Bittium

Bittium
Drawing from Hartling 1886, two views of a shell of Bittium reticulatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Superfamily:	Cerithioidea
Family:	Cerithiidae
Genus:	Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847[1]
Type species
Strombiformis reticulatus da Costa, 1778
Synonyms[2]
Bittium (Bittium) Gray, 1847· accepted, alternate representation Bittium (Brachybittium) Weisbord, 1962· accepted, alternate representation Bittium (Rasbittium) Gründel, 1976 (junior objective synonym of Manobittium) Cerithiolum Tiberi, 1869 (junior objective synonym of Bittium) Cerithium (Bittium) Gray, 1847 Dahlakia Biggs, 1971 Inobittium Monterosato, 1917 Manobittium Monterosato, 1917

Bittium is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.^[2]

Distribution[]

This genus is found worldwide.

Description[]

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Species[]

Species in the genus Bittium include:^[3]

Species brought into synonymy:

• Bittium adamsi Dall, 1889: synonym of Finella adamsi (Dall, 1889)
• Bittium alternatum (Say, 1822)^[5] and Bittium nigrum (Totten, 1834) are synonyms of Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822)^[11]
• Bittium asperum Gabb, 1861: synonym of (Gabb, 1861)
• Bittium attenuatum Carpenter, 1864 – slender cerith:^[5] synonym of (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium boeticum (Pease, 1860) and Bittium pusillum (Gould, 1851) are synonyms of Cerithium boeticum Pease, 1860^[12]
• Bittium catalinense Bartsch, 1907:^[5] synonym of (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium cinctum Hutton, 1885: synonym of (Hutton, 1886)
• † Bittium cossmanni: synonym of † (Dall, 1892)
• Bittium diplax Watson, 1886 is a synonym of Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886)^[13]
• Bittium eschrichti (Middendorff, 1849): synonym of (Middendorff, 1849)
• Bittium estuarinumTate, 1893: synonym of (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium exile (Hutton, 1873): synonym of (Hutton, 1873)
• Bittium fetellum Bartsch, 1911:^[5] synonym of (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium furvum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Cacozeliana furva (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium fuscocapitulum Hedley & Petterd, 1906 : synonym of Cacozeliana fuscocapitulum (Hedley & Petterd, 1906)
• Bittium granarium (Kiener, 1842) is a synonym of Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842)^[14]
• Bittium hiloense: synonym of (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908)
• Bittium houbricki Ponder, 1993 : synonym of Ittibittium houbricki (Ponder, 1993)
• Bittium icarus (Bayle, 1880) : synonym of Cacozeliana icarus (Bayle, 1880)
• Bittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864):^[5] synonym of (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium jadertinum Brusina, 1865: synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium johnstonae Bartsch, 1911:^[5] synonym of (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium larum Bartsch, 1911:^[5] synonym of (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium lawleyanum Crosse, 1863: synonym of (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium leucocephalum Watson, 1886 : synonym of (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium minutulum: synonym of (Thiele, 1930) (original combination)
• Bittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864):^[5] synonym of (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium oldroydae Bartsch, 1911:^[5] synonym of (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium oryza (Mörch, 1876) : synonym of Ittibittium oryza (Mörch, 1876)
• Bittium paganicum (Dall, 1919):^[5] synonym of (Dall, 1919)
• Bittium parcum Gould, 1861 is a synonym of Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861)^[15]
• Bittium perparvulum Watson, 1886^[5] is a synonym of Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886)^[16]
• Bittium perpusillum Tryon, 1887 : synonym of Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861)
• Bittium plumbeum: synonym of (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter, 1864 – four-thread cerith:^[5] synonym of Lirobittium quadrifilatum (Carpenter, 1864) (original combination)
• Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium seymourianum Strebel, 1908: synonym of Cerithiella seymouriana (Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
• Bittium subplanatum Bartsch, 1911:^[5] synonym of (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium torresiense Melvill & Standen, 1899 : synonym of Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)
• Bittium variegatum Henn & Brazier, 1894 : synonym of Cacozeliana variegatum (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
• Bittium varium (Pfeiffer, 1840) – grass cerith^[5] is a synonym of Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840)^[17]
• Bittium zebrum (Kiener, 1841) is a synonym of Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841^[18]

See also[]

• Cerithium
• Ittibittium

References[]

• Biggs H.E. (1971). On a proposed new genus of cerithid mollusca from the Dahlak islands, Red Sea. Journal of Conchology 27: 221–223, pl. 7
• Gründel J. (1976). Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Bittium-Gruppe. Malakologische Abhandlungen 5(3): 33–59
• Houbrick R. (1978). Redescription of Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930) with comments on its generic placements. The Nautilus 92 (1): 9–11
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

Further reading[]

• Gray, J. E. (1847). A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 15: 129-219
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
• Gray, J.E. (1847). On the classification of the British Mollusca by W E Leach. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 1, 20: 267-273
• Verduin A. (1982). On the taxonomy and variability of recent european species of the genus Bittium Leach (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Basteria 46: 93-120
• Houbrick R. (1977). Reevaluation and new description of the genus Bittium (Cerithiidae). The Veliger 20 (2): 101-106

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