" (PDF). Revista de Ciencia Política. 29: 26.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Cheneval, Francis; el-Wakil, Alice (2018). "The Institutional Design of Referendums: Bottom-Up and Binding". Swiss Political Science Review. 24 (3): 294–304. doi:10.1111/spsr.12319. ISSN 1662-6370.
- ^ "Plebiscite - Navigator". www.direct-democracy-navigator.org. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ^ Kaufmann, B., Büchi, R., & Braun, N. (Eds.). (2007). Guidebook to direct democracy: In Switzerland and beyond (2008 ed.). pp. 193–4. Bern: Benteli Hallwag Druck AG.
- ^ "Typology - Navigator". www.direct-democracy-navigator.org. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
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- Direct democracy