Barbara Cartland

Dame Barbara Cartland DBE DStJ
Barbara Cartland (1987)
Born	Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland (1901-07-09)9 July 1901 Edgbaston, Birmingham, England
Died	21 May 2000(2000-05-21) (aged 98) Camfield Place, Hertfordshire, England
Resting place	Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	British
Period	1925–2000
Genre	Romance
Spouse	Alexander McCorquodale ​ ​ (m. 1927; div. 1933)​ Hugh McCorquodale ​ ​ (m. 1936; d. 1963)​
Children	Raine Spencer, Countess Spencer Ian Hamilton McCorquodale Glen McCorquodale
Relatives	Diana, Princess of Wales (step-granddaughter)

Dame Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland, DBE, DStJ (9 July 1901 – 21 May 2000) was an English novelist, best known as a prolific writer of historical romance, primarily specializing in pure romance tales set during the Victorian era or Edwardian period, she is one of the best-selling authors as well as one of the most commercially successful worldwide of the 20th century.

Many of her novels were made into films for television, including A Hazard of Hearts starring Helena Bonham Carter, with Christopher Plummer and Diana Rigg.^[1]

Her 723 novels were translated into 38 languages^[2] and she continues to be referenced in the Guinness World Records for the most novels published in a single year in 1977.^[3]

Cartland although best known for her romantic novels, she also wrote biographies, plays, music, verse, drama, and operetta, as well as several health and cook books and contributed to magazine articles.^[4]

She reportedly sold more than 750 million copies of her books,^[4] though other sources estimate her total sales at more than two billion.^[5] The covers of her novels featured portrait-style artwork, usually designed by Francis Marshall (1901–1980).^[6]

As head of Cartland Promotions, she became one of London's most prominent society figures. Often dressed in a pink chiffon gown, plumed hat, blonde wig, and heavy make-up, she became one of Britain's most popular media personalities.^[4]

Early life[]

Born at 31 Augustus Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, Cartland was the only daughter and eldest child of a British Army officer, Major James Bertram "Bertie" Falkner Cartland^[7] (1876–1918), and his wife, Mary Hamilton Scobell, known as "Polly" (1877–1976). Cartland had two brothers: Major Ronald Cartland, a Member of Parliament (MP) and in World War II (1907–1940), and James Anthony "Tony" Hamilton Cartland (1912–1940).

Though she was born into upper middle-class comfort, the Cartland family's finances rapidly deteriorated shortly after her birth. Cartland would later attribute this downturn to the suicide of her paternal grandfather, James Cartland, who, she stated, was a financier who shot himself in the wake of bankruptcy.^[4] However, according to the entry in the probate registry, James Cartland, the proprietor of a brass foundry, left an estate of £92,000, suggesting that Barbara Cartland's version of events is to a degree fanciful.^{[citation needed]}

This was followed soon afterwards by her father's death in Berry-au-Bac in World War I. However, Cartland's mother opened a London dry goods store to make ends meet, and to raise Cartland and her two brothers, both of whom were eventually killed in battle in 1940.^[8]

Cartland was educated at private girls' schools: The Alice Ottley School, Malvern Girls' College, and Abbey House, an educational institution in Hampshire. She became successful as a society reporter after 1922, and a writer of romantic fiction; she stated she was inspired in her early work by the novels of the Edwardian author Elinor Glyn, whom she idolised and eventually befriended.

Barbara Cartland in 1925

Marriage and relationships[]

According to an obituary published in The Daily Telegraph,^[4] Cartland reportedly broke off her first engagement, to a Guards officer, when she learned about sexual intercourse. This claim fits with her image in later life as a representative of a generation for whom such matters were never discussed, but sits uneasily with her having produced work in the 1920s which was controversial at the time for its sexual subject matter. She claimed to have declined 49 marriage proposals^[9] before marrying Captain Alexander "Sachie" George McCorquodale, on 23 April 1927, a British Army officer from Scotland and heir to a printing fortune. They divorced in 1933,^{[citation needed]} and he died from heart failure in 1964.^[4]

Their daughter, Raine McCorquodale (9 September 1929 – 21 October 2016), who Cartland later alleged was the daughter of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland, or Prince George, Duke of Kent, became "Deb of the Year" in 1947. After the McCorquodales' divorce in 1933, which involved charges and countercharges of infidelity, Cartland married her former husband's cousin, Hugh McCorquodale, on 28 December 1936. Cartland and her second husband, who died in 1963, had two sons: Ian McCorquodale (born 11 October 1937), a former Debretts publisher, and Glen McCorquodale (born 1939), a stockbroker.^[8][4]

