Balmain Tigers

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Balmain Tigers
Balmain Tigers.png
Club information
Full nameBalmain Tigers Rugby League Football Club Ltd
Nickname(s)Tigers
Colours  Gold
  Black
Founded23 January 1908 (foundation club)
Exited1999 (started joint venture in 2000 with Western Suburbs Magpies to form Wests Tigers)
Former details
CompetitionNSWRL, ARL, NRL
199915th of 17
Records
Premierships11 – 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1939, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1969
Runners-up9 – 1909, 1936, 1945, 1948, 1956, 1964, 1966, 1988, 1989
Minor premiership7 – 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1939
Wooden spoons4 – 1911, 1974, 1981, 1994

The Balmain Tigers (also known as the Sydney Tigers from 1995–96) are a rugby league club based in the inner-western Sydney suburb of Balmain. They were a founding member of the New South Wales Rugby League and one of the most successful in the history of the premiership, with eleven titles. In 1999 they formed a joint venture club with the Western Suburbs Magpies club to form the Wests Tigers for competition in the National Rugby League (NRL). They no longer field any senior teams in the lower divisions. At the time of the joint venture only South Sydney Rabbitohs and the St George Dragons had won more titles than the Tigers.

The club's home grounds are at present Leichhardt Oval, in Lilyfield, and T.G Milner Sportsground, in Marsfield.

History[]

Foundation club[]

In 1908 Australia's first season of rugby league began in Sydney and the Balmain club were one of nine foundation clubs. One of the club's founders was future Premier of New South Wales, John Storey.[1] Their home ground was Birchgrove Park. Balmain reached their first Grand Final in only the second year in the competition against the previous year's champions, South Sydney, but would protest as the match was scheduled as a warm-up for a Kangaroos vs. Wallabies game at Souths' home ground.[2] Even though both teams agreed to boycott the match, Souths turned up and were officially awarded the Premiership when they kicked off to an empty half of the field.

The distinctive black and gold colours of their 1908 thin striped jerseys lead their fans to quickly nickname them "The Tigers". Though it is claimed they were also known as "The Watersiders" in the early days, this appears a moniker that was used by newspaper journalists rather than Balmain supporters and fans. It seemed to be used to refer not only to most Balmain sporting teams (Lacrosse, Rugby Union, Cricket etc.), but also to Balmain residents in general. The following boxing quote is a good example,taken from "Sydney Sportsman" 11 Dec,1901. "On Xmas Eve, Cam Brookes and Ike Stewart, heavyweights, meet at the Golden Gate, Brookes is another Balmain boy, and the watersiders are sure to follow him to town in shoals." As late as the 1930s some journalists were still using both "Tigers" and "Watersiders" in the same article. One of the earliest newspaper references to Balmain & Tigers appears in "The Arrow" 12 August 1911. The journalist "Gulliver" in his "Football Notes" column reports; "W.G.B. (Balmain) writes: "Who said Balmain weren't rough? Here is an essay on "The Tiger" written by an eight year old boy at one of the local schools.:- The tiger has large padded feet so that he can steal softly upon his prey...The tiger is like the Balmain footballers, because he has black and yellow stripes. He is very wild, but not so wild as the Balmain footballers."

After a string of poor years, the Tigers managed a strong turn-around to become a dominant force in the Australian Rugby League with the club's first, second and third Premierships coming in successive years dominating the 1915, 1916 and 1917 seasons. Tigers dominance continued winning the 1919 and 1920 seasons comfortably. When they won the 1924 premiership this would be the last success for Balmain for over a decade to come.

Golden era[]

Balmain Premiers 1939 – Captain Sid Goodwin, Coach Bill Kelly

It would not be until 1939 the Tigers won back the Premiership smashing Souths 33-4. The weekend of the Final will also be remembered for the invasion of Poland by Germany which led to England and Australia going to War.

Post-World War II marked a golden era for Balmain with the Tigers reaching five consecutive Grand Finals winning three of them. In the 1944 Grand Final, the Tigers beat the strong favourites Newtown 19-16. Balmain reached the Grand Final again in 1945 but fell at the last hurdle against Easts 22-18. The loss was not long remembered as the Tigers went on to take out the next two seasons, beating St George 13-12 in 1946, and Canterbury 13-9 in 1947. On the hunt for a third successive title, they lost to Wests in 1948.

1960s–1970s[]

The Tigers would appear in several Grand Final matches throughout the 1950s and 1960s but were just another victim to the mighty St. George Dragons eleven-year streak of Premiership wins in this period, losing in 1956, 1964 and 1966. When the Tigers did take out the competition in the 1969 NSWRFL season it was a classy 11–2 defeat of favourites Souths who boasted 11 internationals, this would signal the last time Balmain would ever win a Grand Final. The side was captained by Peter Provan, brother of Norm, and coached by Leo Nosworthy.

The 1970s were not a great era for the Tigers. The wooden spoon had not been in Balmain since 1911, but it returned in club history when the Tigers won only 4 games and had 2 draws in 1974 following several poor years. That period between 1911 and 1974 remains the longest wooden spoon drought for any team. In 1976 things looked more hopeful when Balmain began the year with an undefeated run through the pre-season "Wills Cup" competition. The side also won the 1976 Amco Cup knockout tournament in front of a then-record crowd of 21,600, beating North Sydney. The Tigers won eight straight games and led the competition, but a midseason slump left the Tigers in the same position as in 1975 and they failed to make the finals.

1980s–1990s[]

The Tigers consistently made the finals series in the 1980s reaching the play-offs in 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 and 1989.

On 4 August 1985 a crowd of 21,707 set a new ground record for Leichhardt Oval.[3]

In 1986, one of Balmain's players, Great Britain captain Garry Schofield topped the try-scorers list for the season. The 1988 Great Britain Lions tour captain Ellery Hanley was signed by the Balmain Tigers to play the remaining rounds of the 1988 NSWRFL season for them once his representative commitments were fulfilled.[4] The Tigers reached the 1988 Grand Final, the first time since the 1969 success, winning a lot of fans along the way with a number of 'backs to the wall' performances winning four consecutive sudden death matches in just 3 weeks. The top five teams out of the premiership table went on to the final series, and this was the first time since 1979 that a team in fifth position had progressed to the Grand Final. In 1988 the Tigers were deemed certain to miss the finals with 8 games left in the regular season. The Tigers remarkably only lost a single game from that point onwards reaching the Grand Final against Canterbury, only to be denied the trophy in a controversial 24–12 loss. Canterbury player, Terry Lamb, is still remembered by fans for knocking out the legendary Ellery Hanley with a high shot in back play midway through the first half. The Tigers were leading the game at the time.

The side would again make the Grand Final in 1989 but this time as favourites. The '89 Final is regarded by many as one of the best in the history of Rugby League. In a controversial affair, the side lost in extra time against the Canberra Raiders after being ahead 12–2 at half time.

After the heartbreak of the 1989 Grand Final, the Tigers never regained their dominating form (although they did make the finals again in 1990) and went through a rebuilding phase following the retirement of star players Wayne Pearce, Garry Jack, Steve Roach and David Brooks who had all played over 100 games for the club over a period of 10 years or more. The stars were missed as Balmain finished second-last in 1993 and got the wooden spoon in 1994.

The departure of coach Warren Ryan at the end of 1990 was a key turning point for the club. Balmain hired the famous former Wallabies coach-come-radio announcer Alan Jones as a coach in 1991. As Paul Sironen admitted years later in his autobiography, the 'running rugby' style of Jones was too simplistic for the structured defensive patterns which had developed in rugby league during the 1980s. Jones also began a controversial clear-out of some of the other Tigers stars who had not retired, notably the Kiwi international Gary Freeman, and often replaced them with inexperienced juniors who were not yet really ready for first-grade football. By the time Jones was sacked as coach at the end of 1993, incoming coach Wayne Pearce inherited a massive problem which was only getting worse.

In drastic action, Balmain released 31 players at the end of 1994 and moved to Parramatta Stadium as the 'Sydney Tigers'. The Tigers stayed at Parramatta Stadium for 2 seasons before heading back to Leichhardt Oval. The Tigers only averaged 6,565 people attending home games at Parramatta Stadium in what was regarded as a failed experiment.

At the end of the 1996 ARL season the League's chief executive John Quayle resigned and was replaced by Balmain president (and former hooker) Neil Whittaker.[5]

Joint Venture[]

Although things picked up for the club in following years, the Australian Rugby League/Super League war would spell trouble for the club. 1999 was a tumultuous year for the Balmain Tigers. The season began with a dark cloud hanging over the 17 clubs. The Super League/ARL compromise had left 1999 as the last season before the 14 team NRL competition began and with it came the much talked about criteria. On-field Balmain was struggling with a savage injury toll that forced the Tigers to use over 40 players throughout the season.

In July 1999, the option of forming a joint venture with fellow foundation club, the Western Suburbs Magpies was put to the Football Club members. The members ultimately voted in favour of a joint venture. As it turned out Balmain was in the top 14 clubs under the criteria (ahead of current NRL teams Penrith and South Sydney) but would have continued to struggle to be financially competitive with bigger clubs. The decision to enter a joint venture saw a crowd of 15,240 turn-out in atrocious conditions to watch the Tigers play their last home game in first grade at Leichhardt Oval as the Balmain Tigers.

