Bedfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)

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Bedfordshire
Former County constituency
for the House of Commons
1290–1885
Number of memberstwo
Replaced byBiggleswade and Luton

Bedfordshire was a United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency, which elected two Members of Parliament from 1295 until 1885, when it was divided into two constituencies under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.

History[]

The constituency consisted of the historic county of Bedfordshire. (Although Bedfordshire contained the borough of Bedford, which elected two MPs in its own right, this was not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the borough could confer a vote at the county election.)

As in other county constituencies the franchise between 1430 and 1832 was defined by the Forty Shilling Freeholder Act, which gave the right to vote to every man who possessed freehold property within the county valued at £2 or more per year for the purposes of land tax; it was not necessary for the freeholder to occupy his land, nor even in later years to be resident in the county at all.

At the time of the Great Reform Act in 1832, Bedfordshire had a population of approximately 95,000, but under 4,000 votes were cast at the election of 1826, and under 3,000 in election of 1830, even though each voter could cast two votes. Although local landowners could never control a county the size of Bedfordshire in the way they could own a pocket borough, titled magnates still exercised considerable influence over deferential county voters, and the Duke of Bedford was regarded as the hereditary "patron" of the constituency.

Elections were held at a single polling place, Bedford, and voters from the rest of the county had to travel to the county town to exercise their franchise. In many other counties this could make the cost of a contested election prohibitive, since it was normal for voters to expect the candidates for whom they voted to meet their expenses in travelling to the poll; but this was less of a factor in a small county like Bedfordshire, and contested elections were not uncommon.

Under the terms of the Great Reform Act of 1832, the county franchise was extended to occupiers of land worth £50 or more, as well as the forty-shilling freeholders, but Bedfordshire was otherwise left unchanged. Under the new rules, 3,966 were registered and entitled to vote at the general election of 1832. While Bedford remained the place of election, where nominations were taken and the result declared, polling also took place at Luton, Leighton Buzzard, Ampthill, Biggleswade and Sharnbrook.

Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the constituency was abolished and the county divided into two single-member county constituencies, Biggleswade and Luton.

Members of Parliament[]

MPs 1290-1640 — MPs 1640-1885 — Elections — See also — Notes

MPs 1290–1640[]

  • Constituency created (1290)
Parliament First member Second member
Parliament of 1295 Sir David Flitwick[1]
Parliament of 1313 (Jul) Peter de Loring David Flitwick, K.B.[1]
Parliament of 1313 (Sep) Sir Peter de Loring Sir David Flitwick, K.B.[1]
Parliament of 1316
Good Parliament (1376)
Parliament of Jan 1377 Sir Gerard Braybrooke I
Parliament of 1379
Parliament of 1381
Parliament of 1385
Parliament of 1386
Parliament of Feb 1388 Sir Gerard Braybrooke II
Parliament of Sep 1388
Parliament of Jan 1390
Parliament of Nov 1390 Sir Gerard Braybrooke I
Parliament of 1391
Parliament of 1393
Parliament of 1394
Parliament of 1395
Parliament of Jan 1397
Parliament of Sep 1397 Sir
Parliament of 1399 Sir Gerard Braybrooke II Sir Roger Beauchamp
Parliament of 1401 Sir
Parliament of 1402
Parliament of Jan 1404
Parliament of Oct 1404
Parliament of 1406
Parliament of 1407
Parliament of 1409 Returns lost
Parliament of 1411 Returns lost
Parliament of May 1413 Thomas Waweton
Parliament of Apr 1414
Parliament of Nov 1414 John Enderby Roger Hunt
Parliament of Mar 1416
Parliament of 1417
Parliament of 1419 John Enderby Sir Thomas Waweton
Parliament of 1420 Roger Hunt
Parliament of May 1421 Thomas Mordaunt
Parliament of Dec 1421 Thomas Manningham
Parliament of 1424 Sir Thomas Waweton
Parliament of 1431
Parliament of 1433 John Wenlock
Parliament of 1436
Parliament of 1437
Parliament of 1439
Parliament of 1455 Sir John Wenlock
Parliament of 1529 Sir William Gascoigne George Acworth (died 1532)
Sir John St John
Parliament of 1536
Parliament of 1539 Sir John St John John Gostwick
Parliament of 1542
Parliament of 1545 John Gostwick, died 1545
Parliament of 1547–1552 Oliver St John
Parliament of March 1553
Parliament of October 1553 Sir John Mordaunt
Parliament of 1554
Parliament of 1554-1555
Parliament of 1555
Parliament of 1558
Parliament of 1559 Thomas Pigott
Parliament of 1563–1567 Hon. John St John Lewis Mordaunt
Parliament of 1571 George Rotheram Thomas Snagge
Parliament of 1572–1583 Sir Henry Cheyne (1572 - created a peer)
John Thomson (1572-1583)
Parliament of 1584–1585
Parliament of 1586–1587 Thomas Snagge
Parliament of 1588–1589 Hon. Oliver St John Edward Radclyffe
Parliament of 1593 George Rotheram
Parliament of 1597–1598 Sir Edward Radclyffe
Parliament of 1601 Hon. Oliver St John
Parliament of 1604–1611
Addled Parliament (1614) Sir Henry Grey Sir Oliver Luke
Parliament of 1621-1622 Sir Beauchamp St John
Happy Parliament (1624-1625) Oliver St John
Useless Parliament (1625)
Parliament of 1625-1626
Parliament of 1628-1629 Oliver St John
No Parliament summoned 1629-1640

