Babe Ruth's called shot

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Babe Ruth's called shot was a much-debated moment in baseball history, the home run hit by Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees in the fifth inning of Game 3 of the 1932 World Series, held on October 1, 1932, at Wrigley Field in Chicago. During the at-bat, Ruth made a pointing gesture which existing film confirms, but whether he was promising a home run, or gesturing at fans or the other team, remains in dispute.

There is no dispute over the general events of the moment. All the reports say that the Chicago Cubs' "bench jockeys" were riding Ruth mercilessly and that Ruth, rather than ignoring them, was "playing" with them through words and gestures.

The longtime debate is over the nature of one of Ruth's gestures. It is unclear if he pointed to the center field, to the pitcher (Charlie Root) or to the Cubs bench. Even the films of the at-bat (by amateur filmmaker Matt Miller Kandle, Sr.) that emerged during the 1990s have not provided anything conclusive.

With the score tied 4-4 in the fifth inning of game three, he took strike one from Root. As the Cubs players heckled Ruth and the fans hurled insults, Ruth held up his hand pointing at either Root, the Cubs dugout or center field. He then repeated this gesture after taking strike two.

Root's next pitch was a curveball that Ruth hit at least 440 feet to the deepest part of the center-field near the flag pole (some estimates are as much as 490 feet). The ground distance to the center-field corner, somewhat right of straightaway center was 440 feet. The ball landed a little bit to the right of the 440 corners and farther back, apparently in the temporary seating in Sheffield Avenue behind the permanent interior bleacher seats. Calling the game over the radio, broadcaster Tom Manning shouted, "The ball is going, going, going, high into the center-field stands...and it is a home run!" Ruth himself later described the hit as "past the flagpole" which stood behind the scoreboard and the 440 corners. Ruth's powerful hit was aided by a strong carrying wind that day.[1]

Newsreel footage (available in MLB's 100 Years of the World Series) shows that Ruth was crowding the plate and nearly stepped forward out of the batter's box, inches away from the risk of being called out (Rule 6.06a). The film also shows that as he rounded first base, Ruth looked toward the Cubs dugout and made a waving-off gesture with his left hand; then as he approached third, he made another mocking gesture, a two-armed "push" motion, toward the suddenly quiet Cubs bench. Many reports[2] have claimed that Ruth "thumbed his nose" at the Cubs dugout, but the existing newsreel footage does not show that. (If it occurred, it might have been considered vulgar and could have been edited out.) Attending the game was Franklin D. Roosevelt,[3] soon-to-be-elected 32nd president of the United States, as well as future Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court John Paul Stevens (at the time a twelve-year-old boy).[4] FDR reportedly had a laugh as he watched Ruth round the bases.[5] When he crossed home plate, Ruth could no longer hide his smile, and he was patted by his exuberant teammates when he reached the Yankees dugout.[6]

Root was left in the game, but for only one pitch, which Lou Gehrig drilled into the right-field seats for his second home run of the day. The Yankees won the game 7–5 and the next day they finished off the demoralized Cubs 13–6, completing a four game sweep of the World Series.

Origins of the called-shot story[]

Ruth's second home run in Game 3 of the 1932 World Series may have been a mere footnote in history had it not been for reporter Joe Williams, a respected but opinionated sports editor for the Scripps-Howard newspapers. In a late edition the same day of the game, Williams wrote this headline that appeared in the New York World-Telegram, evoking billiards terminology: "RUTH CALLS SHOT AS HE PUTS HOME RUN NO. 2 IN SIDE POCKET."[7] Williams' summary of the story read: "In the fifth, with the Cubs riding him unmercifully from the bench, Ruth pointed to center and punched a screaming liner to a spot where no ball had been hit before." Williams' article is believed to have been the only one written on the day of the game that referred to Ruth's act of pointing to center field. The wide circulation of the Scripps-Howard newspapers most likely gave the story life, as many read Williams' article and assumed that it was accurate. Several days later, other stories appeared stating that Ruth had called his shot, a few even written by reporters who were not at the game. The story was likely to meet with acceptance among the public, who were aware of Ruth's many larger-than-life achievements and his well-publicized fulfilled promise to sick child Johnny Sylvester that he would hit a home run.

