Betula maximowicziana

Betula maximowicziana
	Leaves and bark
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Betulaceae
Genus:	Betula
Subgenus:	Betula subg. Betulaster
Species:	B. maximowicziana
Binomial name
	Betula maximowicziana; Regel
Synonyms
	Betula candelae Koidz.; Betula maximowiczii Regel; Betula maximowiczii Rupr.;

Betula maximowicziana, the monarch birch, is a species of birch tree native to the Kuril Islands and northern to central Japan. It is a valuable timber tree in Japan.^[2] It is also grown as an ornamental for its bark in Japan, Europe and a few places in North America, but has had limited acceptance due to lack of uniformity.^[3]

References[]

^ A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2):180. 1868
^ Tsuda, Y.; Ide, Y. (2005). "Wide-range analysis of genetic structure of Betula maximowicziana, a long-lived pioneer tree species and noble hardwood in the cool temperate zone of Japan". Molecular Ecology. 14 (13): 3929–3941. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02715.x. PMID 16262849. S2CID 20819615.
^ Dirr, Michael A. (2011). Dirr's Encyclopedia of Trees and Shrubs. Timber Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780881929010.

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[1] A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2):180. 1868

[Tsuda2005Ide-2] Tsuda, Y.; Ide, Y. (2005). "Wide-range analysis of genetic structure of Betula maximowicziana, a long-lived pioneer tree species and noble hardwood in the cool temperate zone of Japan". Molecular Ecology. 14 (13): 3929–3941. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02715.x. PMID 16262849. S2CID 20819615.

[3] Dirr, Michael A. (2011). Dirr's Encyclopedia of Trees and Shrubs. Timber Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780881929010.

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