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MPs 1640–1885[]

Year First member First party Second member Second party
April 1640 The Lord Wentworth[2] Royalist Sir Oliver Luke Parliamentarian
1641 Roger Burgoyne Parliamentarian
December 1648 Burgoyne and Luke excluded in Pride's Purge - both seats vacant
1653
Representation increased to five members in First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
Year First member Second member Third member Fourth member Fifth member
1654 Sir William Boteler Edmund Wingate
1656
Representation reverted to two members in Third Protectorate Parliament
Year First member First party Second member Second party
January 1659 Colonel John Okey
May 1659 Not represented in the restored Rump
Lord Bruce of Whorlton Samuel Browne
10 April 1661 Sir Humphrey Winch, 1st Bt
2 May 1664 Sir John Napier, 4th Bt
18 February 1679 Lord Russell Whig
1 September 1679
14 February 1681
10 March 1685
11 January 1689 Lord Edward Russell Whig Whig
27 February 1690
2 November 1695 Whig
20 July 1698 Whig
c. January 1701
11 December 1701
22 July 1702
23 May 1705 Sir Pynsent Chernock, 3rd Bt Tory
19 May 1708 Lord Edward Russell Whig
5 October 1710
2 September 1713 Sir Pynsent Chernock, 3rd Bt Tory Tory
16 February 1715 Whig
19 July 1715 [3] Whig
4 April 1722 Hon. Charles Leigh Tory Sir Rowland Alston, 4th Bt Whig
1 September 1727 Hon. Pattee Byng
16 February 1733 Charles Leigh Tory
24 April 1734 Hon. John Spencer[4]
26 February 1735 Sir Roger Burgoyne, 6th Bt Whig
18 May 1741 Tory
6 July 1747 Sir Danvers Osborn, 3rd Bt Tory[5] Thomas Alston[6] Tory[5]
5 December 1753 The Earl of Upper Ossory Whig[5]
24 April 1754
13 December 1758 Henry Osborn Tory[5]
1 April 1761 Marquess of Tavistock Whig[5] Robert Henley-Ongley[7] Tory[5]
7 April 1767 The Earl of Upper Ossory Whig[5]
28 March 1768
21 October 1774
27 September 1780 Hon. St Andrew St John Whig[5]
19 April 1784
1 July 1784 The Lord Ongley[8] Tory[5]
19 May 1785 Hon. St Andrew St John[9] Whig[5]
28 June 1790
15 September 1794 John Osborn Tory[5]
31 May 1796
10 July 1802
5 July 1806 Francis Pym Whig[5]
11 May 1807 Hon. Richard FitzPatrick Whig[5]
14 October 1812 Marquess of Tavistock Whig
23 June 1818 Sir John Osborn, 5th Bt Tory[5]
21 March 1820 Francis Pym Whig[5]
15 June 1826 Tory[5]
9 August 1830 William Stuart Tory[5]
5 May 1831 Whig[5]
1832 Lord Charles Russell Whig[5][10][11] William Stuart Tory[5]
1834 Conservative[5]
1835 Viscount Alford Conservative[5]
1841 William Astell Conservative[5]
Lord Charles Russell Whig[5][10][11]
August 1847 Francis Russell Whig[12][13]
Sir Richard Gilpin, 1st Bt[14] Conservative
1859 Liberal
1872 Francis Bassett Liberal
1875 Marquess of Tavistock Liberal
1880 James Howard Liberal
1885 constituency divided: see Luton and Biggleswade