At the time, Ruth did not clarify the matter, initially stating that he was merely pointing toward the Cubs' dugout to remind them that he still had one more strike. At one point very early on, he said, "It's in the papers, isn't it?" In an interview with Chicago sports reporter John Carmichael, Ruth said that he had not pointed to any particular spot, but that he just wanted to give the ball a good ride. Soon, however, the media-savvy Ruth was going along with the story that he had called his shot, and his subsequent versions over the years became more dramatic. "In the years to come, Ruth publicly claimed that he did, indeed, point to where he planned to send the pitch."[8] For one newsreel, Ruth voiced over the called shot scene with the remarks, "Well, I looked out at center field and I pointed. I said, 'I'm gonna hit the next pitched ball right past the flagpole!' Well, the good Lord must have been with me." In his 1948 autobiography, Ruth provided another enhanced version by stating that he had told his wife "I'll belt one where it hurts them the most" and that the idea of calling his own shot then came to him.[9] Ruth then recounts the at-bat:

No member of either team was sorer than I was. I had seen nothing my first time at bat that came close to looking good to me, and that only made me more determined to do something about taking the wind out of the sails of the Chicago players and their fans. I mean the fans who had spit on Claire [Ruth's wife].

I came up in the fourth inning [sic] with Earle Combs on base ahead of me. My ears had been blistered so much before in my baseball career that I thought they had lost all feeling. But the blast that was turned on me by Cub players and some of the fans penetrated and cut deep. Some of the fans started throwing vegetables and fruit at me.

I stepped back out of the box, then stepped in. And while Root was getting ready to throw his first pitch, I pointed to the bleachers which rise out of deep center field. Root threw one right across the gut of the plate and I let it go. But before the umpire could call it a strike - which it was - I raised my right hand, stuck out one finger and yelled, "Strike one!"

The razzing was stepped up a notch.

Root got set and threw again - another hard one through the middle. And once again I stepped back and held up my right hand and bawled, "Strike two!" It was.

You should have heard those fans then. As for the Cub players they came out on the steps of their dugout and really let me have it.

I guess the smart thing for Charlie to have done on his third pitch would have been to waste one.

But he didn't, and for that I've sometimes thanked God.

While he was making up his mind to pitch to me I stepped back again and pointed my finger at those bleachers, which only caused the mob to howl that much more at me.

Root threw me a fast ball. If I had let it go, it would have been called a strike. But this was it. I swung from the ground with everything I had and as I hit the ball every muscle in my system, every sense I had, told me that I had never hit a better one, that as long as I lived nothing would ever feel as good as this.

I didn't have to look. But I did. That ball just went on and on and on and hit far up in the center-field bleachers in exactly the spot I had pointed to.

To me, it was the funniest, proudest moment I had ever had in baseball. I jogged down toward first base, rounded it, looked back at the Cub bench and suddenly got convulsed with laughter.

You should have seen those Cubs. As Combs said later, "There they were-all out on the top step and yelling their brains out - and then you connected and they watched it and then fell back as if they were being machine-gunned."

That home run-the most famous one I ever hit - did us some good. It was worth two runs, and we won that ball game, 7 to 5.[10]

Ruth explained that he was upset about the Cubs' insults during the series, and that he was especially upset that Chicago fans had spat upon his wife Claire.[11] Ruth not only said that he had deliberately pointed to center with two strikes, he said that he had pointed to center even before Root's first pitch.[12]

Others helped perpetuate the story over the years. Tom Meany, who worked for Joe Williams at the time of the called shot, later wrote a popular but often embellished 1947 biography of Ruth. In the book, Meany wrote, "He pointed to center field. Some say it was merely as a gesture towards Root, others that he was just letting the Cubs bench know that he still had one big one left. Ruth himself has changed his version a couple of times... Whatever the intent of the gesture, the result was, as they say in Hollywood, slightly colossal."[13]

Despite writing the article that may have began the legend, over the ensuing years, Williams came to doubt the veracity of Ruth's called shot.

Another story from baseball folklore tells that Ruth's attitude toward the Cubs was rooted in his anger that his ex-Yankee teammate Mark Koenig, now with the Cubs, was denied a full World Series share.