Cartland maintained a long friendship with Lord Mountbatten of Burma, whose death in 1979 she said was the "greatest sadness of my life". Mountbatten supported Cartland in her various charitable works, particularly for United World Colleges, and even helped her write her book Love at the Helm, providing background naval and historical information. The Mountbatten Memorial Trust, established by Mountbatten's great-nephew Charles, Prince of Wales, after Mountbatten was assassinated in Ireland, was the recipient of the proceeds of this book on its release in 1980.^{[citation needed]}

When Cartland learned that young Diana Spencer loved reading her novels, Cartland began to send early copies.^[10] However, as an adult, Diana did not invite Cartland to her wedding to the Prince of Wales.^[11] Cartland was later openly critical of Diana's subsequent divorce, though the rift between them was mended shortly before Diana's fatal car crash in Paris, in 1997.^{[citation needed]} According to Tina Brown's book on the Princess, Cartland once remarked, "The only books Diana ever read were mine, and they weren't awfully good for her."^{[citation needed]}

Novels[]

After a year as a gossip columnist for the Daily Express, Cartland published her first novel, Jigsaw (1923), a risqué society thriller that became a bestseller. She also began writing and producing somewhat racy plays, one of which, Blood Money (1926), was banned by the Lord Chamberlain's Office. In the 1920s and 1930s, Cartland was a prominent young hostess in London society, noted for her beauty, energetic charm and daring parties. Her fashion sense also had a part, and she was one of the first clients of designer Norman Hartnell; she remained a client until he died in 1979. He made her presentation and wedding dresses; the latter was made to her own design against Hartnell's wishes, and she admitted it was a failure.^{[citation needed]}

In 1950, Cartland was accused of plagiarism by author Georgette Heyer, after a reader drew attention to the apparent borrowing of Heyer's character names, character traits, dialogue and plot points in Cartland's early historical romances. In particular, A Hazard of Hearts (1949), which replicated characters (including names) from Heyer's Friday's Child (1944) and The Knave of Hearts (1950) which, Heyer alleged, "the conception ... , the principal characters, and many of the incidents, derive directly from an early book of my own, entitled These Old Shades, first published in 1926. ... For minor situations and other characters she has drawn upon four of my other novels." Heyer completed a detailed analysis of the alleged plagiarisms for her solicitors, but the case never came to court.^[12]

As well as writing novels, Cartland wrote a guide to married life in the 1950s which was banned in Ireland.^[13]

Despite their tame storylines, Cartland's later novels were highly successful. By 1983, she rated the longest entry in Who's Who (though most of that article was a list of her books), and she was named the top-selling author in the world by the Guinness Book of Records.^[14] Additionally, in 1976, Cartland wrote 23 novels, earning her the Guinness World Record for the most novels written in a single year.^[15] The 1970s and 1980s were her most prolific period; she also regularly appeared on television in that era.^[16]

In 2000, her publishers estimated that since her writing career began in 1923, Cartland had produced a total of 723 titles.^{[citation needed]}

In the mid-1990s, by which time she had sold over a billion books, Vogue called Cartland "the true Queen of Romance". She became a mainstay of the popular media in her trademark pink dresses and plumed hats, discoursing on matters of love, marriage, politics, religion, health, and fashion. She was publicly opposed to the removal of prayer from state schools, and spoke against infidelity and divorce, although she admitted to being acquainted with both of these subjects.^{[citation needed]}

Contribution to aviation[]

Privately, Cartland took an interest in the early gliding movement and in 1931 created and devised a 200-mile (360 km) tow in a glider carrying mail. In 1984, she was awarded the Bishop Wright Air Industry Award for this contribution.^[17]

She regularly attended Brooklands aerodrome and motor-racing circuit during the 1920s and 30s, and the Brooklands Museum has preserved a sitting-room from that era and named it after her.

Nonfiction books[]

Cartland wrote several biographies of major figures, including Metternich: The Passionate Diplomat in 1964, The Outrageous Queen: A Biography of Christina of Sweden in 1956, The Private Life of Charles II: The Women He Loved in 1958, and Josephine, Empress of France in 1961. Her biography of Klemens von Metternich focused on his many love affairs and contained passages such as: "He was a virile, experienced and satisfying lover.... Even the most sophisticated women felt as if in his arms they learnt something they had never known before. Every woman rose with him to heights of emotional ecstasy beyond the power of expression."^[18]

Political influence[]

After the death during World War II of her brother Ronald Cartland, a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Cartland published a biography of him with a preface by the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill.