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Elections[]

1810s — 1820s — 1830s — 1840s — 1850s — 1860s — 1870s — 1880s — See also — Notes

Elections in the 1800s[]

[15]

General election 1807: Bedfordshire[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Francis Pym 1,138 34.6
Whig Hon. Richard FitzPatrick 1,084 32.9
Tory John Osborn 1,069 32.5
Majority 15 0.4
Registered electors c. 2,000
Whig hold
Whig gain from Tory

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Elections in the 1810s[]

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Elections in the 1820s[]

General election 1820: Bedfordshire[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Marquess of Tavistock 1,458 36.6 N/A
Whig Francis Pym 1,308 32.9 N/A
Tory Sir John Osborn, 5th Bt 1,214 30.5 N/A
Majority 94 2.4 N/A
Turnout 3,980 N/A
Registered electors c. 2,800
Whig hold
Whig gain from Tory
General election 1826: Bedfordshire[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Thomas Potter Macqueen 1,515 39.6 +9.1
Whig Marquess of Tavistock 1,273 33.3 −3.3
Whig Francis Pym 1,040 27.2 −5.7
Majority 233 6.1 +3.7
Turnout 2,546 c.90.9
Registered electors c. 2,800
Tory gain from Whig Swing +7.4
Whig hold Swing −6.2

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Elections in the 1830s[]

General election 1830: Bedfordshire[5][16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Francis Russell Unopposed
Tory William Stuart Unopposed
Registered electors c. 2,800
Whig hold
Tory hold
General election 1831: Bedfordshire[16][5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Francis Russell 1,137 39.2
Whig Peter Payne (MP) 1,073 37.0
Tory William Stuart 690 23.8
Majority 383 13.2
Turnout c. 1,450 c. 51.8
Registered electors c. 2,800
Whig hold
Whig gain from Tory
General election 1832: Bedfordshire[17][18][5]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Charles Russell 1,937 34.8 −4.4
Tory William Stuart 1,871 33.6 +9.8
Whig Peter Payne (MP) 1,756 31.6 −5.4
Turnout 3,478 87.7 c. +35.9
Registered electors 3,966
Majority 66 1.2 −12.0
Whig hold Swing −4.7
Majority 115 2.0 N/A
Tory gain from Whig Swing +9.8
General election 1835: Bedfordshire[18][5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Charles Russell Unopposed
Conservative John Egerton Unopposed
Registered electors 4,015
Whig hold
Conservative hold
General election 1837: Bedfordshire[18][5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Whig Charles Russell Unopposed
Conservative John Egerton Unopposed
Registered electors 4,134
Whig hold
Conservative hold

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Elections in the 1840s[]

General election 1841: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Astell Unopposed
Conservative John Egerton Unopposed
Registered electors 4,333
Conservative hold
Conservative gain from Whig

Astell's death caused a by-election.

: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Charles Russell Unopposed
Whig gain from Conservative
General election 1847: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Egerton Unopposed
Whig Francis Russell Unopposed
Registered electors 4,339
Conservative hold
Whig gain from Conservative

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Elections in the 1850s[]

Egerton's death caused a by-election.