Balmain's final game in the top grade as a sole entity was in Round 26 1999 against the Canberra Raiders at Bruce Stadium which ended in a 42–14 defeat. At the time of the club's exit, Balmain were the third most successful club in the competition's history with eleven premierships. Only St. George and South Sydney had won more premierships.[6]

The new entity, Wests Tigers, made it to the 2005 NRL Grand Final and defeated the North Queensland Cowboys 30-16.

Club today[]

The club currently competes in both of the junior New South Wales Rugby League competitions, the Harold Matthews Cup and S. G. Ball Cup competitions, recording consecutive SG Ball premierships in 2012–13. From 2000, they played in the NSW Cup as a merged team with the Ryde-Eastwood Hawks and competed as the Balmain Ryde-Eastwood Tigers. From season 2013 onwards, Balmain does not have a senior representative side, having formed a joint venture with the Western Suburbs Magpies to form a Wests Tigers team.

In October 2018, it was reported that the Balmain Leagues Club was placed into voluntary administration placing the future of the Balmain side at risk. It was also revealed that Balmain was required to pay a $2.5 million loan to the NRL by November 2021. The report followed on from the news that for over 10 years the leagues club at Rozelle had sat dormant as different shareholders and developers struggled to negotiate deals on what to do with the land. Both the Harold Matthews Cup and S. G. Ball Cup Balmain sides who still compete were reportedly not to be in any danger in the short term future.[7][8][9]

On 21 March 2019, it was revealed that Wests Ashfield accepted responsibility for the Balmain club's outstanding loan to the NRL. Inner West Mayor Darcy Byrne said of the news "The Tigers were about to become extinct, but the club can now continue as a rugby league entity and to be a partner in Wests Tigers for many decades to come".[10]

On 24th August 2019 a Deed of Amalgamation was issued between Wests Ashfield and Balmain Tigers. Under the deed, Ashfield will clear all outstanding debts to the NRL, will continue to fund Balmain Tigers Rugby League for a number of years and will pursue all avenues to re-open a venue on the Rozelle Premises.

Balmain Tigers League's Club[]

A foundation club of the NSWRFL, Balmain Tigers Rugby League Football Club was established on 23 January 1908 at . The club has competed in the NSWRL competitions for 110 years, winning 11 first grade premierships.

Also operating a club known as Balmain Leagues Club, the operating business was built in 1957. The original site was situated on the corner of Victoria Road and Darling Street, Rozelle. The club was the venue for a celebration party after Wests Tigers won the NRL Premiership in 2005.

The Leagues Club closed its doors on 28 March 2010, with the former club site now vacant after receiving a notice to vacate the site to make way for the proposed Rozelle Village development to go ahead.

Balmain Leagues Club entered voluntary administration on 26 October 2018.[11]

In September 2019 members of both Balmain Leagues Club and Wests Ashfield Leagues club voted almost unanimously for an amalgamation to take place. Once ratified by office of Liquor and Gaming, Balmain Leagues Club will cease to exist.[12][13][14]

Coaching register[]

Pony Halloway player and coach.
No. Name Years G W D L % Finals Premierships Runners-up Minor Premierships Wooden spoons
1 Robert Graves 1908–1913 76 33 2 41 43% 1909 1909 1911
2 Bill Kelly 1914–1915, 1938–1943 120 73 11 35 61% 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943 1915, 1939 1915, 1939,
3 Arthur Halloway 1916–1920 75 57 3 15 76% 1916 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920
4 Charles Fraser 1921–1924 & 1932 79 45 7 27 57% 1924, 1932 1924 1924
5 Alf Fraser 1925–1929 74 28 4 42 38%
6 Reg Latta 1929, 1931 30 11 1 18 37%
7 Norm Robinson 1930, 1944–1947, 1954–1956 143 84 9 50 59% 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1956 1944, 1946, 1947 1945, 1956
8 Cec Fifield 1930 14 5 2 7 36%
9 George Robinson 1933–1934 28 9 3 16 32%
10 Joe Busch 1935–1936 31 18 1 12 58% 1936 1936
11 1937 8 4 0 4 50%
12 Athol Smith 1948–1950 60 37 6 17 62% 1948, 1949, 1950 1948
13 Jim Duckworth 1951 18 6 0 12 33%
14 Arthur Patton 1952–1953 36 15 0 21 42%
15 Sid Ryan 1957 18 9 0 9 50%
16 1958–1960 59 29 1 29 49% 1958, 1960
17 Harry Bath 1961–1966 117 65 3 49 56% 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966 1964, 1966
18 Keith Barnes 1967–1968 46 28 2 16 61%
19 Leo Nosworthy 1969–1973 113 55 2 56 49% 1969 1969
20 Alan Mason 1974 22 4 2 16 18% 1974
21 Paul Broughton 1975–1976 45 22 2 21 49% 1975
22 Ron Willey 1977–1979 68 35 4 29 52% 1977
23 Dennis Tutty 1980 22 7 0 15 32%
24 Frank Stanton 1981–1986 152 78 2 72 51% 1983, 1985, 1986 1981
25 1987 25 14 1 10 56% 1987
26 Warren Ryan 1988–1990 76 50 1 25 66% 1988, 1989, 1990 1988, 1989
27 Alan Jones 1991–1993 66 24 3 39 36%
28 Wayne Pearce 1994–1999 136 49 1 86 36% 1994

Players of note[]

In May 2003 the Balmain Tigers Team of the Century was named:[15]

2005 the members of the Team of the Century became the inaugural inductees to the Balmain Tigers Hall of Fame. In addition to those inductees, a further five were inducted at the inaugural Hall of Fame dinner on 17 March 2005. These were:

A further five were inducted at the Hall of Fame dinner on 29 March 2006. These were:

A further five were inducted at the Hall of Fame dinner on 20 March 2007. These were:

A further six were inducted at the Hall of Fame dinner in 2008. These were:

A further four were inducted in 2009:[16]

Stadiums[]

The Tigers have had several 'Home game grounds' used in the club's history. The club spent a majority of the early days at Birchgrove Oval (1908 – 1933, and in 1942), with short stints at Wentworth Park (1930) and at Drummoyne Oval (1932–1933) in that time.

In 1934, they moved to Leichhardt Oval, where the majority played until they merged with the Western Suburbs Magpies at the end of the 1999 season. In this time, they had short stints at Sydney Showground (1971–1972) and Parramatta Stadium (1995–1996).

The clubs' existing lower grade sides play home games at Leichhardt Oval and TG Milner Sportsground in Marsfield.

Here is a list of their grounds used as their primary use in first grade:

  • Birchgrove Oval (1908 – 1929; 1931 – 1932; 1942)
  • Wentworth Park (1930)
  • Drummoyne Oval (1932–1933)
  • Leichhardt Oval (1934 – 1941; 1943 – 1970; 1973 – 1994; 1997 – 1999)
  • Sydney Sports Ground (1971–1972)
  • Parramatta Stadium (1995–1996)

Records[]

Club[]

Biggest Wins vs All Teams[]

Margin Score Opposition Venue Date
62 64–2 Western Suburbs colours.svg Western Suburbs Pratten Park 29 July 1944
57 57–0 University colours.svg University Birchgrove Oval 23 April 1921
51 59–8 Eastern Suburbs colours.svg Eastern Suburbs Leichhardt Oval 23 August 1952
44 46–2 Canadacolours.png Gold Coast Seagulls Seagulls Stadium 23 June 1990
43 43–0 Annandale colours.svg Annandale Birchgrove Oval 3 June 1918
42 45–3 Newtown colours.svg Newtown Birchgrove Oval 4 August 1923
41 46–5 Penrith colours.svg Penrith Panthers Penrith Park 20 July 1980
39 44–5 Canterbury colours.svg Canterbury-Bankstown Leichhardt Oval 4 May 1935
36 43–7 South Sydney colours.svg South Sydney Leichhardt Oval 27 July 1946
35 35–0 Canberra colours.svg Canberra Raiders Leichhardt Oval 9 May 1982
34 37–3
34–0
North Sydney colours.svg North Sydney Birchgrove Oval
Leichhardt Oval
19 May 1917
29 April 1939
33 47–14 Parramatta colours.svg Parramatta Leichhardt Oval 2 August 1947
32 39–7
34–2
St. George colours.svg St. George Leichhardt Oval
Leichhardt Oval
7 May 1938
31 May 1947
31 40–9 Glebe colours.svg Glebe Birchgrove Oval 21 July 1917
26 46–20 Illawarra colours.svg Illawarra Steelers Leichhardt Oval 19 March 1983
24 32–8
34–10
Cronulla colours.svg Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks Leichhardt Oval
Caltex Field
31 March 1985
5 July 1992
22 38–16 North Queensland colours.svg North Queensland Cowboys Parramatta Stadium 26 March 1995
20 24–4 Newcastle colours.svg Newcastle Knights Leichhardt Oval 28 April 1990
18 24–6 Brisbane colours.svg Brisbane Broncos Leichhardt Oval 30 July 1989
18 32–14 South Queensland colours.svg South Queensland Crushers Leichhardt Oval 10 August 1997
17 17–0
26–9
Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Manly-Warringah Leichhardt Oval
Sydney Sports Ground
26 July 1947
12 May 1968
12 16–4 Cumberland colours.svg Cumberland Birchgrove Oval 20 June 1908
12 34–22 Auckland colours.svg Auckland Warriors Lancaster Park 16 June 1996
10 16–6 Melbourne colours.svg Melbourne Storm Leichhardt Oval 13 March 1999
4 9–5 Newcastle foundation colours.svg Newcastle Birchgrove Oval 15 May 1909
4 10–6 Western Reds colours.svg Western Reds Parramatta Stadium 27 April 1996
Adelaide colours.svg Adelaide Rams
St. George colours.svg St. George Illawarra Dragons

