Bemaraha Formation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bemaraha Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Bajocian-Early Bathonian
~170–168 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMorondava Basin
UnderliesSakaraha Formation
OverliesIsalo III Formation
Lithology
PrimaryLime mudstone
OtherGrainstone, limestone
Location
Coordinates19°12′S 45°00′E / 19.2°S 45.0°E / -19.2; 45.0Coordinates: 19°12′S 45°00′E / 19.2°S 45.0°E / -19.2; 45.0
Approximate paleocoordinates24°54′S 21°48′E / 24.9°S 21.8°E / -24.9; 21.8
RegionMorondava District, Menabe
Country Madagascar
Extent~300 km (190 mi)
Type section
Named forTsingy de Bemaraha National Park
Bemaraha Formation is located in Madagascar
Bemaraha Formation
Bemaraha Formation
class=notpageimage|
Outcrops of the formation in Madagascar

The Bemaraha Formation is a Middle Jurassic (early Bajocian to early Bathonian) geological formation of the Morondava Basin of Madagascar. The lime mudstones, grainstones and limestones of the formation were deposited in lagoonal and reefal environments. Fossils of groups of invertebrates and theropod and sauropod tracks have been found in the formation.[1] The tracksite yielded a single trackway belonging to a quadrupedal dinosaur, possibly a sauropod.[2] Sauropod tracks are rare, making up as little as 1 percent of the present sample. The best-preserved tracks are assigned to the ichnogenus Kayentapus.[3]

Description[]

The limestones of the Bemaraha Formation have been interpreted as a coastal barrier/lagoon complex of Middle Jurassic age (Bajocian, about 170 Ma). At that time, Madagascar had already separated from Africa, but was still attached to India and Antarctica. Since Antarctica was connected to southern Africa, a land bridge really existed between Madagascar and all major southern hemisphere landmasses. Faunal exchanges were possible and endemism was probably very low. Madagascar was to become an island only some 80-90 million years later, during the Late Cretaceous. During Bajocian times, a narrow seaway stretched between eastern Africa and western Madagascar, much in the same position as today's Mozambique Channel. Along the shores of western Madagascar, coral reefs separated wide lagoons from the open sea. The remnants of this reef/lagoon complex is what today, after the coastline shifted several tens of kilometers westward, is seen in the limestones of the Bemaraha Formation.[4]

The Bemaraha limestones stretches over an area of roughly 300 kilometres (190 mi),[5] and are best exposed in the area between the towns of Bekopaka and Antsalova, in the northern half of the Morondava Basin. The outcropping limestones can roughly be divided into a western and an eastern belt with different facies.[4]

In the western belt, the formation mainly consists of massive limestones with metre-scale bedding or no recognizable bedding at all. Oolites and fossils of reefal organisms (mainly corals) are common in places. This region is affected by the spectacular karst features known as "tsingy" and for this reason most of the area is part of the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. The facies in the eastern belt is made up mainly of fine-grained and well-bedded limestones with the average thickness of the individual beds being a few tens of centimeters. Beds are often laminated and invertebrate fossils (gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, echinoids and isolated coral fragments) are common in some beds, while others are devoid of fossils.[4]

In the south-western Majunga Basin, interbedded limestones and mudstones (shales and marls) above the Aalenian Sandstone were attributed to a Bajocian carbonate platform formed by the Bemaraha Formation. The carbonate platform at the Manambolo and Tsiribihina River gorges, which cut through the Bemaraha plateau, are likewise assigned to the Early Bajocian. At the eastern margin of the Bemaraha Plateau, the carbonate succession directly rests on . Farther south at Besabora (along National Road RN35), limestones with the foraminifera and support a Middle Jurassic (Bajocian to Early Bathonian) age.[6]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Tsiandro tracksite at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ Wagensommer et al., 2010, p.127
  3. ^ Wagensommer et al., 2012, p.124
  4. ^ a b c D'Orazi Porchetti et al., 2010, p.8
  5. ^ Wagensommer et al., 2012, p.111
  6. ^ Geiger & Schweigert, 2005, p.5

Bibliography[]

Retrieved from ""