: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Richard Gilpin 1,562 73.7 N/A
Radical John Houghton[19][20] 558 26.3 N/A
Majority 1,004 47.4 N/A
Turnout 2,120 52.1 N/A
Registered electors 4,071
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General election 1852: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Francis Russell Unopposed
Conservative Richard Gilpin Unopposed
Registered electors 4,513
Whig hold
Conservative hold
General election 1857: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Francis Russell 1,564 28.3 N/A
Conservative Richard Gilpin 1,374 24.9 N/A
Whig William Bartholomew Higgins[21] 1,343 24.3 N/A
Conservative William Stuart 1,246 22.5 N/A
Turnout 2,764 (est) 65.3 (est) N/A
Registered electors 4,231
Majority 190 3.4 N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
Majority 31 0.6 N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General election 1859: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Richard Gilpin 2,027 37.2 −10.2
Liberal Francis Russell 1,837 33.7 +5.4
Liberal William Bartholomew Higgins 1,583 29.1 +4.8
Majority 190 3.5 +2.9
Turnout 3,737 (est) 79.5 (est) +14.2
Registered electors 4,701
Conservative hold Swing −10.2
Liberal hold Swing +5.3

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Elections in the 1860s[]

General election 1865: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Francis Russell Unopposed
Conservative Richard Gilpin Unopposed
Registered electors 4,845
Liberal hold
Conservative hold
General election 1868: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Francis Russell Unopposed
Conservative Richard Gilpin Unopposed
Registered electors 6,680
Liberal hold
Conservative hold

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Elections in the 1870s[]

Russell succeeded to the peerage, becoming Duke of Bedford and causing a by-election.

By-election, 27 Jun 1872: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Francis Bassett 2,450 52.1 N/A
Conservative William Stuart 2,250 47.9 N/A
Majority 200 4.2 N/A
Turnout 4,700 71.4 N/A
Registered electors 6,580
Liberal hold
General election 1874: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Francis Bassett Unopposed
Conservative Richard Gilpin Unopposed
Registered electors 6,874
Liberal hold
Conservative hold

Bassett's resignation caused a by-election.

By-election, 28 Apr 1875: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal George Russell Unopposed
Liberal hold

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Elections in the 1880s[]

General election 1880: Bedfordshire[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal James Howard 3,143 36.0 N/A
Liberal George Russell 3,088 35.4 N/A
Conservative William Stuart 2,500 28.6 N/A
Majority 588 6.8 N/A
Turnout 5,643 (est) 79.1 (est) N/A
Registered electors 7,133
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing N/A

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See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b c Members of Parliament 1213-1702 (hardback), London: House of Commons, 1878
  2. ^ Wentworth was summoned to the House of Lords in his father's barony, by writ of acceleration, before the Long Parliament had met for the first time
  3. ^ Declared elected and Harvey unseated on petition
  4. ^ Chose to sit for Woodstock
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  6. ^ Succeeded as 5th baronet in 1759
  7. ^ Created Lord Ongley in 1776
  8. ^ Declared elected and St John unseated on petition
  9. ^ Declared elected and Ongley unseated on petition
  10. ^ a b "General Election". Worcester Herald. 22 December 1832. p. 2. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. ^ a b The Protestant elector. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ "To Correspondents". Illustrated London News. 14 August 1847. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  13. ^ "Bell's Weekly Messenger". 17 July 1847. p. 5. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  14. ^ Sir Richard Gilpin: Obituary in The Times, Monday, 10 Apr 1882; pg. 7; Issue 30477; col F: Died "on Saturday", No issue, Baronetcy extinct.
  15. ^ a b Thorne, R. (ed.). "Bedfordshire - 1790-1820". History of Parliament Online. Boydell and Brewer. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d Fisher, D.R. (ed.). "Bedfordshire - 1820-1832". History of Parliament Online. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  17. ^ "Bedfordshire PCon through time". Political Life Statistics. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 351–352. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  19. ^ "Latest News". Chester Chronicle. 22 February 1851. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ "Lancaster Gazette". 22 February 1851. p. 8. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ "Bedfordshire Times and Independent". 7 May 1859. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

References[]

  • Beatson, Robert (1807). A chronological register of both houses of the British Parliament, Volume II.
  • D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • John Cannon, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [1]
  • F W S Craig, "British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885" (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
  • Robert H O'Byrne, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland, Part I - Bedfordshire (London: John Ollivier, 1848)
  • J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Reform 1640-1832 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
  • Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
  • Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "B" (part 2)
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