Biggest Losses vs All Teams[]

Margin Score Opposition Venue Date
57 5–62 Western Suburbs colours.svg Western Suburbs Magpies Lidcombe Oval 31 March 1974
52 0–52 Adelaide colours.svg Adelaide Rams Hindmarsh Stadium 3 July 1998
52 12–64 North Sydney colours.svg North Sydney Bears North Sydney Oval 30 May 1999
50 0–50 Brisbane colours.svg Brisbane Broncos ANZ Stadium 13 August 1993
46 10–56 Manly Sea Eagles colours.svg Manly Warringah Sea Eagles Parramatta Stadium 6 August 1995
44 0–44 Cronulla colours.svg Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks Shark Park 7 March 1999
41 0–41 St. George colours.svg St. George Sydney Cricket Ground 7 August 1965
40 13–53 Eastern Suburbs colours.svg Eastern Suburbs Sydney Cricket Ground 31 August 1935
40 8–48 St. George colours.svg St. George Illawarra Dragons WIN Stadium 22 May 1999
39 2–41 Glebe colours.svg Glebe Wentworth Park 19 August 1911
39 13–52 Canterbury colours.svg Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs Leichhardt Oval 20 April 1981
37 2–39 South Sydney colours.svg South Sydney Rabbitohs Redfern Oval 20 April 1975
36 2–38 Parramatta colours.svg Parramatta Eels Belmore Sports Ground 13 June 1982
36 0–36 Canberra colours.svg Canberra Raiders Leichhardt Oval 9 July 1994
34 12–46 Newcastle colours.svg Newcastle Knights Parramatta Stadium 2 April 1995
32 4–36 Newtown colours.svg Newtown Jets Henson Park 6 April 1974
29 12–41 Penrith Panthers square flag icon with 2017 colours.svg Penrith Panthers Penrith Football Stadium 18 August 1991
26 6–32 Canadacolours.png Gold Coast Seagulls Seagulls Stadium 31 July 1994
26 6–32 Illawarra colours.svg Illawarra Steelers Steelers Stadium 13 August 1995
24 12–36 Auckland colours.svg Auckland Warriors Ericsson Stadium 4 June 1995
24 2–26 North Queensland colours.svg North Queensland Cowboys Malanda Stadium 21 March 1998
23 5–28 Newcastle foundation colours.svg Newcastle Birchgrove Oval 4 July 1908
16 6–22 Western Reds colours.svg Western Reds WACA Ground 14 April 1995
11 5–16 University colours.svg University Birchgrove Oval 16 June 1928
9 7–16 Annandale colours.svg Annandale Birchgrove Oval 5 July 1913
9 16–25 Melbourne colours.svg Melbourne Storm Leichhardt Oval 7 June 1998
Cumberland colours.svg Cumberland
South Queensland colours.svg South Queensland Crushers

Individual[]

Most appearances

  • Paul Sironen: 247 (1985–1998)
  • Garry Jack: 243 (1982–1992, 1995)
  • Ben Elias: 233 (1982–1994)
  • Keith Barnes: 194 (1955–1968)
  • Wayne Pearce: 192 (1980–1990)
  • Charles Fraser: 185 (1910–1926)
  • Steve Roach: 185 (1982–1992)
  • Tim Brasher: 185 (1989��1997)
  • Reg Latta: 175 (1916–1926, 1928–1930)
  • David Brooks: 174 (1983–1992)

Most tries in a match

  • Sid Goodwin: 5 vs University at Leichhardt Oval on 4 April 1935
  • Arthur Patton: 5 vs Eastern Suburbs at SCG on 12 August 1944
  • Bob Lulham: 5 vs Parramatta at Leichhardt Oval on 2 August 1947
  • David Topliss: 5 vs Newtown at Henson Park on 7 August 1977

Most tries in a season

  • Bobby Lulham: 28 in NSWRFL season 1947

Most tries for club

Most goals in a match

  • : 11 vs Wests at Pratten Park on 29 July 1944
  • Keith Barnes: 11 vs Norths at Sydney Sports Ground on 24 July 1960

Most goals in a season

  • Len Killeen: 84 in NSWRFL season 1969

Most Goals For Club

  • Keith Barnes: 742

Most points in a match

  • : 22 vs Wests at Pratten Park on 29 July 1944
  • Keith Barnes: 22 vs Norths at Sydney Sports Ground on 24 July 1960
  • Ross Conlon: 22 vs Wests at Leichhardt Oval on 4 April 1985

Most points in a season

  • Len Killeen: 207 (9 tries, 84 goals, 6 field goals) in NSWRFL season 1969

Most points for club

  • Keith Barnes: 1,519 (11 tries, 742 goals, 1 field goal)

Award winners

Honours[]

  • Premierships (1915, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1924, 1939, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1969)
  • Runners Up (1909, 1936, 1945, 1948, 1956, 1964, 1966, 1988, 1989)
  • City Cup (1917, 1923)
  • (1967, 1976)
  • Amco Cup (1976, 1985, 1987)[17]

Major sponsors[]

  • Camperford (1977)
  • Avis (1978–1980)
  • Sharp (1981–1982)
  • Saxonvale Wines (1983–1985)
  • Alpha Micro Computers (1986–1987)
  • Philips (1988–1993)
  • MLC mobiles (1994–1995)
  • Meriton Apartments (1997–1999)

Notable fans[]

  • Dawn Fraser, Olympic swimmer[18]
  • Anthony Field, founding member of The Wiggles
  • John Kerr, 18th Governor General of Australia[19]
  • Laurie Nichols[20]
  • Harry Triguboff[21]
  • Neville Wran, 35th Premier of New South Wales[22]

First-grade players (1908-1999)[]