Nonetheless, the called shot further became etched as truth into the minds of thousands of people after the 1948 film The Babe Ruth Story, which starred William Bendix as Ruth. The film took its material from Ruth's autobiography, and hence did not question the veracity of the called shot. Two separate biographical films made in the 1990s also repeated this gesture in an unambiguous way, coupled with Ruth hitting the ball over the famous ivy-covered wall, which did not actually exist at Wrigley Field until five years later.

Eyewitness accounts[]

Eyewitness accounts were equally inconclusive and widely varied, with some of the opinions possibly skewed by partisanship.

  • "Don't let anybody tell you differently. Babe definitely pointed." — Cubs public-address announcer Pat Pieper (As public-address announcer Pieper sat next to the wall separating the field from the stands, between home plate and third base. In 1966 he spoke with the Chicago Tribune "In the Wake of the News" sports columnist David Condon: "Pat remembers sitting on the third base side and hearing [Cubs' pitcher] Guy Bush chide Ruth, who had taken two strikes. According to Pat, Ruth told Bush: 'That's strike two, all right. But watch this.' 'Then Ruth pointed to center field, and hit his homer,' Pat continued. 'You bet your life Babe Ruth called it.'")[14]
  • "My dad took me to see the World Series, and we were sitting behind third base, not too far back.... Ruth did point to the center-field scoreboard. And he did hit the ball out of the park after he pointed with his bat. So it really happened," stated former Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, United States Supreme Court.[15]
  • "What do you think of the nerve of that big monkey. Imagine the guy calling his shot and getting away with it." – Lou Gehrig[16]
  • The Commissioner of Baseball, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, attended the game with his young nephew, and both had a clear view of the action at home plate. Landis himself never commented on whether he believed Ruth called the shot, but his nephew believes that Ruth did not call it.
  • Shirley Povich, The Washington Post columnist, interviewed Hall-of-Fame catcher Bill Dickey. "Ruth was just mad about that quick pitch, Dickey explained. He was pointing at Root, not at the centerfield stands. He called him a couple of names and said, "Don't do that to me anymore, you blankety-blank."[17]
  • Ray Kelly, Ruth's guest for the game, said, "He absolutely did it ... I was right there. Never in doubt."[18]
  • Erle V. Painter, the Yankees athletic trainer at the time, shared his recollection of the shot with the Baseball Hall of Fame. He stated, "Ruth made a three-quarter turn to the stands and held up one finger. It was plain he was signifying one strike didn't mean he was out. Root put over another strike and the Babe repeated the pantomime, holding up two fingers this time. Then, before taking his stance, he swept his left arm full length and pointed to the centerfield fence."[19]

The called shot particularly irked Root. He had a fine career, winning over 200 games, but he would be forever remembered as the pitcher who gave up the "called shot", much to his annoyance.[20] When he was asked to play himself in the 1948 film The Babe Ruth Story, Root turned it down when he learned that Ruth's pointing to center field would be in the film. Said Root, "Ruth did not point at the fence before he swung. If he had made a gesture like that, well, anybody who knows me knows that Ruth would have ended up on his ass [via a brushback pitch]. The legend didn't get started until later." Root's teammate, catcher Gabby Hartnett, also denied that Ruth called the shot. On the other hand, according to baseball historian and author Michael Bryson, it is noted that at that point in the game, Ruth pointed toward the outfield to draw attention to a loose board that was swinging free. Some people may have misinterpreted this as a "called shot", but Cubs personnel knew exactly what he was pointing to, and hammered the board back into place.[21]

In 1942, during the making of The Pride of the Yankees, Babe Herman (who was at that time a teammate of Root with the minor league Hollywood Stars) was on the movie set as a double for both Ruth (who played himself in most scenes) and Gary Cooper (who played Lou Gehrig). Herman re-introduced Root and Ruth on set and the following exchange (later recounted by Herman to baseball historian Donald Honig) took place:

  • Root: "You never pointed out to center field before you hit that ball off me, did you?"
  • Ruth: "I know I didn't, but it made a hell of a story, didn't it?"

Root went to his grave vehemently denying that Ruth ever pointed to center field.

Rediscovered 16-mm films[]

A still of Ruth pointing during the at-bat. Root's back is turned to Ruth at that moment.

