Bargate stone

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Church of St Mary and All Saints, Dunsfold

Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone. It owes its yellow, butter or honey colouring to a high iron content.[1] In some contexts it may be considered to be a form of ironstone[citation needed]. However, in the context of stone buildings local to the extraction of Bargate Stone, the term 'ironstone' is often used to refer to a darker stone, also extracted from the Greensand, which rusts to a brown colour.[2]

Sources[]

This stone was quarried for centuries in the Bargate Member of the Greensand Ridge, particularly where it is widest in south west Surrey, England. It occurs near the surface and was quarried in the hillsides near Godalming. Medieval quarries are still visible in Godalming, at the foot of Holloway Hill.[3]

Bargate stone is rare in current use due to its short supply.[4] Bath stone, Yorkstone and other similar coloured stone is sometimes used as alternatives, or to complement it[citation needed].

Petrography[]

Bargate stone is typically a mix of sandy bioclastic limestone and bioclastic standstone. The intergranular cements comprise ferroan carbonate.[5]

Use[]

Bargate Stone is found in many buildings in Surrey, approximately 250 of which are listed, and in two churches in London.[6] It is endemic to older buildings near the Greensand Ridge where it is found. Its 20th century use tended towards coursed use of Bargate sandstone with bricks, or concrete, sometimes with ashlar dressings or mortar rendering.[7]

Examples[]

Early medieval[]

Guildford Castle keep
  • The Keep at Guildford Castle.[8] It was a credit to the strength of Bargate that it was chosen for the main structure, standing on top of the natural chalk and Bargate stone bedrock, made it available by quarrying in the locality.
  • Godalming Parish Church, Grade I listed assisted by Saxon features.
  • Church of St. Mary and All Saints, Dunsfold
  • St Nicholas's Church Compton, Guildford (Bargate rubble used, mortar-rendered)[9]
  • Church of St. Mary the Virgin (12th century tower only), Oxted in Tandridge District, east Surrey[10]
  • St Mary's Church, (relevantly mostly in clunch from its own Quarry Street) Guildford[11]
  • St James's Church, Abinger[12][n 1]
  • All Saints Church, Witley, Surrey[13]

16th Century[]

Tillingbourne Cottage, Wotton, Surrey[14]

17th Century[]

Cosford Mill, Thursley[15]

18th Century[]

The tower on the top of Leith Hill

19th Century[]

20th Century[]

See also[]

Notes and references[]

Notes
  1. ^ Tower parapet only
  2. ^ By Joseph Peacock
  3. ^ By Sir Edwin Lutyens
  4. ^ by architect Benjamin Ferrey - Bargate here described not as sandstone but ragstone
  5. ^ By Lutyens
  6. ^ By Lutyens
  7. ^ By Henry Woodyer as architect's home, now school
  8. ^ By Henry Woodyer, formerly a church
  9. ^ William Bassett Smith and Thomas Graham Jackson
  10. ^ By J D Coleridge, for Robert EA Murray and later for Sir John Jarvis
  11. ^ Mostly made of
  12. ^ By Frederick Walters, dressings in Bath stone, many religious reredos including angels and the Virgin Mary
References
  1. ^ https://www.guildfordsociety.org.uk/Bargate_Stone.html
  2. ^ https://www.spelthorne.gov.uk/media/2310/Repair-and-Maintenance-of-Stone-Buildings/pdf/advisory_leaflet_9_repair_and_maintenance_of_stone_buildings.pdf
  3. ^ https://www.guildfordsociety.org.uk/Bargate_Stone.html
  4. ^ https://www.spelthorne.gov.uk/media/2310/Repair-and-Maintenance-of-Stone-Buildings/pdf/advisory_leaflet_9_repair_and_maintenance_of_stone_buildings.pdf
  5. ^ http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11879/1/lott_cameron.pdf
  6. ^ Advanced Search by text 'Bargate' less Bargate Farmhouse and Street/Lane/Bargate meaning road
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Pinewoods Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1192323)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  8. ^ The Castle Keep, Castle Hill (Guildford) Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377881)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  9. ^ St Nicholas's Church, Compton Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1188621)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  10. ^ Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxted Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1189608)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  11. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377918)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  12. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1378082)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  13. ^ All Saints, Witley Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1260732)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  14. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1378102)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  15. ^ Cosford Mill Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1241732)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  16. ^ Leith Hill Tower Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1028808)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  17. ^ St Catherine's 'School' Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377893)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  18. ^ St Stephen's Church, Kensington Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1293603)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  19. ^ St Nicholas's Church, Guildford Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1029291)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  20. ^ St Michaels Church, Camberley Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1030037)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  21. ^ Charterhouse School, Main Building Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1190288)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
    Charterhouse School, Old Museum House Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1190406)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  22. ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1235247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  23. ^ St Stephen's Church Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1235247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  24. ^ Munstead Wood Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1261159)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  25. ^ Chinthurst Hill Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1260635)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  26. ^ Grafham GrangeHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1249489)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  27. ^ St James' CourtHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1378283)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  28. ^ St John's Church, CaterhamHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1294940)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  29. ^ Pergola Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1000302)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  30. ^ Hascombe Court Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1384634)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  31. ^ War memorial platform, Bramshott Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1392394)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  32. ^ Pergola Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1391327)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  33. ^ Orchards (park and garden) Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1001174)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
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