Bathytoma
Bathytoma Temporal range:
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Shell of Bathytoma luehdorfi (Lischke, 1872) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
Order: | Neogastropoda |
Superfamily: | Conoidea |
Family: | Borsoniidae |
Genus: | Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891 [1] |
Type species | |
Murex cataphracta Brocchi, G.B., 1814
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Synonyms[2] | |
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Bathytoma is a genus of deep-water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Borsoniidae.[2]
Fossil records[]
This genus is known in the fossil records from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata throughout the world.[3]
Distribution[]
This marine species occurs in the Eastern Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa); off Indonesia, New Caledonia, Panglao Island, Sulu Sea, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Bohol, Kerala, New Zealand, Philippines, Sea of Japan; off Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia). They are all known from deep waters from 100 m to about 1500 m, but usually at 200–700 m.
Description[]
The lines of specific distinction appear to be drawn narrowly in this genus and to depend chiefly upon sculpture. The novelty appears intimately related to Bathytoma engonia (Watson, 1881) [4] differing by the sharper keel, more elevated tubercles and generally coarser sculpture.[5]
The biconical or fusiform shell is medium-sized to rather large. Its periphery is smooth or nodose, angulate or keeled. The peripheral anal sinus is deep. The columella is somewhat swollen, sometimes showing a pleat. The paucispiral protoconch consists of 1 to 3 conical or globose whorls, smooth or with faint spiral striae. The operculum has a broadly oblanceolate to ovate shape, with an eccentric to terminal nucleus. The ground color of the shell is white to yellowish-brown.[6]
Their protoconch morphology seems to infer a non-planktotrophic larval development.[7]
Species[]
Species within the genus Bathytoma include:[2][3]
- Bathytoma agnata Hedley & Petterd, 1906
- Bathytoma arbucklei Kilburn, 1986
- Bathytoma atractoides (Watson, 1881)
- Bathytoma badifasciata Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- † Bathytoma bartrumi Laws, 1939
- Bathytoma belaeformis (Sowerby III, 1903)
- Bathytoma bitorquata (Martens, 1901)
- Bathytoma boholica Parth, 1994
- Bathytoma carnicolor Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- † Bathytoma cataphracta Brocchi 1814
- Bathytoma consors Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- † Bathytoma coweorum Beu, 1970
- Bathytoma cranaos Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- † Bathytoma discors Powell, 1942
- Bathytoma engonia (Watson, 1881)
- Bathytoma episoma Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- † Bathytoma filaris (Marwick, 1931)
- † Bathytoma finlayi Laws, 1939
- Bathytoma fissa (Martens, 1901)
- Bathytoma formosensis Vera-Pelaez, 2004
- † Bathytoma fortinodosa (Marwick, 1931)
- Bathytoma gabrielae Bozzetti, 2006
- Bathytoma gordonlarki Tucker & Olivera, 2011
- † Bathytoma haasti Hutton 1877
- † Bathytoma hawera (Laws, 1940)
- Bathytoma hecatorgnia (Verco, 1907)
- Bathytoma hedlandensis Tippett & Kosuge, 1994
- Bathytoma helenae Kilburn, 1974
- † Bathytoma hokianga Laws, 1947
- Bathytoma lacertosus (Hedley, 1922)
- Bathytoma luehdorfi (Lischke, 1872)
- † Bathytoma media (Marwick, 1931)
- † Bathytoma mitchelsoni Powell, 1935
- Bathytoma mitrella (Dall, 1881)
- Bathytoma murdochi Finlay, 1930
- Bathytoma neocaledonica Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- Bathytoma netrion Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- † Bathytoma ngatapa (Marwick, 1931)
- † Bathytoma nonplicata
- Bathytoma oldhami (Smith E. A., 1899)
- † Bathytoma pacifica Squires 2001
- Bathytoma paratractoides Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- Bathytoma parengonia (Dell, 1956)
- † Bathytoma paucispiralis (Powell, 1942)
- † Bathytoma pergracilis (Marwick, 1931)
- † Bathytoma praecisa (Marwick, 1931)
- † Bathytoma prior (Vella, 1954)
- † Bathytoma proavita (Powell, 1942)
- Bathytoma prodicia Kilburn, 1986
- Bathytoma profundis (Laseron, 1954)
- Bathytoma punicea Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- Bathytoma regnans Melvill, 1918
- Bathytoma solomonensis Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- Bathytoma somalica Ardovini, 2015
- Bathytoma stenos Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010
- † Bathytoma tenuineta (Marwick, 1931)
- Bathytoma tippetti Vera-Peláez, 2004
- Bathytoma tuckeri Vera-Peláez, 2004
- Bathytoma viabrunnea (Dall, 1889)
- Bathytoma virgo (Okutani, 1966)
- Bathytoma visagei Kilburn, 1973
- † Bathytoma wairarapaensis Vella, 1954
- Species brought into synonymy
- Bathytoma biconica Hedley, 1903: synonym of Benthofascis biconica (Hedley, 1903)
- Bathytoma colorata Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001: synonym of Gemmuloborsonia colorata (Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001)
- † Bathytoma condonana F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914: synonym of Megasurcula condonana (F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914)
- † Bathytoma excavata Suter, 1917: synonym of † (Suter, 1917)
- Bathytoma sulcata excavata Suter, 1917 synonym of † (Suter, 1917)
- Bathytoma gratiosa Suter, 1908: synonym of Fenestrosyrinx gratiosa (Suter, 1908), synonym of Taranis gratiosa (Suter, 1908)
- Bathytoma sarcinula Hedley, 1905: synonym of Benthofascis sarcinula (Hedley, 1905)
- Bathytoma tremperiana (Dall, 1911): synonym of Megasurcula tremperiana (Dall, 1911)
- Bathytoma tremperiana Dall, 1911: synonym of Megasurcula carpenteriana (Gabb, 1865)
- Subgenus Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) Shuto, 1961 represented as Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891
- Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) helenae Kilburn, 1974 represented as Bathytoma helenae Kilburn, 1974
- Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) visagei Kilburn, 1973 represented as Bathytoma visagei Kilburn, 1973
References[]
- ^ Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
- ^ a b c Bathytoma Harris & Burrows, 1891. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 August 2011.
- ^ a b Fossilworks
- ^ Watson — Journal Linnean Society, xv., 1881, p. 405
- ^ Hedley, C. & Petterd, W.P. 1906. Mollusca from three hundred fathoms, off Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 6: 211-225
- ^ Kilburn R.N. (1986). Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 3. Subfamily Borsoniinae. Annals of the Natal Museum. 27: 633-720 page(s): 639, figs 28-29, 33-34
- ^ Nicolas Puillandre, Alexander V. Sysoev, Baldomero M. Olivera, Arnaud Coulouxd & Philippe Bouchet, Loss of planktotrophy and speciation: geographical fragmentation in the deep-water gastropod genus Bathytoma (Gastropoda, Conoidea) in the western Pacific; Systematics and Biodiversity Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010 DOI:10.1080/14772001003748709
- Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113
- Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bathytoma. |
- Bathytoma
- Extant Thanetian first appearances