In the 1970s, a 16-mm home movie of the called shot surfaced, and some believed that it might put an end to the decades-old controversy. The film was shot by an amateur filmmaker named Matt Miller Kandle, Sr. Only family and friends had seen the film until the late 1980s. Two frames from the film were published in the 1988 book Babe Ruth: A Life in Pictures by Lawrence S. Ritter and Mark Rucker on p. 206. The film was broadcast on a February 1994 Fox television program called Front Page.[22] Later in 1994, still images from the film appeared in filmmaker Ken Burns' documentary film Baseball.

The film was shot from the grandstands behind home plate, off to the third base side. One can clearly see Ruth's gesture, although it is hard to determine the angle by which he is pointing. Some contend that Ruth's extended arm is pointing more to the left-field direction, toward the Cubs bench, which would be consistent with his continued gesturing toward the bench while rounding the bases after the home run. Others[who?] who have studied the film closely assert that in addition to the broader gestures, Ruth did quickly point his finger in the direction of Cubs pitcher Charlie Root or toward center field just as Root was winding up.

In 1999, another 16-mm film of the called shot appeared. This film was shot by inventor Harold Warp during the only major league baseball game that he ever attended. The rights to his footage were sold to ESPN, which aired it as part of the network's SportsCentury program in 2000. Warp's film has not been as widely seen by the public as has Kandle's film, but many of those who have seen it feel that it shows that Ruth did not call his shot. The film shows the action much more clearly than does the Kandle film, showing Ruth visibly shouting something either at Root or at the Cubs dugout while pointing.

The authors of the book Yankees Century believe that the Warp film proves conclusively that the home run was not a "called shot." However, Leigh Montville's 2006 book The Big Bam asserts that neither film answers the question definitively.

Legacy and cultural references[]

The Baby Ruth sign outside Wrigley Field, as seen during the 1935 World Series, three years after the "Called Shot." Note the 440-foot marker in the center field corner. Ruth's hit went to the right of it and farther back.

Shortly after the called shot, the Chicago-based Curtiss Candy Company installed a large sign advertising its Baby Ruth candy bar on the rooftop on an apartment building on Sheffield Avenue, just across the street from where Ruth's home run had landed. The sign remained until the 1970s.

In the 1948 biographical film The Babe Ruth Story, Ruth delivers on a promise that he had made to a young cancer patient that he would hit a home run. Ruth fulfills the promise and the child is subsequently cured.

In an early scene in the 1984 film The Natural, a Ruth-like player called "the Whammer" points his bat menacingly toward and past Roy Hobbs, declaring his own "called shot." However, Hobbs strikes the Whammer out on three pitches.

Major league slugger Jim Thome used a similar bat-pointing gesture as part of his normal preparation for an at-bat.

In climax of the 1989 film Major League depicts Indians catcher Jake Taylor pointing toward the outfield, clearly making a reference to Ruth's called shot. However, Taylor bunts the next pitch in a squeeze play that scores the winning run from second base.

In the 1992 The Simpsons episode "Homer at the Bat," Homer Simpson points to the stands while at bat in a softball game. When he hits the ball to the opposite side, he points to that side and pretends that he had meant to hit it there. In the 1999 episode "Wild Barts Can't Be Broken," Ruth's "illegitimate great-grandson" Babe Ruth IV is a hitter for the Springfield Isotopes. While at bat, he points toward the right-field bleachers at Duff Stadium, looking at a "dying little boy" (shown to be Bart, who was healthy).

The 1992 film The Babe features a fictional depiction of the called shot.

In the 1993 film The Sandlot, the characters are fans of Ruth and imitate the called shot.

In the 2000 novel Babe & Me by Dan Gutman, a boy travels back in time to prove that the shot was called.

In George Carlin's 2001 book Napalm and Silly Putty, he writes: "Contrary to popular belief, Babe Ruth did not call his famous home run shot. He was actually giving the finger to a hot dog vendor who had cheated him out of twelve cents."

In a mid-2000s commercial, Ruth points to center field because he spots a vendor selling Bud Light there.

