Battle of Jellinge Heath

The Battle of Jelling
Part of The Danish Civil War
Date 1131 Location Jelling, Denmark Result Party of Niels-Magnus victory All of Jutland subjugated
Belligerents
The Eric Ericson party	The Niels-Magnus party
Commanders and leaders
Eric II of Denmark	Niels I of Denmark
Strength
~3000-5000	~1500-3000
Casualties and losses
~500-1000	minor losses

The battle of Jellinge Heath took place late in the year 1131 near the town of Jelling, on the Jutland peninsula.

A Zealandic and south Jutlandic army led by Eric II of Denmark fought a north Jutlandic army under King Niels I of Denmark. Niels defeated the army of Eric and preceded to subjugate the Duchy of Southern Jutland, the duchy of Eric's late brother.

Background[]

After the murder of Canute Lavard in Haraldsted forest, Magnus the Strong was presumed the murderer and likely fled to Germany. This all but confirmed his guilt to Eric, who demanded retribution from King Niels, when Niels denied his demand, Eric gathered his forces and sailed for presumably Schleswig where he combined forces with those of Southern Jutland and marched north towards Jelling,^[1] the so-called baptismal certificate of Denmark. Magnus the Strong had given concessions to the Holy Roman Empire, such as making the Archdiocese of Bremen-Hamburg suzerain of the Scandinavian church. But he had the emperors support, this essentially confirmed his claim on the danish throne even though Eric is the closest relative of the late Eric the Good.^[2]

The battle[]

Eric set up camp not far from Jelling, as he received the bishop of Ribe, he insisted that a peaceful solution could still be met, on this Eric gave the bishop reason and instead of taking Jelling he remained encamped until a solution had been made. Saxo Grammaticus writes "He first went to Jutland with the warriors he had summoned to command. As he advanced in an organized military way, Bishop Thord of Ribe met him, and in false and cunning words he assured him that the king was quite innocent, and promised that in future he would certainly keep his oath."^[3] Eric encamped on the heath not far from Jellinge. For his naivety Eric would face a severe lesson, as he was encamped at Jelling not within Jelling, where his enemies would have to besiege his force. The scouts of King Niels informed him of Erics positioning, Niels rallied his men and assaulted the unsuspecting forces of Eric. The fighting did not last long as Eric's men were routed and he was forced to flee Jutland with his tail between his legs.^[3]

Aftermath[]

Eric lost his hold on the Jutland peninsula, and Schleswig together with the rest of Southern Jutland fell into the hands of Niels and his son. Eric was humiliated, and even though much of the country supported his claim, he would be unable to regain his footing in Jutland for the rest of the war. Eric stopped any legal pretensions regarding the death of his brother, Eric would retreat to Zealand and be crowned king, the Danish civil war had officially begun.^[1]

Sources[]

Grammaticus, Saxo (1898). Gesta Danorum. Copenhagen: A. Christiansens Kunstforlag