Battle of Civetot

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Battle of Civetot
Part of the People's Crusade
PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg
Medieval illuminated manuscript showing Peter the Hermit's People's Crusade of 1096
Date21 October 1096
Location
Nikea
40°25′54.001″N 29°9′22.000″E / 40.43166694°N 29.15611111°E / 40.43166694; 29.15611111Coordinates: 40°25′54.001″N 29°9′22.000″E / 40.43166694°N 29.15611111°E / 40.43166694; 29.15611111
Result

Seljuk Turks victory

  • End of the People's Crusade
Belligerents
Sultanate of Rum Crusading Peasants
Commanders and leaders
Kilij Arslan I Walter Sans-Avoir †
Geoffrei Burel
Strength
20,000[1] to 60,000[2]
Casualties and losses
unknown most of the army
Battle of Civetot is located in Turkey
Battle of Civetot
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Location within Turkey

The Battle of Civetot in 1096 brought an end to the People's Crusade,[3] which was a poorly-armed movement of lower-class pilgrims of the First Crusade distinct from the subsequent and much more well-known Princes' Crusade.

Background[]

After the disastrous defeat for the Crusaders in the siege of Xerigordos, two Turkish spies spread a rumor that the German element of the People's Crusade, which had taken Xerigordon, had also taken Nicaea. This had the effect of causing excitement among the main camp of Crusaders to share in the looting of the city as soon as possible. The Turks were waiting on the road to Nicaea. Peter the Hermit, the nominal leader of the Crusade, had gone back to Constantinople to arrange for supplies and was due back soon, and most of the leaders argued to wait for him to return (which he never did). However, Geoffrey Burel, who had taken command, argued that it would be cowardly to wait, and they should move against the Turks right away.[1] His will prevailed and, on the morning of October 21, the entire army of over 20,000 marched out toward Nicaea, leaving women, children, the old and the sick behind at the camp.[1]

Battle and aftermath[]

Three miles from the camp, where the road entered a narrow, wooded valley near the village of Dracon, the Turkish army of Kilij Arslan I was waiting. When approaching the valley, the crusaders marched noisily and were immediately subjected to a hail of arrows.[1] Panic set in immediately and within minutes, the army was in full rout back to the camp. Most of the crusaders were slaughtered (upwards of 60,000 by some accounts[4]); however, women, children, and those who surrendered were spared. One of the leaders of the crusade, the knight Walter Sans Avoir, was killed in the thick of the action.[5]Three thousand, including Geoffrey Burel, were able to obtain refuge in an abandoned castle.[1]: 132  Eventually the Byzantines under Constantine Katakalon sailed over and raised the siege;[6] these few thousand returned to Constantinople, the only survivors of the People's Crusade.

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780521347709. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  2. ^ Kostick, Conor (2008). The Social Structure of the First Crusade (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 109. ISBN 9789004166653. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  3. ^ Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 194. ISBN 9780203644669. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  4. ^ Kostick, Conor (2008). The Social Structure of the First Crusade (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 109. ISBN 9789004166653. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  5. ^ Edgington, Susan B.; Albert of Aachen (2007). Historia Ierosolimitana, Oxford University Press. pp. 41. ISBN 0-19-920486-1. "There died Walter Sansavoir, pierced by seven arrows through his hauberk and breast."
  6. ^ Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
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