Club
No. Name Career Appearances Tries Goals Field goals Points
1 Joe Apoloney 1908-1912 43 9 0 0 27
2 1908 4 0 0 0 0
3 Alf Dobbs 1908-1909 6 3 0 0 9
4 1908-1909 6 3 0 0 9
5 1908-1910 30 5 27 1 71
6 Robert Graves 1908-1913 54 12 1 0 38
7 Alf Latta 1908-1912 41 8 10 1 46
8 Ted McFadden 1908-1910 33 1 0 0 3
9 Tommy O'Donnell 1908-1910 20 3 0 0 9
10 Joe Regent 1908-1909 20 7 6 0 33
11 1908-1910 27 6 0 0 18
12 1908 8 0 0 0 0
13 1908 9 2 0 0 6
14 1908-1909 9 1 0 0 3
15 1908 1 0 0 0 0
16 1908 1 0 0 0 0
17 1908 1 0 0 0 0
18 1908-1909 5 1 1 0 5
19 Fred Woolley 1908-1910 25 0 0 0 0
20 1908 2 0 0 0 0
21 John Woodward 1908-1913 52 4 0 0 12
22 1909 1 0 0 0 0
23 1909-1911 3 0 0 0 0
24 Lloyd Edwards 1909-1910 21 2 0 0 6
25 1909 5 3 0 0 9
26 1909-1911 27 1 0 0 3
27 1909-1912 8 1 0 0 3
28 Arthur Halloway 1909-1911, 1915-1920 108 47 0 0 141
29 1909 1 0 0 0 0
30 1909-1910 2 1 2 0 7
31 1910-1916 66 3 1 1 13
32 Bob Craig 1910-1919 92 14 2 0 46
33 1910 1 0 0 0 0
34 W. Smith 1910 12 5 1 0 17
35 Frank Woodward 1910 9 0 0 0 0
36 Arthur Surridge 1910 4 1 5 0 13
37 1910 1 0 0 0 0
38 1910 5 0 0 0 0
39 1910 2 1 0 0 3
40 1910 2 0 0 0 0
41 Charles Fraser 1910-1926 185 54 163 2 492
42 1910 2 1 0 0 3
43 1910 1 0 0 0 0
44 1910 2 1 0 0 3
45 1910-1913 4 0 0 0 0
46 Jack Hickey 1911 10 0 13 0 26
47 1911 12 1 4 0 11
48 Owen McCarthy 1911 13 0 0 0 0
49 1911 3 0 0 0 0
50 Charles McMurtrie 1911-1915 15 4 0 0 12
51 1911 1 0 0 0 0
52 1911 2 0 0 0 0
53 1911 14 7 0 0 21
54 1911-1912 3 1 0 0 3
55 1911-1912 11 0 0 0 0
56 Tommy Anderson 1911 2 0 0 0 0
57 1911 8 1 2 0 7
58 1911 4 1 0 0 4
59 1911 5 0 0 0 0
60 1911 4 0 0 0 0
61 1911 1 0 0 0 0
62 1911 4 0 0 0 0
63 1911-1914 36 3 2 1 15
64 1911-1912 5 0 0 0 0
65 1911-1915 11 4 0 0 12
66 1912-1915 57 8 50 0 124
67 1912 11 1 0 0 3
68 1912 13 3 2 0 13
69 Albert Johnston 1912-1917 76 6 2 0 22
70 Lyall Wall 1912, 1914-1919 81 6 35 6 100
71 1912-1913, 1915 25 1 0 0 3
72 1912-1913 22 3 0 0 9
73 1912 5 2 0 0 6
74 1912 1 0 0 0 0
75 1912 6 1 0 0 3
76 Jack Robinson 1912-1925 156 78 5 0 244
77 1913 1 0 0 0 0
78 1913 2 0 0 0 0
79 1913 3 0 0 0 0
80 Bill Noble 1913 14 0 0 0 0
81 Ernie Hucker 1913 7 1 0 0 3
82 1913-1914 22 6 0 0 18
83 1913-1916, 1918-1921 48 24 3 0 78
84 1913 7 0 4 0 8
85 1913-1916 25 1 1 0 5
86 Bill Schultz 1913-1924 142 15 0 0 45
87 1913 1 0 0 0 0
88 1913 1 0 0 0 0
89 1914-1915 15 1 3 0 9
90 Bill Kelly 1914-1915 27 16 0 0 48
91 1914 1 0 0 0 0
92 1914-1915 25 1 0 0 3
93 1914 4 0 0 0 0
94 1914 4 2 0 0 6
95 1914 3 0 0 0 0
96 1915-1918 21 9 0 0 27
97 1915 1 0 0 0 0
98 George Robinson 1915-1928 85 24 44 0 160
99 Edward Burnicle 1915-1918 31 4 0 0 12
100 Jim Craig 1915-1921 51 20 22 0 104
101 Alf Fraser 1916-1925 129 15 0 0 45
102 Reg Latta 1916-1930 175 62 1 0 188
103 1916 4 1 0 0 3
104 1916-1917 3 0 0 0 0
105 1916 4 0 1 0 2
106 Roy Algie 1916 1 0 0 0 0
107 1916-1917 5 2 0 0 6
108 1916 1 0 0 0 0
109 1916 7 0 0 0 0
110 1917-1920 32 9 0 0 27
111 Horrie Watt 1917-1925 93 11 3 0 39
112 1917-1919 37 7 36 0 93
113 1917-1920, 1924 35 19 1 0 59
114 George Challis 1918 10 0 0 0 0
115 1918 11 0 0 0 0
116 1918-1920 12 6 0 0 18
117 1918 3 1 0 0 3
118 Jim Love 1918-1927 90 23 0 0 69
119 1919-1924 65 10 89 0 208
120 1919 1 0 0 0 0
121 1919-1920 19 1 0 0 3
122 1919 1 0 0 0 0
123 1919 1 0 0 0 0
124 1920-1923 9 0 0 0 0
125 1920-1926 7 9 0 0 27
126 1920-1922 2 0 0 0 0
127 Roy Liston 1921-1922, 1924 18 2 8 0 22
128 1921-1922 24 3 0 0 9
129 1921-1922 10 1 0 0 3
130 1921-1922 15 3 0 0 9
131 1922 3 0 0 0 0
132 Billy Craig 1922-1925 40 11 0 0 33
133 Frank O'Rourke 1922 1 0 0 0 0
134 1922 2 0 0 0 0
135 1922-1923 10 0 0 0 0
136 Dud Millard 1922-1926 48 13 1 0 41
137 1922-1923 9 2 0 0 6
138 1922-1927 4 2 0 0 6
139 Des Ponchard 1922-1929 58 1 38 0 79
140 1922 2 1 0 0 3
141 1923 10 1 1 0 5
142 Les Hayes 1923-1926 45 7 0 0 21
143 Tommy Kennedy 1923-1926 35 24 0 0 72
144 1923 1 1 0 0 3
145 George Bishop 1923-1935 81 10 22 0 74
146 1924 3 0 0 0 0
147 1924-1927 28 1 0 0 3
148 Norm Robinson 1924-1933 72 19 22 0 101
149 1925 10 0 0 0 0
150 1925-1929 58 7 0 0 21
151 Frank McMillan 1925 12 0 17 0 34
152 1925-1926 14 2 0 0 6
153 1925 8 0 0 0 0
154 1925 2 0 0 0 0
155 Jack Dawson 1926 5 0 0 0 0
156 1926-1927 27 3 17 0 43
157 1926-1927 7 1 0 0 3
158 1926 7 2 0 0 6
159 1926-1929 39 10 10 0 50
160 1926 3 0 0 0 0
161 1926 3 0 0 0 0
162 1926 4 0 7 0 14
163 1926-1929 39 2 0 0 6
164 1926 2 0 0 0 0
165 1926 7 1 0 0 3
166 1926-1929 19 0 0 0 0
167 1926-1929 28 3 0 0 9
168 1926-1928 10 1 0 0 3
169 1926 1 0 0 0 0
170 1926 6 3 0 0 9
171 1927-1931 5 0 8 0 16
172 1927-1933 59 20 15 0 90
173 1927 3 0 0 0 0
174 1927-1929 30 1 30 0 63
175 1927 7 0 0 0 0
176 1927-1931 44 10 0 0 30
177 1927-1931 42 8 0 0 24
178 1927 1 0 0 0 0
179 1928-1929 4 0 0 0 0
180 1927-1929 17 6 0 0 18
181 1927 1 0 0 0 0
182 1928-1929 12 6 0 0 18
183 1928-1931 25 5 15 0 45
184 1928 3 1 0 0 3
185 1928-1932 19 1 0 0 3
186 Jim Duckworth 1928-1938 45 14 33 0 108
187 1928 1 0 0 0 0
188 1928-1933 2 0 0 0 0
189 1929 14 8 0 0 24
190 1929 10 0 0 0 0
191 1929-1931 28 2 0 0 6
192 1929-1930 11 3 14 0 37
193 1929-1930 10 0 5 0 10
194 1929 1 0 0 0 0
195 1929 3 1 2 0 7
196 1929 1 0 0 0 0
197 1929-1936 76 27 0 0 81
198 1929-1933 15 3 1 0 11
199 1929 2 1 0 0 3
200 1929 1 0 0 0 0
201 Syd Christensen 1930-1937 63 42 185 0 496
202 Cec Fifield 1930 5 0 0 0 0
203 1930-1932 27 3 0 0 9
204 1930-1932 13 3 4 0 17
205 1930-1940 64 4 0 0 12
206 1930 5 4 0 0 12
207 Alby Black 1930-1931 24 11 0 0 33
208 1930-1934 53 9 32 0 91
209 1930-1931 12 9 4 0 35
210 1930 4 1 0 0 3
211 1930 1 0 0 0 0
212 1930-1934 20 3 2 0 13
213 1930-1931 3 0 0 0 0
214 1931 4 4 0 0 12
215 James McMenamin 1931 13 3 0 0 9
216 Arthur Toby 1931-1933 41 3 0 0 9
217 1931 1 0 0 0 0
218 1931-1934 28 1 0 0 3
219 1931-1934 24 3 0 0 9
220 1931-1932 13 0 0 0 0
221 1931-1938 18 7 0 0 21
222 1931-1933 19 8 0 0 24
223 1931-1932 17 2 0 0 6
224 1931 8 1 2 0 7
225 1931 1 0 0 0 0
226 1932 4 0 0 0 0
227 1932-1934 6 2 0 0 6
228 1932 2 0 0 0 0
229 1932 1 0 0 0 0
230 Billy Johnson 1932-1941 106 16 69 0 186
231 1932 3 0 0 0 0
232 1932-1935 41 5 0 0 15
233 Edmund Beaver 1932-1937 60 4 0 0 12
234 1932 1 0 0 0 0
235 1932 5 2 0 0 6
236 1933 6 1 0 0 3
237 1933 5 1 0 0 3
238 1933 6 0 0 0 0
239 1933-1935 31 6 0 0 18
240 1933 5 1 0 0 3
241 Joe Sharp 1933 3 0 0 0 0
242 1933-1937 31 3 0 0 9
243 Sid Goodwin 1933-1942 118 86 2 0 262
244 1933-1934 11 3 0 0 9