In 2005, the jersey that Ruth was wearing during the game was sold for US$1,056,630 at auction.[23]

The 2006 animated film Everyone's Hero takes place during the 1932 World Series and Ruth and his bat are central characters.

In the 2006 movie The Benchwarmers, Richie points his hand toward center field, resembling Ruth's called shot, and then hits the ball in the direction in which he is pointing.

In the 2007 video game Team Fortress 2, the baseball fanatic Scout points at the sky in the distance and then hits an opponent with his baseball bat, landing an instant kill on anyone caught by it.

At WrestleMania 35, a vignette of the famous home run was played before John Cena reprised his "Doctor of Thuganomics" gimmick, interrupting Elias.

References[]

  1. ^ Montville, Leigh (2006). The Big Bam: the life and times of Babe Ruth. Doubleday. p. 502. ISBN 0-385-51437-9.
  2. ^ "Is This The Ball?". Baberuthbaseball.com. 1932-10-01. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  3. ^ "The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search".
  4. ^ Toobin, Jeffrey (March 22, 2010). "After Stevens". The New Yorker. p. 41.
  5. ^ "Sports Moment | American History Lives at American Heritage". Americanheritage.com. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  6. ^ "FindArticles.com | CBSi".
  7. ^ KARL VOGEL Lincoln Journal, Star. "Minden family's film shows Babe Ruth's "called shot' homer." Lincoln Journal Star (NE) 24 Dec. 1999: NewsBank - Archives. Web. 23 Feb. 2016.
  8. ^ Chris Harry, Sentinel Staff Writer. "ON HIS HONOR; Justice John Paul Stevens witnessed Babe Ruth's historic 'called' shot." Orlando Sentinel, The (FL) 30 Sept. 2007: NewsBank. Web. 17 Feb. 2016.
  9. ^ Ruth, Babe; Considine, Bob (1948). The Babe Ruth Story: As Told to Bob Considine. E.P. Dutton. p. 191.
  10. ^ Ruth, Babe; Considine, Bob (1948). The Babe Ruth Story: As Told to Bob Considine. E.P. Dutton. pp. 193–194.
  11. ^ "Daily News America – Breaking national news, video, and photos – Homepage – NY Daily News". Articles.nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  12. ^ "Ruth's Called Shot Among Greatest World Series Homers – 500 Home Run Club – The Most Inspiring Sluggers in Baseball History". 500hrc.com. 2006-09-30. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  13. ^ Meany, Tom (1947). Babe Ruth: The Rollicking Life Story of Baseball's Big Fellow. A.S. Barnes.
  14. ^ Condon, David (February 17, 1966). "In the Wake of the News". Chicago Tribune. p. 11.
  15. ^ "After Stevens". The New Yorker. March 22, 2010. p. 41.
  16. ^ "Lou Gehrig Quotes". Baseball-Almanac.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
  17. ^ Povich, Shirley (1969). All These Mornings. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall.
  18. ^ "Ray Kelly, 83, Babe Ruth's Little Pal, Dies". The New York Times. November 14, 2001. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  19. ^ Atkin, Ross (10 April 1980). "BASEBALL Ruth lore: fact or fiction?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  20. ^ Snell, Roger. Root for the Cubs. Archived from the original on 2009-06-18. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
  21. ^ The Twenty-Four Inch Home Run
  22. ^ Front Page TV Show https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E99eUE9b4GY [unavailable on request of the Kandle family]
  23. ^ "eMuseum of Great Uniforms & Memorabilia". Grey Flannel Auctions Blog. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

Bibliography[]

  • Creamer, Robert W. (1974). Babe: The Legend Comes to Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-21770-4.
  • Honig, Donald (1985). Baseball America: The Heroes of the Game and the Times of Their Glory. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-025-53580-3.
  • Sherman, Ed (2014). Babe Ruth's Called Shot: The Myth and Mystery of Baseball's Greatest Home Run. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. ISBN 978-0-762-78539-1.
  • Snell, Roger (2009). Root for the Cubs: Charlie Root & the 1929 Chicago Cubs. Nicholasville, KY: Wind Publications. ISBN 978-1-893-23995-1.
  • Stout, Glenn (2002). Yankees Century: 100 Years of New York Yankees Baseball. New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-08527-0.

External links[]

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