Boreus
| Winter scorpionflies | |
|---|---|
| |
| B. westwoodi female | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mecoptera |
| Family: | Boreidae |
| Genus: | Boreus Latreille, 1816 |
Boreus is the most diverse of three genera of insects in the family Boreidae. They are commonly known as winter scorpionflies due to their close relation to the true scorpionflies and preference for cold habitats.
Description and distribution[]
Species of Boreus are dark in color, 3 to 5 mm long, and have reduced, non-functional wings. In males, the wings resemble straps, while in females they are short stubs. Females also have a pointed ovipositor. Both sexes have an elongated head, or rostrum. Larvae are grublike, mostly hairless and lacking prolegs.
They have a holarctic distribution and are found in boreal and high altitude habitats.
Biology[]
Boreus species are highly adapted to cold environments and often found on the surface of snow. Although they cannot fly, they have the ability to hop or jump. All species are known to feed on mosses, both as adults and larvae. Males use their hardened wing straps to grasp the female and lift her above their back during mating.[1]
Species[]
These 27 species belong to the genus Boreus:
- Tarbinsky, 1962 i c g
- Byers and Shaw, 2000 i c g
- Banks, 1923 i c g
- Boreus brumalis Fitch, 1847 i c g b (mid-winter boreus)
- Boreus californicus Packard, 1870 i c g b
- Pliginsky, 1914 i c g
- Boreus coloradensis Byers, 1955 i c g b
- Boreus elegans Carpenter, 1935 i c g b
- Boreus hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1767) i c g
- Boreus insulanus Blades, 2002 i c g b
- Lloyd, 1934 i c g
- Plutenko, 1984 i c g
- Hori and Morimoto, 1996 i c g
- Mayer, 1938 i c g
- Klapálek, 1901 i c g
- Pliginsky, 1914 i c g
- Boreus nivoriundus Fitch, 1847 i c g b (snow-born boreus)
- Boreus nix Carpenter, 1935 i c g b
- Martynova, 1954 i c g
- Carpenter, 1935 i c g
- Carpenter, 1933 i c g
- Pliginsky, 1930 i c g
- Navás, 1926 i c g
- Plutenko, 1985 i c g
- Hine g
- Martynova, 1954 i c g
- Hagen, 1866 i c g
Data sources: i = ITIS,[2] c = Catalogue of Life,[3] g = GBIF,[4] b = Bugguide.net[5]
References[]
- ^ "Vol 48, No 1 - Scorpionflies, Hangingflies, and other Mecoptera - The Kansas School Naturalist". www.emporia.edu. Emporia State University. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
- ^ "Boreus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
- ^ "Browse Boreus". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
- ^ "Boreus". GBIF. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
- ^ "Boreus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
External links[]
- Mecoptera