245 Tom Grahame 1934-1936 29 9 0 0 27
246 1934 11 0 0 0 0
247 1934-1936 6 2 0 0 6
248 1934 1 0 0 0 0
249 1934 1 0 0 0 0
250 1934-1935 12 2 0 0 6
251 1934-1938 13 4 0 0 12
252 1934 2 3 0 0 9
253 Joe Busch 1935-1936 19 9 0 0 27
254 1935 8 1 0 0 3
255 Jack Redman 1935-1940 77 41 0 0 123
256 1935-1938 13 2 0 0 6
257 1935 12 0 2 0 4
258 1935-1936 18 1 0 0 3
259 1935-1937 25 2 0 0 6
260 Gus Reeves 1935-1936 13 8 0 0 24
261 1935-1937 3 2 0 0 6
262 1935 2 0 0 0 0
263 Frank Griffiths 1935-1941 56 8 0 0 24
264 1935 2 0 0 0 0
265 1935-1936 2 0 0 0 0
266 Maurice Fitzgerald 1936 3 1 0 0 3
267 Dave Manning 1936-1939 52 1 0 0 3
268 Frank Johnston 1936-1940 41 4 40 0 92
269 1936 12 1 0 0 3
270 1936 6 3 0 0 9
271 Eddie Lockhart 1936-1937 7 0 0 0 0
272 Billy Bischoff Sr. 1937-1940 36 3 0 0 9
273 1937 4 0 0 0 0
274 1937-1938 13 4 0 0 12
275 Arthur Patton 1937-1948 117 95 9 0 303
276 1937 3 1 1 0 5
277 1937 5 2 0 0 6
278 1937 3 0 0 0 0
279 Frank Gilmore 1937 1 0 0 0 0
280 Frank Hyde 1938-1941 38 16 2 0 52
281 1938 7 0 0 0 0
282 Jim Quealey 1938-1945 58 13 46 0 131
283 Jack Winchester 1938-1944 58 15 0 0 45
284 1938 1 0 0 0 0
285 1938-1940 18 6 0 0 18
286 Dawson Buckley 1938-1947 113 20 3 0 66
287 1938 4 5 1 0 17
288 George Watt 1938-1944 73 9 2 0 31
289 1938 3 0 0 0 0
290 William Brown 1938-1939 2 0 0 0 0
291 1938 1 0 0 0 0
292 Hec Day 1939-1943 38 4 21 0 54
293 1939 10 2 0 0 6
294 Athol Smith 1939-1945 92 29 0 0 87
295 Tom Bourke 1939-1948 147 47 76 0 293
296 1940 5 0 0 0 0
297 1940 1 0 0 0 0
298 1940-1941 11 2 0 0 6
299 1940-1941 21 4 0 0 12
300 Jack Hampstead 1940-1950 112 30 1 0 92
301 1940 1 0 0 0 0
302 1940 1 0 0 0 0
303 Henry Box 1941-1946 45 4 0 0 12
304 1941-1943 5 0 0 0 0
305 1941 5 1 0 0 3
306 1941-1943 4 0 0 0 0
307 1941-1942 10 0 0 0 0
308 1941 7 0 0 0 0
309 1941-1942 3 0 0 0 0
310 1941-1942 10 0 2 0 4
311 1941-1945 17 3 0 0 9
312 Fred de Belin 1942-1950 75 13 1 0 41
313 1942 5 0 0 0 0
314 1942-1944 30 14 40 0 122
315 1942 1 0 0 0 0
316 1942 1 0 0 0 3
317 1942 1 0 0 0 0
318 1942-1947 17 3 4 0 17
319 Johnny Bliss 1942-1943 14 10 0 0 30
320 1942 3 0 0 0 0
321 Jack Spencer 1942-1951 149 26 2 0 82
322 1942-1943 7 0 5 0 10
323 1943 12 0 1 0 2
324 Merv Denton 1943 12 5 8 0 31
325 1943-1945 17 1 0 0 3
326 1943-1944 11 1 0 0 3
327 Sid Ryan 1943–1951 104 5 0 0 15
328 1943-1946 16 0 13 1 28
329 1943 4 0 2 0 4
330 1943-1948 19 15 0 0 45
331 Stan Ponchard 1943-1953 106 46 13 0 164
332 1944 1 0 0 0 0
333 Dave Parkinson 1944-1948 53 7 1 0 23
334 Cecil Jorgenson 1944-1953 95 22 334 0 734
335 Keith Parkinson 1944-1948 39 23 1 0 71
336 1944-1946 10 0 0 0 0
337 Pat Devery 1944-1947 38 25 59 0 193
338 1945-1949 17 10 0 0 30
339 1945-1947 7 0 0 0 0
340 1945 1 0 0 0 0
341 Jack Metcalf 1945-1946 21 1 0 0 3
342 Hilton Kidd 1945-1948 27 2 0 0 6
343 1945 4 0 0 0 0
344 Mitchell Wallace 1945-1948 13 5 0 0 15
345 1945 3 0 0 0 0
346 1945-1946 13 7 1 0 23
347 1945-1951 6 1 0 0 3
348 Harry Bath 1946-1947 30 11 0 0 33
349 Herb Gilbert Jr. 1946-1948 45 0 2 0 4
350 1946 1 1 0 0 3
351 1946-1951 48 20 1 0 6
352 1946-1950 7 0 6 0 12
353 Jack McCullough 1946-1950 34 0 4 0 8
354 Bob Lulham 1947-1953 85 85 45 0 345
355 1947 12 0 0 0 0
356 1947 5 0 0 0 0
357 1947 5 0 0 0 0
358 1947 3 4 0 0 12
359 Des Bryan 1947-1948 16 5 0 0 15
360 1947 1 0 0 0 0
361 1947 8 0 0 0 0
362 1948 2 0 0 0 0
363 1948-1953 86 9 0 0 27
364 1948 3 0 0 0 0
365 1948 16 0 0 0 0
366 1948-1954 57 8 0 0 24
367 1948 1 0 0 0 0
368 Leo Nosworthy 1948-1952 64 27 0 0 81
369 William Sneddon 1948-1949 21 2 0 0 6
370 Fred Brown 1949 8 0 3 0 6
371 1949-1954 37 4 0 0 12
372 1949-1950 39 2 0 0 6
373 Bill Stewart 1949 1 0 0 0 0
374 1949 1 0 0 0 0
375 1949-1954 3 64 0 0 137
376 1949-1951 28 13 0 0 39
377 1949-1950 29 14 1 0 44
378 1949-1951 12 4 0 0 12
379 1949 1 0 0 0 0
380 1950 15 1 0 0 3
381 Bruce Hopkins 1950-1951 25 2 3 0 12
382 Bill Marsh 1950-1955, 1957–1960 142 30 2 0 94
383 1950-1954 52 6 0 0 18
384 1950-1952 21 2 5 0 16
385 Jack Fifield 1950-1955 57 30 31 0 152
386 1950-1954 32 4 1 0 14
387 1951-1955 17 4 0 0 12
388 1951 4 1 0 0 3
389 1951-1952 13 4 0 0 12
390 1951-1953 20 5 0 0 15
391 1951-1952 10 0 0 0 0
392 1951 8 0 0 0 0
393 1951-1955 47 7 0 0 21
394 1951 2 0 0 0 0
395 1951 1 0 0 0 0
396 1951-1955 14 0 0 0 0
397 1951-1953 22 3 0 0 9
398 1951-1956 56 9 0 0 27
399 1951-1958 31 0 0 0 0
400 1951 5 1 0 0 3
401 1951-1953 3 3 0 0 9
402 1951 1 0 0 0 0
403 Bob Moon 1951-1952 3 0 0 0 0
404 1951-1952 3 0 0 0 0
405 1952 14 7 20 0 61
406 1952 4 0 0 0 0
407 1952-1953 18 6 1 0 20
408 Neville Watt 1952-1959 104 16 39 0 126
409 1952-1953 12 6 0 0 18
410 1953-1955 20 8 0 0 24
411 1953-1955 27 4 0 0 12
412 1953 16 3 0 0 9
413 1953-1957 42 32 29 0 154
414 1953-1958 29 25 0 0 75
415 1953 9 1 0 0 3
416 1953-1954 23 4 0 0 12
417 1953-1958 31 1 0 0 3
418 1953-1956 21 4 0 0 12
419 1953-1954 3 1 0 0 3
420 Clarrie Jeffreys 1953-1955 23 2 0 0 6
421 1953-1954 6 2 0 0 6
422 Kevin Humphreys 1953-1956 43 9 0 0 27
423 1953 1 0 0 0 0
424 1953 3 0 0 0 0
425 1953-1955 10 0 21 0 42
426 1953 2 0 0 0 0
427 1954 14 3 0 0 9
428 1954-1956 24 15 0 0 45
429 1954 4 0 0 0 0
430 1954 2 0 0 0 0
431 1954 2 0 0 0 0
432 Keith Barnes 1955-1968 194 11 742 1 1519
433 1955-1958 56 16 0 0 48
434 1955-1958 44 6 0 0 18
435 Terry McGovern 1955-1956 28 16 0 0 48
436 1955 17 0 0 0 0
437 1955 1 0 0 0 0
438 Brian Staunton 1955-1958 65 23 0 0 69
439 1955 1 0 0 0 0
440 1955-1957 3 1 0 0 3
441 1955 1 0 0 0 0
442 1955 2 1 0 0 3
443 1955-1956 3 2 3 0 12
444 1955-1956 2 2 0 0 6
445 Keith Agget 1956 1 0 0 0 0
446 1956 21 1 0 0 3
447 1956 15 5 3 0 21
448 1956-1958 43 12 5 0 46
449 Alan Mason 1956-1962 73 5 0 0 15
450 Ron Moses 1956-1959 23 2 0 0 6
451 Kevin Mosman 1956-1957 33 14 0 0 42
452 Robert Heaney 1956-1957 23 2 0 0 6
453 Ron Potter 1956-1957 32 4 0 0 12
454 1956-1958 10 4 0 0 12
455 1956-1960 24 4 27 0 66
456 1956 5 0 0 0 0
457 1956 1 0 0 0 0
458 1957-1961 25 0 0 0 0
459 Billy Bischoff Jr. 1957-1965 151 34 0 0 102
460 Bob Boland 1957-1967 157 11 0 1 35
461 1957-1959 27 1 0 0 3
462 1957-1960 46 6 0 0 18
463 Kevin Smyth 1957-1960 58 13 0 0 39
464 Ken Bray 1957 2 2 0 0 4
465 1957-1959 17 1 0 0 3
466 1957 7 1 26 0 55
467 Paul Broughton 1957 1 0 0 0 0
468 1957 5 0 0 0 0
469 1957-1959 3 0 0 0 0
470 1958 11 5 0 0 15
471 1958 14 1 0 0 3
472 Bill Tonkin 1958-1959 26 2 5 0 19
473 1958-1959 7 2 0 0 6
474 1958 3 1 2 0 7
475 Don Evenden 1959-1960 9 1 0 0 3
