Birmingham bus attack
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Freedom_Riders_attacked.jpg/220px-Freedom_Riders_attacked.jpg)
On 14 May 1961, during the American Civil Rights Movement, a mob of Ku Klux Klan members attacked civil rights Freedom Riders in Birmingham, Alabama after two buses were setting out to travel the south in protest of their civil rights following the Supreme Court case saying bus segregation was unconstitutional.
Attack[]
When the bus arrived in Birmingham, Alabama, it was attacked by a mob of Ku Klux Klan members[2] aided and abetted by police under the orders of Commissioner Bull Connor.[3] As the riders exited the bus, they were beaten by the mob with baseball bats, iron pipes and bicycle chains. Among the attacking Klansmen was Gary Thomas Rowe, an FBI informant. White Freedom Riders were singled out for especially frenzied beatings; James Peck required more than 50 stitches to the wounds in his head.[4] Peck was taken to Carraway Methodist Medical Center, which refused to treat him; he was later treated at Jefferson Hillman Hospital.[5]
When reports of the bus burning and beatings reached US Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, he urged restraint on the part of Freedom Riders and sent an assistant, John Seigenthaler, to Alabama to try to calm the situation.[citation needed]
Despite the violence suffered and the threat of more to come, the Freedom Riders intended to continue their journey. Kennedy had arranged an escort for the Riders in order to get them to Montgomery, Alabama, safely. However, radio reports told of a mob awaiting the riders at the bus terminal, as well as on the route to Montgomery. The Greyhound clerks told the Riders that their drivers were refusing to drive any Freedom Riders anywhere.[2]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ "Get On the Bus: The Freedom Riders of 1961". NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
- ^ a b ""Freedom Riders," WGBH American Experience". PBS. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ Freedom Rides Archived 2010-07-10 at Wikiwix ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive.
- ^ Photo of James Peck after being attacked in Birmingham, Alabama Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, University of California. Retrieved February 1, 2010.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ Branch, p. 423.
- Freedom Riders
- 1961 in American politics
- 1961 protests
- African-American history of Alabama
- Bus transportation in the United States
- Civil rights movement
- Civil rights protests in the United States
- History of African-American civil rights
- History of the Southern United States
- May 1961 events in North America
- Ku Klux Klan crimes
- Far-right terrorism