Biomphalaria sudanica

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Biomphalaria sudanica
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Superorder: Hygrophila
Family: Planorbidae
Genus: Biomphalaria
Species:
B. sudanica
Binomial name
Biomphalaria sudanica
(Martens, 1870)

Biomphalaria sudanica is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

Distribution[]

This species is African, and occurs mainly in East Africa:[1]

Phylogeny[]

A cladogram showing the phylogenic relations of species in the genus Biomphalaria:[6]

Biomphalaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria stanleyi

 
 

Biomphalaria pfeifferi

 
 
 

Biomphalaria camerunensis

 
 
Nilotic species complex
 
 
 

Biomphalaria sudanica

 
 

 
 
 

Biomphalaria alexandrina

 
 
 

Biomphalaria smithi

 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria glabrata

 
 
 
 
 
Biomphalaria straminea complex
 
 

Biomphalaria kuhniana

 
 

Biomphalaria straminea

 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria straminea

 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Biomphalaria sp.

 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria tenagophila

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Biomphalaria andecola

 
 
 

Biomphalaria sp. (? Biomphalaria havanensis)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Biomphalaria sp. (? Biomphalaria havanensis)

 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Biomphalaria peregrina

 
 
 

Biomphalaria schrammi

 
 

Ecology[]

Biomphalaria sudanica is found in shallow water near the shoreline in Lake Albert.[4] Despite being a pulmonate, Biomphalaria sudanica is well adapted to use the oxygen from water (but not as well as Planorbis). This ability is useful for living in swamp habitats.[7]

The population density of Biomphalaria sudanica varies during the year. The highest population density of Biomphalaria sudanica is in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia from June to August, at the end of rainy season.[3]

The higher densities of Biomphalaria sudanica occur in habitats with the Common Water Hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes in Lake Victoria.[8]

It was experimentally detected under laboratory conditions that shells of Biomphalaria sudanica are bigger in waters with higher concentration of calcium than in waters with low calcium.[1]

Parasites[]

Biomphalaria sudanica is an intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni[2] and for Schistosoma rodhaini.[9]

Infestation with schistosomes in the Lake Victoria basin is about 1%,[9] but can be up to 50% in the case of Schistosoma mansoni and up to 6% in Schistosoma rodhaini in some localities.[9]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Brodersen, J. (2003). "The effect of calcium concentration on the crushing resistance, weight and size of Biomphalaria sudanica (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". Hydrobiologia. 490: 181–186. doi:10.1023/A:1023495326473.
  2. ^ a b Black, C. L.; Mwinzi, P. N. M.; Muok, E. M. O.; Abudho, B.; Fitzsimmons, C. M.; Dunne, D. W.; Karanja, D. M. S.; Secor, W. E.; Colley, D. G. (2010). Bethony, Jeffrey M (ed.). "Influence of Exposure History on the Immunology and Development of Resistance to Human Schistosomiasis Mansoni". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 4 (3): e637. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000637. PMC 2843635. PMID 20351784. open access
  3. ^ a b Erko, B.; Balcha, F.; Kifle, D. (2006). "The ecology of Biomphalaria sudanica in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia". African Journal of Ecology. 44 (3): 347–352. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00615.x.
  4. ^ a b Kazibwe, F.; Makanga, B.; Rubaire-Akiiki, C.; Ouma, J.; Kariuki, C.; Kabatereine, N. B.; Booth, M.; Vennervald, B. J.; Sturrock, R. F.; Stothard, J. R. (2006). "Ecology of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Lake Albert, Western Uganda: Snail distributions, infection with schistosomes and temporal associations with environmental dynamics". Hydrobiologia. 568: 433–444. doi:10.1007/s10750-006-0224-y.
  5. ^ a b John, R.; Ezekiel, M.; Philbert, C.; Andrew, A. (2008). "Schistosomiasis transmission at high altitude crater lakes in western Uganda". BMC Infectious Diseases. 8: 110. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-110. PMC 2518556. PMID 18694485.
  6. ^ Dejong, R. J.; Morgan, J. A.; Paraense, W. L.; Pointier, J. P.; Amarista, M.; Ayeh-Kumi, P. F.; Babiker, A.; Barbosa, C. S.; Brémond, P.; Pedro Canese, A.; De Souza, C. P.; Dominguez, C.; File, S.; Gutierrez, A.; Incani, R. N.; Kawano, T.; Kazibwe, F.; Kpikpi, J.; Lwambo, N. J.; Mimpfoundi, R.; Njiokou, F.; Noël Poda, J.; Sene, M.; Velásquez, L. E.; Yong, M.; Adema, C. M.; Hofkin, B. V.; Mkoji, G. M.; Loker, E. S. (2001). "Evolutionary relationships and biogeography of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) with implications regarding its role as host of the human bloodfluke, Schistosoma mansoni". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (12): 2225–2239. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003769. PMID 11719572.
  7. ^ Jones, J. D. (1964). "Respiratory gas exchange in the aquatic pulmonate, Biomphalaria sudanica". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 12 (3): 297–310. doi:10.1016/0010-406X(64)90061-1.
  8. ^ Plummer, M. L. (2005). "Impact of Invasive Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on Snail Hosts of Schistosomiasis in Lake Victoria, East Africa". EcoHealth. 2: 81–86. doi:10.1007/s10393-004-0104-8.].
  9. ^ a b c Steinauer, M. L.; Mwangi, I. N.; Maina, G. M.; Kinuthia, J. M.; Mutuku, M. W.; Agola, E. L.; Mungai, B.; Mkoji, G. M.; Loker, E. S. (2008). Knight, Matty (ed.). "Interactions between Natural Populations of Human and Rodent Schistosomes in the Lake Victoria Region of Kenya: A Molecular Epidemiological Approach". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2 (4): e222. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000222. PMC 2291567. PMID 18414646. open access

Further reading[]

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