476 Laurie Fagan 1959-1966 98 19 22 0 101
477 1958 1 0 0 0 0
478 1959-1963 77 47 0 0 141
479 Bob Mara 1959-1967 141 70 2 0 214
480 Harry Raven 1959-1965 104 9 0 0 27
481 1959-1963 19 2 23 0 52
482 1959-1962 25 2 0 0 6
483 1959 1 0 0 0 0
484 1959 11 0 0 0 0
485 1959 3 0 2 0 4
486 1959 3 0 0 0 0
487 1959 5 0 0 0 0
488 1959-1962 14 4 13 0 38
489 1959-1960 6 1 0 0 3
490 1960-1962 14 1 0 0 3
491 1960 5 0 0 0 0
492 1960-1964 13 1 0 0 3
493 1960-1961 28 1 0 0 3
494 George Piper 1960-1966 65 10 0 0 30
495 Dick Wilson 1960-1966 69 4 15 0 42
496 1960 2 1 0 0 3
497 1960-1961 9 1 0 0 3
498 1960 4 0 0 0 0
499 1960-1962 14 1 0 0 3
500 1961-1964 14 0 0 0 0
501 Bede Goff 1961 18 0 0 0 0
502 Gil MacDougall 1961 7 4 0 0 12
503 Rex Percy 1961-1963 26 3 8 0 25
504 Peter Provan 1961-1969 155 12 0 0 36
505 Dick Quinn 1961-1965 49 18 0 0 54
506 1961 1 0 0 0 0
507 1961 1 0 5 0 10
508 1961 1 0 0 0 0
509 1961 1 0 2 0 4
510 1961-1965 15 2 0 0 6
511 1962 2 1 0 0 3
512 1962 7 1 0 0 3
513 Jack Danzey Jr. 1962-1965 48 4 17 0 46
514 1962 11 0 0 0 0
515 1962-1965 38 7 0 0 21
516 Dave Cooper 1962-1966 19 0 0 0 0
517 1962 2 0 0 0 0
518 1962 4 0 0 0 0
519 1962 2 0 0 0 0
520 1962-1963 8 0 0 0 0
521 1962 4 0 1 0 2
522 1962-1963 10 2 0 0 6
523 1963-1965 33 9 0 0 27
524 Garry Leo 1963-1974 173 29 0 1 89
525 1963 1 0 0 0 0
526 1963 2 0 0 0 0
527 1963 1 0 0 0 0
528 Hal Browne 1964-1970 73 25 3 0 81
529 Ron Clothier 1964-1968 26 5 0 0 15
530 Norm Henderson 1964-1967 21 1 0 0 3
531 Peter Jones 1964-1970 74 10 0 0 30
532 1964 9 0 23 0 46
533 Dennis Tutty 1964-1971, 1976 98 9 0 0 27
534 1964 7 0 0 0 0
535 1964 7 0 0 0 0
536 1964 1 0 0 0 0
537 1965 4 1 0 0 3
538 Dave Bolton 1965-1970 78 5 7 21 71
539 Geoff Connell 1965-1971 30 1 0 0 3
540 1965-1969 5 0 0 0 0
541 Bob Grant 1965 5 0 0 0 0
542 1965-1967 7 2 0 0 6
543 1965 3 0 0 0 0
544 Arthur Beetson 1966-1970 74 6 1 0 20
545 Paul Cross 1966-1974 94 50 0 0 150
546 Kevin Yow Yeh 1966-1967 41 9 0 0 27
547 1966 2 0 0 0 0
548 1966-1967 7 0 6 0 12
549 Laurie Moraschi 1966-1968 34 1 0 0 3
550 Sid Williams 1966-1970 59 13 26 0 91
551 John Spencer 1966-1975 161 58 1 5 185
552 Michael Ross 1966-1973 40 9 18 0 63
553 1966-1969 3 0 0 1 2
554 1967 2 0 0 0 0
555 Len Killeen 1967-1971 78 36 270 8 664
556 1967-1969 34 0 0 0 0
557 George Ruebner 1967-1971 58 33 18 1 137
558 Allan Fitzgibbon 1968-1970 42 7 0 0 21
559 Greg Fryer 1968-1974 84 18 2 2 61
560 Keith Outten 1968-1971, 1975 83 14 2 3 52
561 Terry Parker 1968-1973 57 17 0 0 51
562 1968 6 0 0 0 0
563 1968 6 0 0 0 0
564 1968 4 2 0 0 6
565 1968-1969 23 1 0 0 3
566 1968 1 0 0 0 0
567 Peter Boulton 1969-1975 95 2 0 0 6
568 1969-1971 28 1 0 0 3
569 1969-1970 8 1 0 0 3
570 Barry McTaggart 1969-1972 59 5 0 0 15
571 Olaf Prattl 1969-1971 49 9 0 0 27
572 Robert Smithies 1969-1971 58 14 2 0 46
573 1969-1973 53 2 0 0 6
574 1969-1972 11 0 0 0 0
575 1969 1 0 0 0 0
576 1969-1973 23 2 0 0 6
577 1970-1972 13 2 0 0 6
578 1970-1972 15 2 8 0 22
579 1971-1974 31 4 0 0 12
580 1971-1972 12 1 0 0 3
581 1971-1975 10 0 0 0 0
582 Geoff Starling 1971-1974 65 22 5 0 76
583 1971 9 1 28 0 59
584 1971-1975 30 1 0 0 3
585 1971 2 0 0 0 0
586 1971-1973 13 3 0 0 9
587 1971-1974 7 1 6 0 15
588 1971-1973 3 0 0 0 0
589 1971 1 0 0 0 0
590 1972-1974 10 3 0 0 9
591 1972-1973 22 3 0 0 9
592 1972-1974 45 19 0 0 57
593 1972-1973 23 0 0 0 0
594 Mal McMartin 1972-1973 15 2 0 0 6
595 1972-1974 58 12 0 0 36
596 Jeff Shield 1972-1976 71 11 0 0 33
597 1972 10 1 33 0 69
598 1972 11 2 0 2 8
599 Mick Dryden 1972 1 0 0 0 0
600 Trevor Ryan 1972-1977, 1982 159 30 1 0 92
601 1972 6 1 18 0 39
602 1973-1974 25 2 0 0 6
603 1973-1980 28 2 1 0 8
604 1973-1974 7 0 0 0 0
605 1973-1976 21 3 0 0 9
606 1973-1974 23 4 57 0 126
607 1973-1982 28 1 0 0 3
608 1973-1974 7 0 0 0 0
609 1973 2 0 0 0 0
610 1973 2 0 0 0 0
611 Mark Levy 1974-1975 28 5 4 0 23
612 Dennis Manteit 1974-1976 35 7 0 0 21
613 1974-1978 39 11 11 0 55
614 1974-1978 56 4 0 0 12
615 1974-1975 18 3 0 0 9
616 1974 15 1 40 0 83
617 1974-1977 25 7 17 0 55
618 1974-1976 19 9 0 0 27
619 1974 1 0 0 0 0
620 1974 1 0 0 0 0
621 1974-1976 12 1 0 0 3
622 Mike Fish 1974-1980 90 30 4 0 98
623 1975-1978 56 2 38 0 82
624 Steve Lavers 1975-1982 93 3 0 0 9
625 Allan McMahon 1975-1981 110 28 10 0 104
626 Neil Pringle 1975-1982 122 28 0 0 84
627 1975-1976 24 5 43 0 101
628 1975 1 0 0 0 0
629 1975 7 0 0 0 0
630 Brian Lockwood 1975-1977 46 2 0 0 6
631 1975 9 1 18 0 39
632 John Cunningham 1975 5 1 5 1 14
633 1975 1 0 0 0 0
634 1975 1 0 0 0 0
635 1975 1 0 0 0 0
636 Greg Bandiera 1976-1977 26 2 0 0 6
637 1976-1978 34 2 0 0 6
638 Stephen Knight 1976-1977 37 14 0 0 32
639 1976-1977 27 2 0 0 6
640 Greg Cox 1976-1977 44 8 130 0 284
641 1976, 1980-1981 14 0 0 0 0
642 1976-1979 68 24 0 0 72
643 1976-1978 5 0 0 0 0
644 1976 4 1 0 0 3
645 1976 1 0 0 0 0
646 Wayne Wigham 1976-1983 135 56 0 0 169
647 1976-1979 16 0 0 0 0
648 1976 1 0 0 0 0
649 Warren Boland 1976-1978 22 2 0 0 6
650 Gary Spears 1977-1982 71 2 0 0 6
651 David Topliss 1977 2 1 0 0 3
652 1977 7 1 0 0 3
653 1977 1 0 0 0 0
654 1977-1979 24 3 27 0 63
655 Larry Corowa 1978-1983 98 64 0 0 199
656 David Grant 1978-1981 50 8 0 0 24
657 1978-1980 13 0 0 0 0
658 Wayne Miranda 1978-1983 91 12 252 0 541
659 1978-1979 38 4 0 0 12
660 1978-1982 37 12 0 0 36
661 Lloyd Martin 1978-1981 30 8 0 0 24
662 1978-1982 14 0 0 0 0
663 Percy Knight 1978-1982 64 11 0 0 33
664 1978 3 0 0 0 0
665 1978 2 0 0 0 0
666 1979 2 0 0 0 0
667 Rod Morris 1979-1981 56 4 0 0 12
668 Greg Oliphant 1979-1980 27 2 0 0 6
669 Gary Webster 1979-1982 37 3 0 0 9
670 1979 1 0 0 0 0
671 Neil Whittaker 1979-1985 118 11 0 1 34
672 1979-1982 19 4 23 0 58
673 1979-1980 2 0 0 0 0
674 1979 3 0 0 0 0
675 John Muggleton 1979 6 1 0 0 3
676 1979 2 0 1 0 2
677 1979-1984 56 11 0 0 41
678 Olsen Filipaina 1980-1984 81 19 83 0 225
679 Kerry Hemsley 1980-1988 139 3 0 0 11
680 Wayne Pearce 1980-1990 192 33 0 0 123
681 1980-1981 28 3 0 0 9
682 Lance Thompson 1980 3 0 0 0 0
683 David Adams 1980 2 1 0 0 3
684 1980-1981 4 1 0 0 3
685 John Davidson 1980-1988 168 60 22 0 272
686 Paul Morris 1980 2 0 0 0 0
687 1980-1982 9 3 0 0 9
688 Mal Creevey 1981 6 1 0 0 3
689 1981 1 0 0 0 0
690 1981-1982, 1986 16 1 0 0 3
691 John Sparks 1981 6 1 0 0 6
692 Ian Thomson 1981 9 0 0 0 0
693 1981-1986 43 5 0 0 19
694 1981-1988 56 3 0 0 12
695 Gary Bridge 1982-1986 104 32 1 0 122
696 Steve Martin 1982-1984 53 10 0 1 38