The war marked the beginning of a lifelong interest in civic welfare and politics for Cartland, who served the War Office in various charitable capacities as well as the St John Ambulance Brigade. In 1953, she was invested at Buckingham Palace as a Commander of the Order of St John of Jerusalem for her services.

In 1955, Cartland was elected a councillor on Hertfordshire County Council^[8] as a Conservative and served for nine years. During this time she campaigned successfully for nursing home reform, improvement in the salaries of midwives and the legalisation of education for the children of Romani.

Music[]

In 1978, Cartland's recording An Album of Love Songs was released through State Records, produced by Sir Norman Newell.^[19] The album featured Cartland performing a series of popular standards with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, including "I'll Follow My Secret Heart" and "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square".^[20]

Honours[]

In January 1988, Cartland received the Médaille de Vermeil de la Ville de Paris, the highest honour of the city of Paris, for publishing 25 million books in France.

In 1991, Cartland was invested by Queen Elizabeth II as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in honour of the author's almost 70 years of literary, political, and social contributions.^[21]

A waxwork of Cartland was on display at Madame Tussauds, though according to her son Ian, Cartland was displeased because it was not "pretty enough".^{[citation needed]}

She was the subject of This Is Your Life on two occasions, in March 1958 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Television Theatre,^[22] and in December 1989, when Michael Aspel surprised her at Elstree Studios.^[23]

Interviews in later life[]

Dame Barbara Cartland (aged 98), with reporter Randy Bryan Bigham, in one of her last publicity photos, 2000

Cartland's physical and mental health, particularly eyesight, began to fail in her mid-90s,^{[citation needed]} but she remained a favourite with the press, granting interviews to international news agencies even during the final months of her life.^{[citation needed]}

Death and legacy[]

Cartland died in her sleep, on 21 May 2000,^[24] seven weeks before her 99th birthday, at her residence, Camfield Place, near Hatfield, Hertfordshire. She had been suffering from ill health and dementia for six months beforehand, and was subsequently bedridden and sequestered. Both of her sons, Ian and Glen McCorquodale, were present at her bedside when she died. Shortly afterwards, Cartland's daughter from her first marriage, Raine, travelled to the family home.^[25]

After originally deciding she would like to be buried in her local parish church, featuring a coffin of marble construction, covered in angels, this was later changed; Cartland was buried in a cardboard coffin, because of her concerns for environmental issues.^[26] She was interred at her private estate in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, under an oak that had been planted by Queen Elizabeth I.^[27] Cartland left a gross estate of £1,139,123, but following debts and liabilities, the net sum was nil. She had once admitted: "I have no idea what I make...Occasionally I ask, ‘Are we in debt?’ We always are."^[27]

Posthumous publications[]

Cartland left behind a series of 160 unpublished novels, known as the Barbara Cartland Pink Collection. These are being published in ebook format by her son Ian McCorquodale; each month, a new novel is published from the collection.^[28]

In 2010, to mark the 10th anniversary of her death, Cartland's first novel, Jig-Saw (first published in 1925), was reprinted.^[29]

"As a tribute to Her Majesty the Queen on her Diamond Jubilee and to Barbara’s enduring appeal to romantics everywhere, her publishers have re-released her catalogue collection, entitled – "The Eternal Collection". This collection, released beginning in November 2013, includes some novels published at the time Queen Elizabeth II ascended to the throne in 1952.^[30][31]

In addition, her collections of ebooks are available in Spanish, Italian, German and Dutch.

Feature films[]

BBC Four aired a biopic drama film, titled In Love with Barbara (26 October 2008), starring Anne Reid as Cartland and David Warner as Lord Mountbatten. The film was written by Jacquetta May.

Her last project was to be filmed and interviewed for her life story (directed by Steven Glen for Blue Melon Films). The documentary, Virgins and Heroes, includes early home ciné footage and Dame Barbara launching her website with pink computers, in early 2000.^[32]

Archives[]

• Some papers of Barbara Cartland are held at The Women's Library at the Library of the London School of Economics, ref 7BCA

References[]

External links[]

• Media related to Barbara Cartland at Wikimedia Commons
• Quotations related to Barbara Cartland at Wikiquote
• Official website
• Barbara Cartland at IMDb 
• Interview with Barbara Cartland's son, who describes how she worked
• Barbara Cartland's appearance on This Is Your Life