697 Terry Regan 1982 19 4 0 0 12
698 Gary Mara 1982 1 0 0 0 0
699 Garry Jack 1982-1992, 1995 244 60 1 1 239
700 Kevin Hardwick 1982-1990 145 9 1 0 36
701 1982-1984 37 8 0 0 32
702 1982 1 1 0 0 3
703 Steve Roach 1982-1992 185 12 0 0 48
704 1982-1984 32 1 0 0 4
705 Benny Elias 1982-1994 232 36 4 33 181
706 Simon Booth 1983-1984 25 5 0 0 20
707 David Brooks 1983-1992 173 14 108 1 273
708 1983 8 1 0 0 4
709 1983-1985 5 0 0 0 0
710 Bruce Gall 1983-1984 11 1 0 0 4
711 Michael Marketo 1983-1987 53 3 0 0 12
712 1983-1986 32 9 0 0 36
713 1983-1987 41 12 0 0 48
714 1983-1987 26 3 0 0 12
715 1984 9 0 0 0 0
716 1984-1988 40 8 0 0 32
717 1984 2 0 0 0 0
718 Paul Clarke 1984-1989 64 1 0 0 4
719 1984 1 0 0 0 0
720 Gavin Hanrahan 1984-1987 35 7 0 0 28
721 Ross Conlon 1985-1988 98 15 348 0 756
722 Scott Gale 1985-1988 99 35 0 3 143
723 Russel Gartner 1985-1989 99 26 0 0 116
724 1985 1 0 0 0 0
725 1985 6 2 0 0 8
726 Garry Schofield 1985-1987 47 28 9 4 134
727 1985 1 0 0 0 0
728 Paul Sironen 1985-1998 246 22 0 0 88
729 1985-1987 9 1 1 0 6
730 Paul McCabe 1986 8 0 0 0 0
731 Bruce McGuire 1986-1990 83 6 0 0 24
732 1986-1988 4 0 0 0 0
733 Tony Myler 1986 12 1 0 0 4
734 1986 7 0 0 0 0
735 Bruce Sinclair 1986-1988 13 0 0 0 0
736 1987 10 0 0 0 0
737 Mick Neil 1987-1991, 1994 97 17 0 0 68
738 1987 6 2 0 0 8
739 Phil Sigsworth 1987 9 2 0 0 8
740 1987 1 0 0 0 0
741 Lee Crooks 1987 11 0 7 0 14
742 1987-1992 52 19 0 0 76
743 1987 6 3 0 0 12
744 1987 1 0 0 0 0
745 1987 1 0 0 0 0
746 1987 1 0 0 0 0
747 Gary Freeman 1988-1991 51 19 0 0 76
748 Matt Parish 1988-1993 55 6 0 0 24
749 Michael Pobjie 1988-1990 37 5 0 0 20
750 1988 5 0 0 0 0
751 Steve Edmed 1988-1995 136 5 0 0 20
752 1988-1990 15 9 0 0 36
753 1988-1990 15 3 0 0 12
754 1988-1990 18 1 0 0 4
755 Daryl Powell 1988 4 2 0 0 8
756 Wayne Sing 1988-1991 14 0 0 0 0
757 Ellery Hanley 1988, 1996-1997 34 8 0 1 33
758 Tony Chalmers 1989-1990 16 3 0 0 12
759 James Grant 1989-1992 65 30 3 0 126
760 Steve O'Brien 1989-1992 58 16 6 0 64
761 Tim Brasher 1989-1997 185 82 105 0 538
762 1989-1991 10 1 0 0 4
763 1989-1993 45 5 0 0 20
764 Shaun Edwards 1989 12 1 0 0 4
765 1989 1 0 0 0 0
766 1989 1 0 0 0 0
767 Andy Currier 1989-1990 22 10 68 0 176
768 1989 2 0 0 0 0
769 John Elias 1989-1992, 1994 67 7 0 0 28
770 1989-1992 32 5 17 0 54
771 Peter Phillips 1990-1992 17 0 0 0 0
772 1990-1991 7 1 0 0 4
773 1990-1996 56 9 0 0 36
774 1990-1992 13 0 0 0 0
775 Will Robinson 1990-1994 62 27 2 0 112
776 1991 12 1 0 0 4
777 David Bayssari 1991-1997 93 14 35 1 126
778 1991 5 0 0 0 0
779 Craig Izzard 1991 8 0 0 0 0
780 Brian Smith 1991-1993 37 6 84 6 198
781 1991 2 0 0 0 0
782 Martin Masella 1991-1994 71 3 0 0 12
783 Shane O'Grady 1991-1992 16 1 0 0 4
784 Jacin Sinclair 1991-1993, 1998-1999 45 5 0 1 21
785 1991-1993 6 0 0 0 0
786 1991-1992 4 0 0 0 0
787 Matt Munro 1992-1995 60 5 0 0 20
788 Paul Davis 1992-1993 40 10 11 0 62
789 Derek McVey 1992-1995 51 11 0 0 44
790 Matt Burke 1992 2 1 0 0 4
791 1992-1994 22 0 0 0 0
792 1992 1 0 0 0 0
793 1992-1993 7 1 0 0 4
794 1992-1993 4 0 0 0 0
795 1993 18 3 15 0 42
796 Morvin Edwards 1993-1994 26 6 2 0 28
797 Mark Geyer 1993 13 2 0 0 8
798 Graham Lyons 1993-1994 33 14 0 0 56
799 1993 12 0 0 0 0
800 1993-1994 14 4 0 0 4
801 1993-1995 12 1 0 0 4
802 1993 1 0 0 0 0
803 1993 4 2 0 0 8
804 Nathan Wood 1993-1994 19 4 0 0 16
805 1993 3 0 0 0 0
806 1993 2 0 0 0 0
807 1993 1 0 0 0 0
808 Wes Patten 1993-1996 27 7 0 0 28
809 Greg Bourke 1994-1996 22 7 29 0 86
810 1994 5 0 0 0 0
811 David Ronson 1994 3 0 0 0 0
812 Hudson Smith 1994-1998 78 5 1 0 22
813 1994 2 0 0 0 0
814 Michael Gillett 1994-1999 95 18 0 1 73
815 Shane Russell 1994-1995 18 9 0 0 36
816 1994 2 0 0 0 0
817 1994 14 0 0 0 0
818 1994-1995 9 0 0 0 0
819 1994 13 0 0 0 0
820 Chris Morcombe 1994, 1999 22 9 0 0 36
821 1994-1995 10 1 0 0 4
822 Marty Moore 1994 11 4 0 0 16
823 John Bentley 1994 10 1 0 0 4
824 Des Clark 1994 13 0 0 0 0
825 1994 1 0 0 0 0
826 Grant Stuart 1994 7 2 1 0 10
827 1994 3 0 0 0 0
828 Mark O'Neill 1994-1999 102 10 0 0 40
829 Greg Barwick 1995 17 0 37 1 75
830 Gary Edwards 1995-1997 30 10 0 0 40
831 1995 10 0 0 0 0
832 Darren Senter 1995-1999 100 15 0 0 60
833 Dan Stains 1995-1996 35 0 0 0 0
834 Shane Walker 1995-1999 100 2 1 0 10
835 1995-1996 14 0 0 0 0
836 1995-1997 22 3 0 0 12
837 1995 9 1 4 0 12
838 Evan Cochrane 1995 7 4 0 0 16
839 1995 1 0 0 0 0
840 Corey Pearson 1995-1996 25 1 0 0 4
841 Michael Withers 1995-1998 40 12 45 0 138
842 1995 7 3 0 0 12
843 Dave Watson 1995 2 0 0 0 0
844 1995 27 11 0 0 44
845 Ian Herron 1996 12 3 35 0 82
846 William Kennedy 1996-1998 61 16 0 0 104
847 Glenn Morrison 1996-1997 41 7 0 0 28
848 Tim Patterson 1996 14 2 0 0 8
849 Mark Stimson 1996-1999 77 5 0 0 20
850 1996 3 0 0 0 0
851 1996-1997 6 0 0 0 0
852 1996 5 1 0 0 4
853 Adam Starr 1996-1999 41 1 0 0 4
854 Mike Dorreen 1996 10 3 0 0 12
855 1996 1 0 0 0 0
856 1996 2 0 0 0 0
857 Anthony Brann 1996 4 0 0 0 0
858 Laloa Milford 1996-1999 38 18 0 0 72
859 1997-1998 32 4 0 0 16
860 Craig Freer 1997 2 0 2 0 4
861 Adam Nable 1997-1999 57 11 0 0 44
862 1997 1 0 0 0 0
863 Josh Bostock 1997 2 1 0 0 4
864 Jason Webber 1997-1999 52 14 0 0 56
865 Steven Jolly 1997 11 1 0 0 4
866 1997-1998 10 2 0 0 8
867 Jody Rudd 1997-1998 7 0 0 0 0
868 1997-1998 7 0 0 0 0
869 1997-1998 10 0 0 0 0
870 Ben Duckworth 1998-1999 29 5 0 1 21
871 Shayne Dunley 1998-1999 28 3 0 0 12
872 Jim Gannon 1998-1999 22 0 0 0 0
873 Shannon Nevin 1998-1999 31 0 69 1 139
874 Brendan Magnus 1998-1999 10 3 0 0 12
875 Talite Liavaʻa 1998 6 0 0 0 0
876 Andrew Meads 1998-1999 12 1 0 0 4
877 1998 2 0 2 0 4
878 1998 1 0 0 0 0
879 Joel Caine 1999 19 4 38 0 92
880 John Carlaw 1999 23 7 0 0 28
881 Craig Hancock 1999 20 6 0 0 24
882 Solomon Haumono 1999 8 1 0 0 4
883 Jason Lowrie 1999 24 0 0 0 0
884 Justin Yeo 1999 10 0 0 0 0
885 Brad Smith 1999 11 1 0 0 4
886 Tyran Smith 1999 16 0 0 0 0
887 Garth Wood 1999 3 0 0 0 0
888 Troy Wozniak 1999 2 0 0 0 0
889 Craig Field 1999 17 2 1 2 12
890 Richard Villasanti 1999 6 1 0 0 4
891 James Webster 1999 9 3 0 0 12
892 Steve Price 1999 3 1 0 0 4
893 Hayes Lauder 1999 7 0 0 0 0
894 Wade Rothery 1999 7 2 0 0 8
895 Ben Galea 1999 2 0 0 0 0
896 Michael Ostini 1999 4 0 0 0 0
897 Kylie Leuluai 1999 7 0 0 0 0
898 Nick Shaw 1999 1 0 0 0 0
899 Mark Luland 1999 4 1 0 0 4
900 Luke O'Donnell 1999 3 0 0 0 0
901 1999 1 0 0 0 0

Balmain Tigers District Junior Rugby League[]

The Balmain Tigers District Junior Rugby League is one of the oldest Junior Rugby League Competitions in Australia. It administers an affiliation of junior rugby league clubs in the inner west and inner north-west of Sydney.

The league caters for age groups from under 6's to A Grade (opens). The Senior competition (Under 13's – A Grade) is a combined inner Sydney competition with the St. George, South Sydney & Eastern Suburbs District Junior Rugby League. Under 6's to Under 8's is a non-competitive competition. Under 9's to Under 12's play in a modified competition.

As of 2009, there were ten clubs in the Balmain Tigers Junior Rugby League, with over 120 teams. These clubs are;

  • Balmain PCYC (formerly known as Balmain Police Boys)
  • Carlingford Cougars (formerly known as St Gerards Carlingford)
  • Concord-Burwood United Wolves (merger of Burwood Utd & Concord Utd in the 1990s, former Western Suburbs junior clubs)
  • Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club (formerly known as St Patricks Dundas)
  • Five Dock RSL Dockers (former Western Suburbs junior club)
  • Holy Cross Rhinos (Ryde)
  • Leichhardt Juniors
  • Leichhardt Wanderers (known as Leichhardt Gladstone until the 1930s) who are the oldest continuously running junior league team in Australia – has fielded at least one team every year since 1913.
  • North Ryde Hawks
  • Strathfield Raiders
  • West Ryde-Denistone Stones
  • Enfield Federals (joined 2010, former Western Suburbs junior club)

Some extinct clubs that once played in the Balmain District junior competition include;

  • Drummoyne Sports (until the 1990s)
  • Balmain Waratahs (until the 1990s)
  • Ermington-Rydalmere (until the 1990s)
  • Glebe Police Boys (until the 1990s)
  • Balmain United (until the 1990s)
  • Cricketers Arms (until the 1990s – Darling St, Balmain – now known as Monkey Bar)
  • Sackville Sharks
  • Ryde District Devils (until the 1980s)
  • Birchgrove Scorpions (until the 1980s)
  • Gladesville Sports (until the 1980s)
  • West Ryde-Dundas
  • Rozelle Codocks (until the 1970s)
  • Pyrmont Colts (until the 1970s)
  • Glebe Shamrocks (aka St James Sports Club – until the 1970s)
  • Ryde CYO (until the 1970s)
  • Carlingford CYO (until the 1970s)
  • Balmain Airlines (until the 1970s)
  • Glebe Youth
  • Bing & Swing (Glebe, former Glebe district junior team – folded in 1930)
  • Balmain Iona (aka Rozelle Iona)
  • Drummoyne Rovers (1920s)
  • Rozelle Fernleigh (1920s)
  • Marist College Eastwood
  • OLHC Epping
  • St Augustines Balmain

Some notable Balmain juniors include;

  • Wayne Pearce (Balmain Police Boys)
  • Paul Sironen (North Ryde)
  • Benny Elias (Holy Cross)
  • Dene Halatau (North Ryde, formerly of Wentworthville)
  • Robbie Farah (Leichhardt Wanderers, formerly of Enfield Federals)
  • Bronson Harrison (Leichhardt Wanderers & Balmain PCYC)
  • Josh Lewis (Leichhardt Wanderers)
  • Kurtley Beale (North Ryde)
  • Mitchell Pearce (North Ryde)
  • Alan Thompson (North Ryde)
  • Wayne Wigham (North Ryde)
  • Mark O'Neill (North Ryde & Dundas Shamrocks)
  • Kevin Hardwick (Ryde District Devils & Ermington-Rydalmere)
  • John Davidson (Birchgrove Scorpions & Ermington-Rydalmere)
  • (North Ryde)

See also[]

  • Wests Tigers

References[]

  1. ^ Tony Collins (2006). Rugby's Great Split: Class, Culture and the Origins of Rugby League Football (2nd ed.). UK: Routledge. p. 173. ISBN 9781134221370.
  2. ^ Coady, Ben (28 September 2009). "Grand final dramas". WA Today. Australia: Fairfax Digital. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
  3. ^ Clarkson, Alan (6 August 1985). "League's popularity grows with boost in crowds". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australia: John Fairfax and Sons Ltd. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
  4. ^ MacDonald, John (29 June 1988). "Tigers sign Hanley for last Rounds". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  5. ^ Hadfield, Dave (12 December 1996). "Hetherington signs three players from Eagles". The Independent. UK: independent.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  6. ^ "NRL 1999 Round 26". Rugby League Project.
  7. ^ "Foundation club Balmain Tigers in danger of folding". www.smh.com.au.
  8. ^ "Balmain Leagues Club in financial strife with Wests Ashfield urged to take over Wests Tigers joint venture". www.abc.net.au. 31 October 2018.
  9. ^ "Tigers Five Dock closed by administrators, with venue 'not viable' enough to continue". Daily Telegraph. 9 November 2018.
  10. ^ "Balmain saved from brink of extinction with new leagues club to come". SMH. 21 March 2019.
  11. ^ "Balmain Leagues Club to enter voluntary administration".
  12. ^ https://theurbandeveloper.com/articles/approval-for-balmain-leagues-club-redevelopment-in-rozelle-
  13. ^ http://www.tigers.org.au/index.php/venues/balmain/whats-in-it-for-me/the-new-club/
  14. ^ https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/finding/residential-investment/new-developments/117097-balmain-leagues-club-site-set-for-135-million-re-development.html
  15. ^ AAP (1 May 2003). "Balmain team of the century". Sydney: CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 20 November 2009.[dead link]
  16. ^ Tigers Hall of Fame Inductees Archived 1 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine at tigers.org.au
  17. ^ Balmain Tigers Summary https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/teams/balmain-tigers/summary.html%7C
  18. ^ Warren Ryan (30 August 1989). "Why the Tigers won't be talking after Thursday". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney: John Fairfax Group. p. 76. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  19. ^ "Balls and whistles" 6 December 2005 The Sydney Morning Herald
  20. ^ Chesterton, Ray (27 July 2007). "Remembering Laurie Nichols". Daily Telegraph (Sydney). Sydney. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  21. ^ "Balls and whistles" 6 December 2005 The Sydney Morning Herald
  22. ^ Goodwin, Dorothy (26 September 1982). "Eels Premier Tip". League Souvenir. Sun-Herald, The. Retrieved 27 September 2009.[dead link]

Further reading[]

External links[]

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